Fet's lyrics: features, main themes and motives. The originality of A.A.’s lyrics

1. Fet as a representative of the “pure art” direction.
2. Fet about the purpose of the poet and poetry.
3. Glorifying the beauty of the world in the poet’s poems.
4. The theme of love in Fet’s lyrics.

The lyrics of A. A. Fet are usually attributed to literary direction called "pure art". In fact, the poet in his work did not try to express his own civil position, did not call anyone to anything, did not expose the vices of social and political life. Fet paid attention to the eternal human values, among which the beauty and sophistication of the world around is of particular importance. Let it change social order, let there be a struggle for freedom or power, let great deeds be accomplished, but still night falls. And stars appear in the sky, and when looking at this splendor, the poet comes up with the following lines:

What a night! All; every single star
Warmly and meekly they look into the soul again,
And in the air behind the nightingale's song
Anxiety and love spread.

Fet conveys the subtlest shades of mood. Him - own view on the purpose of the poet and poetry. From Fet’s point of view, the poet must abandon earthly problems and completely surrender to the flight of fantasy:

Only you, poet, winged words sound
Grabs on the fly and fastens suddenly
And the dark delirium of the soul, and the unclear smell of herbs;
So, for the boundless, leaving the meager valley,
An eagle flies beyond the clouds of Jupiter,
Carrying an instant sheaf of lightning in faithful paws.

Every moment of life in Fet’s poems takes on special meaning. There is no hint of anything mundane or dull in his poetry. It turns out that every day can be beautiful and harmonious. You just need to notice and enjoy this splendor.

What happiness: both the night and we are alone!
The river is like a mirror and all sparkles with stars;
And there...throw your head back and take a look:
What depth and purity is above us!

The poet has a special rhythm of his works. It is no coincidence that P.I. Tchaikovsky said: “Fet, in his best moments, goes beyond the limits indicated by poetry and boldly takes a step into our field.” Great composer implied the unique melody of Fet's poems. Many of Afanasy Afanasyevich's creations became romances.

Reading Fet's poems allows you to temporarily escape from problems and immerse yourself in amazing beautiful world. Everything here looks like a fairy tale. Yes, we can admit that the poet idealizes the real world and endows it with special features. But isn’t it wonderful that the talent of Fet, a singer of beauty, is capable of this. The real world appears completely different and is endowed with special properties.

Night. You can't hear the city noise.
There is a star in the sky - and from it,
Like a spark, a thought was born
Secretly there is sadness in my heart.
And this thought is bright and transparent,
It’s like a sharp glance from sweet eyes;
The depths of the soul are full of native light,
And the long-time guest is happy with the experience.

The poet himself considered the artist’s main task to show beauty: “Without a sense of beauty, life comes down to feeding hounds in a stuffy, fetid kennel.”

Paradoxically, Fet's works were significantly influenced by realism. In fact, when a poet describes a landscape, he draws attention to the smallest details, which would escape the attention of a simple observer. Realism is manifested in the description of the world around. But at the same time, Fet s special attention refers to one's own emotions and feelings. He speaks honestly and openly about all the emotions that arise in him when looking at the beauty of the world around him. Fet knew how to “catch the elusive.” Critics gave him this description. He is able to capture a moment in poetry. And it takes on a completely different meaning, expanding into the category of philosophical questions:

Only in the world is there something fragrant
Sweet headdress.
Only in the world is there this pure
Parting to the left.

S. Ya. Marshak wrote about Fet: “His poems entered Russian nature, became its integral part, wonderful lines about spring rain, about the flight of a butterfly, soulful landscapes. His nature is as if on the first day of creation: thickets of trees, a light ribbon of a river, nightingale peace, a sweetly murmuring spring... If annoying modernity sometimes invades this closed world, then it immediately loses its practical meaning and acquires a decorative character "

The poet also praises love in his poems. The life of Afanasy Afanasyevich himself was tragic. He was in love with the daughter of a poor landowner, Maria, but lack of money prevented the lovers from getting married. The girl soon died in a fire. And Fet remembered her all his life. From his poems it was clear that he was not afraid of death, because only non-existence could bring peace.

