Who is M.A. Bulgakov, life and work short biography

Mikhail Bulgakov wrote many works over the years of his life, although the most famous and famous of them, undoubtedly, can be called “The Master and Margarita” and “ dog's heart" Of course, the list of the great writer’s works is not limited to these masterpieces, but it was these works that brought Bulgakov posthumous fame.

1. Mikhail Bulgakov was born in Kyiv into the family of an associate professor at the Theological Academy and a teacher at a girls' gymnasium.
2. Bulgakov had six brothers and sisters. They all chose for themselves different professions- from a biologist to a balalaika musician, but no one else had a talent for literature.
3. Bulgakov graduated with honors from the Faculty of Medicine of Kyiv University and submitted a report on his appointment as a doctor in the navy, but did not pass the medical examination due to kidney failure.
4. The future writer did not know how to manage money at all, and was an impulsive person - if he wanted to spend his last pennies on a taxi ride, he did so. The jewelry of Bulgakov and his wife Tatyana regularly ended up in the pawnshop.
5. Since 1917, when he worked as a doctor near the front line, Bulgakov acquired the addiction of morphine.
6. The prototype of the professor from the novel “Heart of a Dog” was the writer’s uncle, who had a successful gynecological practice in Moscow.
7. In 1926, during a search, security forces seized the manuscript of “The Heart of a Dog” and a personal diary from Bulgakov. A few years later, the diary was returned, and the author immediately burned it, but a copy of this document, taken at Lubyanka, has survived to this day.
8. Bulgakov’s play “Days of the Turbins” was successfully performed at the Moscow Art Theater for about 15 years, until the start of the next war. The production was banned several times, but Stalin personally demanded that it be returned to the stage, since the leader liked the play. According to unconfirmed reports, Stalin watched “Days of the Turbins” at least 15 times.
9. The Soviet press consistently and harshly criticized both Bulgakov's work and himself. According to the writer himself, over 10 years, 298 devastating reviews of his works and only 3 positive ones were published in various newspapers and magazines. Critics were eminent officials and writers, for example, Vladimir Mayakovsky ().
10. In 1930, Bulgakov's situation became desperate - his books were not published, and one after another his plays were removed from the theater repertoire. Driven to extremes, the writer wrote an appeal to the USSR government with a request either to allow him to go abroad or to give him the opportunity to work in the theater. Soon Stalin called Bulgakov and advised the playwright to get a job at the Moscow Art Theater.
11. The writer’s addiction to morphine did not leave him almost all his life - traces of this substance were present on the manuscript of the novel “The Master and Margarita” even 45 years after Bulgakov’s death.
12. Bulgakov died of kidney disease at the age of 48. On his grave there is a black tombstone, which originally lay at the resting place of Nikolai Gogol ().
13. Work on The Master and Margarita began in the 1920s and continued until Bulgakov's death, but this work was never completed. The writer’s widow, Elena, was busy bringing together the scattered drafts and notes. This novel was originally supposed to be called "The Black Magician" or "The Engineer's Hoof."
14. Neither the Master nor Margarita in the first version famous novel there was none - the author of the book about Pontius Pilate and his beloved were born in Bulgakov’s imagination only after 10 years of work on the novel.
15. Mikhail Bulgakov had three wives, but not a single child came from any of the marriages.
16. Bulgakov collected tickets for concerts and performances that he had the opportunity to attend.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov(1891-1940) - Russian writer, novelist, playwright. The author of four novels, several stories and collections of stories and feuilletons, about two dozen plays.

Biography

Mikhail Bulgakov was born on May 3 (15), 1891 in Kyiv in the family of Associate Professor of the Kyiv Theological Academy Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov (1859 - 1907) and his wife Varvara Mikhailovna (nee Pokrovskaya). In 1909 he graduated from the Kyiv First Gymnasium and entered the medical faculty of Kyiv University. In 1916, he received a medical diploma and got a job in the village of Nikolskoye, Smolensk province, then worked as a doctor in the city of Vyazma. In 1915, Bulgakov entered into his first marriage - with Tatyana Lappa.

During the civil war in February 1919, Bulgakov was mobilized as a military doctor into the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, but almost immediately deserted. In the same year he managed to serve as a doctor in the Red Army, and then in the White Guards. Armed Forces South of Russia. He spends some time with Cossack troops in Chechnya, then in Vladikavkaz.

At the end of September 1921, Bulgakov moved to Moscow and began collaborating as a feuilletonist with metropolitan newspapers (Gudok, Rabochy) and magazines (Medical Worker, Rossiya, Vozrozhdenie). At the same time he publishes individual works in the newspaper "Nakanune", published in Berlin. From 1922 to 1926, more than 120 reports, essays and feuilletons by Bulgakov were published in Gudka.

In 1923, Bulgakov joined the All-Russian Writers' Union. In 1924, he met Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya, who had recently returned from abroad, and who soon became his new wife.

In 1928, Bulgakov travels with Lyubov Evgenievna to the Caucasus, visiting Tiflis, Batum, Cape Verde, Vladikavkaz, Gudermes. This year the premiere of the play “Crimson Island” is taking place in Moscow. Bulgakov conceives the idea of ​​a novel, later called “The Master and Margarita.” The writer also begins work on a play about Moliere (“The Cabal of the Saint”).

In 1929, Bulgakov met Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, his future third wife.

In 1930, Bulgakov's works ceased to be published, and plays were removed from the theater repertoire. The plays "Running", "Zoyka's Apartment", "Crimson Island" are prohibited from being staged; the play "Days of the Turbins" has been removed from the repertoire. In 1930, Bulgakov wrote to his brother Nikolai in Paris about the unfavorable literary and theatrical situation for himself and the difficult financial situation. Then he writes a letter to the USSR Government with a request to determine his fate - either to give him the right to emigrate, or to provide him with the opportunity to work as an assistant director at the Moscow Art Theater. Bulgakov receives a call from Joseph Stalin, who recommends that the playwright apply to enroll him as an assistant director at the Moscow Art Theater. In 1930, Bulgakov worked at the Central Theater of Working Youth (TRAM). From 1930 to 1936 - at the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director, on whose stage in 1932 he staged Nikolai Gogol's "Dead Souls". Since 1936 he worked in Bolshoi Theater as a librettist and translator.

In 1936, the premiere of Bulgakov's "Moliere" took place at the Moscow Art Theater. In 1937, Bulgakov worked on the libretto of “Minin and Pozharsky” and “Peter I”.

In 1939, Bulgakov worked on the libretto "Rachel", as well as on a play about Stalin ("Batum"). Contrary to the writer's expectations, the play was banned from publication and production. Bulgakov's health condition is deteriorating sharply. Doctors diagnose him with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. The writer begins to dictate to Elena Sergeevna the latest versions of the novel “The Master and Margarita”.

Since February 1940, friends and relatives have been constantly on duty at the bedside of Bulgakov, who suffers from kidney disease. On March 10, 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died. On March 11, a civil memorial service took place in the Union building Soviet writers. Before the funeral service, Moscow sculptor S. D. Merkurov removes the death mask from Bulgakov’s face.

Creation

Bulgakov, in his own words, wrote his first story in 1919.

1922-1923 - publication of "Notes on Cuffs", a collection published in 1925 satirical stories"Diaboliada". In 1925, the story " Fatal eggs", the story "Steel Throat" (the first in the series "Notes of a Young Doctor"). The writer is working on the story "Heart of a Dog", plays " White Guard" and "Zoyka's apartment."

In 1926, the play “Days of the Turbins” was staged at the Moscow Art Theater.

In 1927, Mikhail Afanasyevich completed the drama "Running".

From 1926 to 1929, Bulgakov’s play “Zoyka’s Apartment” was staged at the Evgeni Vakhtangov Theater-Studio; in 1928-1929, at the Moscow Chamber Theater"Crimson Island" was rehearsed.

In 1932, the production of "Days of the Turbins" was resumed.