We are not destined to be friends with you
Wear shackles
We are not looking and we do not need
No vows, no words.
Delights and sorrows are not for us,
My love!
But we saw in our eyes,
Who are you, who am I.
With what we burn, we are ready to shine
In the darkness of nights;
And we are looking for earthly happiness
Not with people.

Fet's poems attract the reader's attention because they are harmonious and beautiful. They are timeless, and therefore interest in them will never fade.

The poems of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet are unusual, as is his biography. Adopted by a Russian landowner, the boy was forced all his life to seek recognition of the title of nobility.

During for long years Fet sought independence - spiritual, material: both when he studied at the university and when he served in the Kirabir regiment. His first poetic experiments date back to 1840, when his first collection “Lyrical Pantheon” was published.

Fet immediately declares himself as a unique and original poet. Having seen the beauty of the world, he tries to capture and preserve it in his poems. The main thing for Fet is to reflect the impression, which, as is known, is the basis of a person’s feelings. This feature of Fetov’s lyrics can be called impressionistic.

The main themes of Fet's poetry are love and nature. They are so closely connected with each other that you involuntarily come to the conclusion: nature and man are the main components of the world. The state of nature is reflected in the state human soul. Through nature, a person understands himself better, describing it, and more fully expresses his own psychological state.

Fet notices the slightest changes in the state of nature, every movement of the human soul. For example, in the poem “Whisper, Timid Breath,” which was published in 1850 in the second collection of poems.

This poem became almost a symbol of all of Fet’s poetry. It sounds like music, conveying excitement and growing feelings.

Fet's word is designed to convey smells, sounds, musical tones, and light impressions. This was very subtly noticed by Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, who wrote: “I finally got acquainted with Fet’s book - there are poems where the smell of sweet peas and clover is smelled, where the smell turns into the color of mother-of-pearl, into the glow of a firefly, and moonlight or a ray of dawn shimmers into sound. Fet is a one-of-a-kind poet who has no equal in any literature.” All natural phenomena Fet perceives in unity.

At the end of the 50s, when N.A. became the head of Sovremennik. Nekrasov, relations between the magazine’s management and a group of writers worsened – I.S. Turgeneva, A.A. Feta, L.N. Tolstoy, who left the magazine. They did not understand how “pure art” could be rejected in the name of practical benefit.

In 1859 in the magazine “ Russian word” Fet publishes an article about Tyutchev’s poems. The main idea it is the following: art should not adhere to any ideological trends, it should not participate in political social struggle, art should serve “pure beauty.”

He is beginning to be considered a reactionary. The writer leaves for the Stepanovka estate and lives there, turning the estate into a model farm. His latest poems are published in the collections “Evening Lights”. The themes of the lyrics remained the same as in his youth. The word “evening” in the title of the collection, of course, speaks of the evening of life. But the word “lights” is also important here - Fet’s late lyrics retained the thrill of heartfelt feeling, the ardor inherent in youth, and acquired the ability to study the light of wisdom.

- a nineteenth-century poet who contributed huge contribution in the development of Russian literature. Reading his works, you begin to understand the peculiarity of his work. What are they?

In poems real world idealized, endowed with special features. Thanks to his poems, we can escape from our problems, plunging into the world of beauty and wonder. All of Fet’s works are filled with feelings; he didn’t just write, but sang the surrounding beauty love and nature. This is the main feature of Fet’s work. You read the poet’s works and feel the notes of different emotions and moods that evoke wonderful feelings. This is an author who tried to avoid social and political topics; he was a poet pure art, whose works described nature and love. A subtle poetic mood is intertwined with artistic skill, allowing you to create pure poetry. Basically his works are love and landscape lyrics, and only at the end life path he resorted to philosophical lyrics. Let's take a closer look at characteristic features the writer's lyrics.