The first one was completed in 1934 full version the novel "The Master and Margarita", including 37 chapters.

Major works

• Throat of Steel (1919)


• White Guard (1922-1924)


• Notes on Cuffs (1923)


• Blizzard (1925)


• Star Rash (1925)


• Zoyka's apartment (1925)


• Cabal of the Saint (1929)


• Baptism by Turning (1925)


• Fatal Eggs (1924)


• Towel with a Rooster (1925)


• The Missing Eye (1925)


• Egyptian Darkness (1925)


• Heart of a Dog (1925)


• Morphine (1926)


• Treatise on Housing. Storybook. (1926)


• Running (1926-1928)


• Crimson Island (1927)


• The Master and Margarita (1928-1940)


• Bliss (1934)


• Ivan Vasilievich (1936)


• Moliere (The Cabal of the Saint, post. 1936)


• Theatrical novel (1936-1937)


• Last days ("Pushkin", 1940)

Today we will talk about such a famous and very popular Russian writer today as Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. Interesting Facts from the life of the author, as well as the features of his work and some biographical dates will become the main topic of this article.

A little from the biography

The writer's life was not characterized by consistency. Today Mikhail Bulgakov could look like a beggar, but tomorrow he became a rich man, thoughtlessly spending money on beautiful companions.

There is a misconception that Bulgakov chose the path of writing quite late - only at the age of 30. However, this statement is far from the truth. The author began writing very early. It is known about his earliest work, “The Adventures of Svetlana,” which was written at the age of 7. On the other hand, if we talk about writing as a full-fledged career, then, of course, Bulgakov did not come to this right away. We must not forget that initially Mikhail Afanasyevich’s career was connected with medicine. Actually, he did not leave medical practice even after he became a famous writer.

Bulgakov graduated from medical university in 1916, after which he was assigned to Smolensk, to take the place of a zemstvo doctor. He was accompanied by his wife Tatyana. Based on the memories of these years, the author wrote a series of stories “Notes of a Young Doctor.”

But the path that Bulgakov took was not as prosaic as it might seem. Interesting facts from the writer’s life, which we will present below, will allow you to verify this.

Features of creativity

In the 1920s it was received very negatively by critics. Largely due to the fact that the writer did not support Soviet ideas and did not glorify the new regime. For example, the play “Running” was not staged because critics called it anti-Soviet.

The writer publicly declared that he prefers evolution to revolution. It is not surprising that Bulgakov’s house was searched more than once by NKVD officers, and the writer himself was persecuted almost all his life.

Selling your soul

He showed some interest in all sorts of mystical subjects in the mythology and literature of Bulgakov. Interesting facts from the author's life include the time when he was fascinated by the opera Faust. Bulgakov attended performances at the Bolshoi Theater several times. The author especially liked the image of the main character himself, Faust, and the associated motive of selling his soul.

Soon Bulgakov was forced to agree to Stalin's proposal to write a play glorifying him. After this, Mikhail Afanasyevich began to compare himself with Faust - he also had to “sell his soul to the devil.”

Missing Character

Bulgakov was a very unique person (interesting facts from life testify to this). For example, in 1937, several writers were supposed to present a number of plays dedicated to the anniversary of the death of A.S. Pushkin. Bulgakov was one of these writers and also presented his play, entitled “Alexander Pushkin”. However, what was the surprise of the audience when the main character never appeared on stage.

Bulgakov considered that it would be tasteless and vulgar to bring an actor on stage dressed in the costume of the great Russian writer. Therefore, the author considered it unacceptable for “Pushkin” to appear on stage.

Treasure

Mikhail Bulgakov's "Treasure" is, of course, primarily associated with the novel "The White Guard". The fact is that he described his Kiev house in great detail in the work, making it one of key places actions. The heroes hid treasures in this house. Many readers took this as truth. Therefore, the house was soon dismantled, literally brick by brick. By this time, Bulgakov no longer appeared to its owners, but this fact was perceived extremely negatively by the new owners.