Features of Fet's love lyrics

Getting to know love lyrics Feta, we can indicate that the writer’s love is a fusion of contradictions in a harmonious unification. The peculiarity of his love lyrics is that there are no notes of drama and tragedy here. His lyrics about love sound musical and subtle with peculiar notes, where there is no love languor, no jealous torment, no passion. Here there is only a description of the beauty of this extraordinary and unearthly feeling of love. His love lyrics- these are sublimely ideal, pure, youthfully reverent poems, which, strange as it may sound, were written mainly in old age.

Features of landscape lyrics

Nature is what the poet also loved to write about. At the same time, the landscapes in the writer’s work come to life, and nature is always calm and quiet. His paintings seem to freeze, but at the same time everything around is filled with sounds, where a fidgety woodpecker knocks, a Easter cake moans or an owl. The peculiarity of landscape lyrics is that the writer endows landscapes with human properties, where the rose smiles, the stars pray, the pond dreams, and the birches wait. At the same time, the author often uses images of birds that are unusual for us. Thus, swifts, lapwings, owls, and blacklings often appear in his poems. In addition, the author does not endow nature and animals with any symbolic meaning. For him, everything is endowed only with those properties that representatives of the living world of nature possess in reality.

Fet's landscape lyrics are full of spontaneity, acute perception of nature, his landscapes are soulful, and the poems themselves are generally filled with freshness. Every line is beautiful, regardless of whether the author writes about spring or summer, or describes autumn or winter landscapes.

TO mid-19th century centuries in Russian poetry, two directions are clearly identified and, polarized, develop: democratic and so-called “pure art”. The main poet and ideologist of the first movement was Nekrasov, the second - Fet.

The poets of “pure art” believed that the purpose of art is art; they did not allow any possibility of deriving practical benefit from poetry. Their poems are distinguished by the absence not only of civic motives, but also of any connection with public issues and problems that reflected the “spirit of the times” and acutely worried their advanced contemporaries. Therefore, the “sixties” critics, condemning the poets of “pure art” for thematic narrowness and monotony, often did not perceive them as full-fledged poets. That’s why Chernyshevsky, who appreciated Fet’s lyrical talent so highly, added at the same time that he “writes nonsense.” Pisarev also spoke about Fet’s complete inconsistency with the “spirit of the times,” arguing that “ wonderful poet responds to the interests of the century not out of duty of citizenship, but out of involuntary attraction, out of natural responsiveness.”

Fet not only did not take into account the “spirit of the times” and sang in his own way, but he decisively and extremely demonstratively opposed himself to the democratic trend of Russian literature of the 19th century century.

After great tragedy, experienced by Fet in his youth, after the death of the poet’s beloved Maria Lazic, Fet consciously divides life into two spheres: real and ideal. And he transfers only the ideal sphere into his poetry. Poetry and reality now have nothing in common for him; they turn out to be two different, diametrically opposed, incompatible worlds. The contrast between these two worlds: the world of Feta the man, his worldview, his everyday practice, social behavior and the world of Fet’s lyrics, in relation to which the first world was an anti-world for Fet, was a mystery for most contemporaries and remains a mystery for modern researchers.

In the preface to the third edition of "Evening Lights", looking back on all my creative life, Fet wrote: “Life’s hardships forced us to turn away from them for sixty years and break through the everyday ice, so that at least for a moment we could breathe the clean and free air of poetry.” Poetry was for Fet the only way to escape reality and everyday life and feel free and happy.

Fet believed that a real poet in his poems he must glorify, first of all, beauty, that is, according to Fet, nature and love. However, the poet understood that beauty is very fleeting and that moments of beauty are rare and brief. Therefore, in his poems, Fet always tries to convey these moments, to capture a momentary phenomenon of beauty. Fet was able to remember any transient, momentary states of nature and then reproduce them in his poems. This is the impressionism of Fet's poetry. Fet never describes a feeling as a whole, but only states, certain shades of feeling. Fet's poetry is irrational, sensual, impulsive. The images of his poems are vague, vague; Fet often conveys his feelings, impressions of objects, and not their image. In the poem “Evening” we read:

Sounded over the clear river,

It rang in a darkened meadow,

Rolled over the silent grove,

It lit up on the other side...

And what “sounded”, “ringed”, “rolled” and “lit” is unknown.