However, despite all efforts, the treasure was never discovered. And all that was left of the house was the foundation.

Beloved

It’s strange, but not everyone knows that the novel “The Master and Margarita” was dedicated to the beloved author of Nuremberg, Elena Sergeevna. This woman was Bulgakov's last lover. At the time of the meeting, both already had families, so the relationship brought not only happiness, but also suffering.

Bulgakov began writing the novel in 1929, and several years before that he was given the book “Venediktov, or Memorable Events of My Life” by A. Chayanov. The main characters of this book were the devil and a student with the surname Bulgakov, who is forced to fight with the prince of darkness for the soul of his beloved. The story ended with the union of lovers. It is believed that this arbitrariness became the impetus for writing “The Master and Margarita.”

Woland

"The Master and Margarita" is the most famous work of all that Bulgakov wrote. Biography, interesting facts and creative features are therefore very often associated with this particular creation. In this regard, one cannot ignore the figure of Woland. Bulgakov borrowed the name for his Mephistopheles from Goethe's poem "Faust". This is what the devil called himself when he asked evil spirits to give him a way.

The first edition of The Master and Margarita contains a detailed description of Woland, which took 15 pages. However, Bulgakov removed this listing of all signs from the publication, and at the moment this part of the novel is considered almost lost.

In addition, in some drafts the name Astaroth appears along with Woland. However, later Bulgakov abandoned this name, perhaps because Astaroth is called a powerful demon, but not the lord of hell.

"Dog" by Bulgakov

The well-known story “Heart of a Dog” has the following widespread interpretation: Sharikov is a typical representative of the lumpen proletariat, who, having received power, begins to exterminate his own kind. However, there is a lesser-known interpretation.

So, Sharikov (second name Chugunkin) is Stalin, since both have an “iron” surname. Professor Preobrazhensky - Lenin, who transformed the entire country (the professor’s discovery is compared to the change political system). Doctor Bormenthal is Trotsky, as he is constantly in conflict with Sharikov-Stalin. Shvonder is Kamenev, and Zina is Zinoviev, etc.

Cat Behemoth

This is another wonderful character that Bulgakov came up with. The biography (including interesting facts) suggests that Behemoth had a real prototype.

However, he was not a cat, but Bulgakov’s beloved black dog named Behemoth. The animal was distinguished by its intelligence, and the author was attached to it.

“Ivan Vasilyevich is changing his profession”

In 1934, Mikhail Bulgakov wrote the play “Ivan Vasilyevich,” which is widely known today. When the work was first written, many were afraid that it would not be staged due to the strong resemblance between Ivan the Terrible and Stalin.

This turned out to be true. Viewers saw the play only in 1973, when the director took up the film adaptation. He tried to preserve the original plot as much as possible, but the realities of the 30s of the 20th century had to be changed to the 70s. Nevertheless, the film was a dizzying success.

Bulgakov's House

Or “Bulgakov House” is a famous museum-theater in Moscow, located on Bolshaya Sadovaya, in house number 10. The writer lived here from 1921 to 1924.

The museum presents an exhibition dedicated to the life and work of Bulgakov, which is permanent. In addition, the museum hosts various exhibitions dedicated to the writer. Often they even occupy space outside the apartment - a landing on the stairs, a summer veranda, a courtyard.

On May 15, 1891, Mikhail Bulgakov was born. His name is shrouded in mystery, and scientists cannot decipher his novel “The Master and Margarita” to this day. We talk about the most interesting facts from the life of the writer.

In contact with

Classmates

Mikhail Bulgakov actually trained as a doctor and practiced medicine for quite a long time. After graduating from medical university in 1916, student Mikhail Bulgakov was assigned as a zemstvo doctor to Smolensk, where he went with his first wife Tatyana. A year later, Bulgakov took morphine for the first time. Full time job with diphtheria patients, she forced the young doctor to take anti-diphtheria drugs, which in turn unexpectedly provoked a severe allergy, to relieve the pain Bulgakov used morphine. According to some reports, he could not refuse the life-saving and deadly drug for the rest of his life.

On the very first day of service in the hospital, a woman in labor came to see the young doctor Bulgakov, accompanied by her husband, who, waving a loaded pistol, threatened Bulgakov: “If she dies, I will kill her!” The story, fortunately, ended well.

Missing Character

In 1937, on the anniversary of the death of A.S. Pushkin, several active playwrights presented plays dedicated to the poet to the attention of the general public, among them was Bulgakov. True, unlike his colleagues, he decided to win over sophisticated critics with his originality. Considering that a play about Pushkin could well do without one character, he immediately excluded him. Bulgakov believed that the appearance of this actor on stage it will be vulgar and tasteless. The missing character was Alexander Sergeevich himself. This play is played in theaters across the country to this day.

Treasure in the Turbins' house

In the novel “The White Guard,” Bulgakov quite accurately depicted the Turbins’ house; he took his memories from his youth as a basis - the descriptions fully corresponded to the house where he himself lived in Kyiv. True, there was one detail in the novel that did not exist in reality, but, nevertheless, greatly ruined the life of the owners of the house. The fact is that after familiarizing themselves with the writer’s work, the owners almost completely destroyed the building in an attempt to find the treasure described in “The White Guard.” It is quite natural that the unlucky treasure hunters were left with nothing.

Margarita and her prototype

She is the prototype of Margarita from the famous novel, and the Master, as you might guess, is Bulgakov himself. In the society where Bulgakov moved, Shilovskaya was treated ambiguously. Of course, the times of the Holy Inquisition have long since sunk into oblivion, but no one could ban rumors. They were sincerely afraid of Mikhail Afanasyevich, and with him Elena. Of course, after the appearance of a surprisingly realistic text about the devil, which was also called “Satan” in one of the first editions, coupled with the complete absence of problems with the authorities (in comparison with other artists, Bulgakov lived practically in paradise), the writer and his the wife was often accused of having connections with evil spirits.

Woland's story

The cult novel “The Master and Margarita” was originally conceived as an apocryphal “gospel of the devil”, and love line was completely absent from it. Over the years, a simple and at the same time terrible concept became more complex and transformed, absorbing the writer’s fate like a sponge. Woland, the central character of the work, received his name from Goethe's Mephistopheles. True, in the poem “Faust” it sounds only once, when Mephistopheles asks the evil spirits to make way and give him way: “The nobleman Woland is coming!” In the ancient German literature The devil was called by another name - Faland. It also appears in The Master and Margarita, when the variety show employees cannot remember the name of the magician: “...Perhaps Faland?”

By the way, in the first edition, where there was neither the Master nor Margarita, detailed description As many as 15 pages were dedicated to Woland (now this text is irretrievably lost). Those who had a chance to familiarize themselves with the first version had no doubt: such details about the devil could only be written by someone who knows him personally.

There are many legends about the novel “The Master and Margarita”; the longer Bulgakov’s creation lives, the more rumors and all sorts of mystical and eerie details there are. One of the stories associated with the creation of the work is told so often that it is quite likely that it actually happened. We all remember very well the incredibly charming scene with the cat Behemoth, who displeasedly declared to the citizens shocked by his stern appearance: “I’m not being naughty, I’m not bothering anyone, I’m fixing the primus stove.” It turns out that at the moment when Bulgakov was once again editing the episode, a fire suddenly started in the apartment on the floor above. They managed to put out the fire in time, but when trying to find the source of the fire, it turned out that in the kitchen of the writer’s neighbors, a very ordinary primus stove caught fire.

In contact with

Life and work of M.A. Bulgakov is covered with a mystical aura. This is one of the most mysterious writers Russian literature. Continuing in his work the traditions of Gogol, the author also acquired the mystery inherent in Nikolai Vasilyevich.

Perhaps the whole point is that in his work he was not afraid to use images of evil spirits, and perhaps the reason for such a mystification lies elsewhere. short biography Bulgakov will help you understand some incomprehensible and interesting facts from the life of the prose writer, and find out what the cause of death was.