On the hill it is either damp or hot, The sighs of the day are in the breath of the night, - But the lightning already glows brightly with blue and green fire... This is only one moment in nature, a momentary state of nature, which Fet managed to convey in his poem. Fet is a poet of detail, of a separate image, so in his poems we will not find a complete, holistic landscape. Fet has no conflict between nature and man; the lyrical hero of Fet's poetry is always in harmony with nature. Nature is a reflection of human feelings, it is humanized:

Smoothly at night from the brow

Soft darkness falls;

There's a wide shadow from the field

Huddling under the nearby canopy.

I'm burning with thirst for light,

The dawn is ashamed to come out,

Cold, clear, white,

The bird's wing trembled...

The sun is not yet visible

And there is grace in the soul.

In the poem “Whisper. Timid breathing..." the world of nature and the world of human feeling turn out to be inextricably linked. In both of these “worlds” the poet highlights barely noticeable, transitional states, subtle changes. Both feeling and nature are shown in the poem in fragmentary details, individual strokes, but for the reader they form a single picture of the date, creating a single impression.

In the poem " Bright light a fire is burning in the forest…” the narrative unfolds in parallel on two levels: externally landscape and internally psychological. These two plans merge, and by the end of the poem, only through nature does it become possible for Fet to talk about the internal state of the lyrical hero. A feature of Fet's lyrics in terms of phonics and intonation is its musicality. The musicality of verse was introduced into Russian poetry by Zhukovsky. We find excellent examples of it in Pushkin, Lermontov, and Tyutchev. But it is in Fet’s poetry that she achieves special sophistication:

The rye is ripening over the hot fields,

And from field to field

The whimsical wind blows

Golden shimmers.

(The musicality of this verse is achieved by euphony.) The musicality of Fet's poetry is also emphasized by the genre nature of his lyrics. Along with traditional genres elegies, thoughts, messages, Fet actively uses the romance-song genre. This genre determines the structure of almost the majority of Fetov’s poems. For each romance, Fet created his own poetic melody, unique to him. The famous 19th century critic N. N. Strakhov wrote: “Fet’s verse has a magical musicality, and at the same time constantly varied; The poet has his own melody for every mood of the soul, and in terms of the richness of melodies no one can equal him.”

Fet achieves the musicality of his poetry as compositional structure verse: a ring composition, constant repetitions (for example, as in the poem “At dawn, don’t wake me up...”), and an extraordinary variety of strophic and rhythmic forms. Fet especially often uses the technique of alternating short and long lines:

Dreams and shadows

Dreams,

Tremblingly alluring into the dusk,

All stages

Euthanasia

Passing in a light swarm...

Fet considered music to be the highest of the arts. For Fet, the musical mood was an integral part of inspiration. In the poem “The Night Shined...” the heroine can express her feelings, her love only through music, through a song:

You sang until dawn, exhausted in tears,

That you alone are love, that there is no other love,

And I wanted to live so much, so that without making a sound,

To love you, hug you and cry over you.

The poetry of “pure art” saved Fet’s poetry from political and civil ideas and gave Fet the opportunity to make real discoveries in the field of poetic language. Fet's ingenuity in strophic composition and rhythm has already been emphasized by us. His experiments were bold in the field of grammatical construction of poetry (the poem “Whisper. Timid Breathing...” is written in only nominal sentences, there is not a single verb in it), in the field of metaphors (it was very difficult for Fet’s contemporaries, who took his poems literally, to understand, for example, metaphor of “the grass in weeping” or “spring and night covered the valley”).

So, in his poetry, Fet continues the transformations in the field of poetic language begun by the Russian romantics early XIX century. All his experiments turn out to be very successful, they continue and are consolidated in the poetry of A. Blok, A. Bely, L. Pasternak. The variety of forms of poems is combined with a variety of feelings and experiences conveyed by Fet in his poetry. Despite the fact that Fet considered poetry to be an ideal sphere of life, the feelings and moods described in Fet's poems are real. Fet's poems are not outdated to this day, since every reader can find in them moods similar to the state of his soul at the moment.