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The life and work of Bulgakov: the beginning of the journey

Mikhail Afanasyevich was born in Kyiv, in the family of an associate professor at the Theological Academy. Total in the family where the future one was born great writer Bulgakov had seven children. My father studied Western religious beliefs and was an expert on this topic. During his childhood, Mikhail Bulgakov received an excellent home education.

His father forced him to learn several languages, including German, Latin, French and English. After graduating from the Kyiv gymnasium, the writer goes to study to Kyiv University, Faculty of Medicine. A year before graduating from university, Bulgakov marries T.A. Lappa.

In 1916, Mikhail Afanasyevich became a doctor and worked in the Smolensk province. It was while working there that he accumulated his impressions to create the book “Notes of a Young Doctor,” which amazes with the sincerity of its depiction of the everyday life of a county doctor.

These were difficult times, then Bulgakov became addicted to morphine, which turned out to be very difficult to wean off. Here his wife helped him a lot, who helped him get rid of his bad habit.

In 1918, Mikhail Afanasyevich opened his own medical practice for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

During the Civil War, Bulgakov, as a person liable for military service, conscripted into the army. In 1919, he and the whites ended up in Vladikavkaz, where he fell ill and published his first works (feuilletons). Civil War is perceived by the writer as a terrible and fratricidal act. The attitude towards this event is reflected in many works.

In 1921 the writer moves to permanent place residence in Moscow, where Bulgakov lived until his death.

Creativity M.A. Bulgakov

Bulgakov considered one of his main themes to be the representation of the Russian intelligentsia as intellectual elite states. He imagined himself free to criticize absurdities and errors Soviet Russia and believed that this was precisely his duty as a satirist. Bulgakov's first works were feuilletons and collection of stories"Notes of a young doctor." Later the stories “Diaboliad” and “Fatal Eggs” appear. In 1925, the writer completed work on the novel “The White Guard,” which became a story about spiritual path intelligentsia in the revolution.

A year later, based on the novel, the play “Days of the Turbins” was created. Later, “Running” and “Zoyka’s Apartment” were published.

Many works were published only once, and some of Bulgakov's plays were completely banned. The prose writer was persecuted by Soviet critics and politicians. A talented screenwriter was forced to work as a simple stage worker.

To remove government disgrace from himself, Bulgakov wrote the play “Batum”. Afterwards, the author recalls working on this play as a kind of “selling the soul.”

From 1928 until his death, the writer created his main work, novel "The Master and Margarita".

Mikhail Afanasyevich is firmly behind the fame of a “bourgeois writer” was established. Soviet critics could not forgive him for his disdainful and sarcastic attitude towards the foundations of the Soviet country. This resulted in real persecution. Bulgakov's plays are not allowed to be published, and many of them do not appear on stage during the author's lifetime.

Strongly negative Bulgakov's work was condemned by Stalin. Many works are labeled “anti-Soviet”. The writer’s attitude towards such persecution found expression in the novel “The Master and Margarita”. When the critic Latunsky smashes the Master's work to smithereens, Margarita, taking the guise of a witch, takes revenge on him.

Important! In his work about the revolution, the writer thoroughly described the house where Bulgakov lived in Kyiv. He made it one of the central scenes of the action. According to the plot, the heroes left a treasure in this house. After the novel was published, there were many who wanted to find the treasure. This led to the destruction of the house where Bulgakov lived. Fortunately, it no longer belonged to his family.

Matters of the heart

In 1925 Bulgakov meets new love, he divorces his wife and proposes to L.E. Belozerskaya. She inspires him to write the following works:

• "Dog's heart";
• "Fatal Eggs";
• "Diaboliad"

“Heart of a Dog” provoked a search in the Bulgakovs’ house. The manuscript of the story was taken away, and the writer spent a very long time trying to get it back. As a result, this work was published only half a century later.

The meeting of Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya with Bulgakov became turning point in both of their lives. She was a rich married lady, her husband was a military leader, and Mikhail Afanasyevich at that time was a poor writer, without a hint of future great fame.

But love struck them both. Elena Sergeevna inspired M. Bulgakov to write the main novel of his life, “The Master and Margarita.”

She herself became Margarita. The writer endowed the heroine of the work the features of his beloved. Elena Sergeevna spent time with Mikhail Afanasyevich last years his life. And thanks to her, many works that were banned during the writer’s lifetime saw the light of day.

The last novel

Some time before starting work on his final work, Bulgakov read the book “Venediktov, or Memorable Events of My Life”, the plot of this book is a confrontation young man and the devil, gave him the idea of ​​a similar work. The novel “The Master and Margarita,” which Bulgakov was the last to write, appeared a unique result of life and creativity Bulgakov.

The product is different interesting composition. Chapters telling about life in Moscow at the end of the 20s alternate with chapters of the Master’s story about Yeshua. The parts dedicated to Moscow have a sharply satirical orientation. Bulgakov ridicules the Soviet bureaucracy, the Soviet system, critically portrays the writers' organization MASSOLIT, in which almost everyone is busy getting benefits.

The center of attention of the writer and readers is undoubtedly Woland. This is an amazing character who personifies justice and retribution for sins. It is known that in the epigraph to the novel Bulgakov wrote lines from Faust. These words of Mephistopheles are called emphasize duality the devil in the writer's understanding.

Woland is the guarantor of justice, the correct judge of people, the creator of good. The worldview of the author of “The Master and Margarita” is largely anti-Christian, but there is a character in the novel who can resist evil spirits and intuitively turns to Russian saints, this is Ivan Bezdomny (Ponyrev).

Attention! The novel “The Master and Margarita” reflected the searching and contradictory soul of M.A. Bulgakov, he grew up and formed as a person in a seething intelligentsia society during the period of change in the existing foundation in Russia. The age of atheism and mass instability left a deep imprint on all of Bulgakov's creations.

Last years

Since 1929, Bulgakov's plays were completely banned. In desperation, he turns to Stalin in a written message and asks for permission to travel abroad, or to soften the conditions under which his work was placed.

Stalin met the writer halfway on this issue. And he had the opportunity to work in theaters.

In the second half of the 30s, Bulgakov began to lose his sight, and his kidney disease worsened. He continues to take morphine as a medicine in order to somehow alleviate his suffering.

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is slowly taking away Mikhail Afanasyevich’s strength. It is known that he inherited this disease from his father, whose death was also caused by this disease. Last time Bulgakov is working on a novel about the Master February 13, almost a month later he will be gone.

Due to the fact that Bulgakov resorted to the theme of evil spirits in his work, there were rumors about him that he had made a deal with the devil himself. The writer was accused of occultism and relationships with evil spirits. Many assumed that this was the cause of death. Another version, which was widely supported by people, was that the writer was an avid morphine addict, and this is what brought him to his grave. In the death of Bulgakov saw something mystical.

The writer's funeral took place at Novodevichy Cemetery. The place where Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov is buried is located not far from the grave of his beloved Gogol. At the insistence of his wife, instead of a monument, a huge marble block was placed on the grave, which once guarded N.V.’s eternal sleep. Gogol.

Museum

The house in which Bulgakov lived for some time while in Moscow is now a museum that bears the name of Mikhail Afanasyevich. It contains various interesting exhibits, which belonged to the writer. Sometimes the museum organizes exhibitions, and employees tell interesting facts from the life of a genius.

Brief biography of Bulgakov helped us understand the life and work of the prose writer. The novels of Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov have been making readers cry and laugh for many years. His work relatively recently became available to the general public. It’s amazing how a person who endured so many trials and persecutions did not agree to make deals with his conscience and managed not to lose his self-esteem. One can only hope that the place where Bulgakov is buried gave him the very peace that he so dreamed of.

Bulgakov's life and work left an indelible mark in the memory of his contemporaries.

Brief biography of Bulgakov

The story of the life and work of Mikhail Bulgakov