Crimean landscape artists. Famous artists in Crimea

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Great artists of Crimea The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Hovhannes (Ivan) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born into the family of merchant Konstantin (Gevorg) and Hripsime Aivazovsky. July 17 (29), 1817 priest Armenian Church The city of Feodosia recorded that “Hovhannes, son of Gevorg Ayvazyan” was born to Konstantin (Gevorg) Aivazovsky and his wife Hripsime. Aivazovsky’s ancestors were from Galician Armenians who moved to Galicia from Turkish Armenia in the 18th century. Hovhannes was destined to become the most outstanding, world-famous marine painter, battle painter, collector, philanthropist - Ivan Aivazovsky. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Ivan Aivazovsky discovered artistic and musical abilities; in particular, he taught himself to play the violin. Feodosia architect - Kokh Yakov Khristianovich, who was the first to draw attention to artistic ability boy, gave him his first lessons in craftsmanship. After graduating from the Feodosia district school, he was, with the help of the mayor, who at that time was already an admirer of the talent of the future artist, enrolled in the Simferopol gymnasium. Brig "Mercury" after the victory over two Turkish ships, 1848 CHILDHOOD The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Then he was admitted on public account to the Imperial Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg. The first drawing teacher of young Ivan Aivazovsky was the German colonist artist Johann Ludwig Gross, with whose light hand young Ivan Konstantinovich received recommendations to the Academy of Arts. Aivazovsky arrived in St. Petersburg on August 28, 1833. In 1835, for the landscapes “View of the seaside in the vicinity of St. Petersburg” and “Study of air over the sea” he received a silver medal and was assigned as an assistant to the fashionable French landscape painter Philippe Tanner. In September 1837, Aivazovsky received the Big Gold Medal for his painting “Calm.” This gave him the right to a two-year trip to Crimea and Europe. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Crimea and Europe (1838-1844) Lunar landscape with a shipwreck, 1863 In the spring of 1838, the artist went to Crimea, where he spent two summers. He not only wrote seascapes, but also engaged in battle painting and even participated in military operations on the coast of Circassia, where, observing from the shore the landing in the Shakhe River valley, he made sketches for the painting “Detachment landing in the Subashi Valley” (as the Circassians then called this place), painted later at the invitation of the head of the Caucasian coastal line, General Raevsky. The painting was purchased by Nicholas I. At the end of the summer of 1839 he returned to St. Petersburg, where on September 23 he received a certificate of completion of the Academy, his first rank and personal nobility. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Crimea and Europe (1838-1844) In July 1840, Aivazovsky and his friend in the Academy’s landscape class Vasily Sternberg went to Rome. Along the way they stopped in Venice and Florence. In Venice, Ivan Konstantinovich met Gogol, and also visited the island of St. Lazarus, where he met his brother Gabriel. Artist for a long time worked in southern Italy, particularly in Sorrento, and developed a style of work that consisted of working outdoors only for short periods of time, and in the workshop restoring the landscape, leaving wide scope for improvisation. The painting "Chaos" was purchased by Pope Gregory XVI, who also awarded Aivazovsky a gold medal. In general, Aivazovsky’s work in Italy was a success. For his paintings he received a gold medal from the Paris Academy of Arts. The ship "Empress Maria" during a storm, 1892 Presentation by Bogacheva S.S.

Crimea and Europe (1838-1844) At the beginning of 1842, Aivazovsky went to Holland through Switzerland and the Rhine Valley, from there he sailed to England, and later visited Paris, Portugal and Spain. In the Bay of Biscay, the ship on which the artist was sailing was caught in a storm and almost sank, so that reports of his death appeared in Parisian newspapers. The journey as a whole lasted four years. In the autumn of 1844 he returned to Russia. Pushkin's farewell to the sea. The painting was performed by I.K. Aivazovsky together with I.E. Repin, 1877. The presentation was made by S.S. Bogacheva.

In 1844 he became a painter at the Main Naval Staff (without monetary benefits), and from 1847 - a professor at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts; He also belonged to European academies: Rome, Paris, Florence, Amsterdam and Stuttgart. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky painted mainly seascapes; created a series of portraits of Crimean coastal cities. His career was very successful. He was awarded many orders and received the rank of rear admiral. In total, the artist painted more than 6 thousand works. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

From 1845 he lived in Feodosia, where with the money he earned he opened an art school, which later became one of the art centers of Novorossiya, and a gallery (1880), became the founder of the Cimmerian school of painting, and was the initiator of the construction railway"Feodosia - Dzhankoy", built in 1892. He was actively involved in the affairs of the city, its improvement, and contributed to prosperity. He was interested in archeology, dealt with issues of protecting Crimean monuments, took part in the study of more than 80 mounds (some of the items found are stored in the Hermitage storeroom). The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Last days of life The artist died on May 2, 1900 in Feodosia, at the age of eighty-two. On the morning of April 19 (May 2), 1900, Aivazovsky decided to fulfill his long-standing desire - to once again show one of the episodes of the liberation struggle of the Greek rebels with the Turks. For the plot, the painter chose real fact- the heroic feat of the fearless Greek Constantine Canaris, who blew up a Turkish admiral's ship off the island of Chios. During the day the artist almost finished his work. Deep at night, during sleep, sudden death Aivazovsky's life was cut short. The unfinished painting “The Explosion of the Ship” remained on the easel in the studio of the artist, whose house in Feodosia was turned into a museum. Many of his contemporaries gave high praise to the artist’s work, and the artist I.N. Kramskoy wrote: “...Aivazovsky, no matter what anyone says, is a star of the first magnitude, in any case, and not only here, but in the history of art in general...” In 1903, the artist’s widow installed a marble tombstone in the shape of a sarcophagus from a single block of white marble, the author of which is the Italian sculptor L. Biojoli. The words of the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi are written in ancient Armenian: “Born mortal, he left behind immortal memory" The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Gallery Aivazovsky's House, later an art gallery, was designed personally by Aivazovsky in 1845, and in 1880 the artist opened his own showroom. Ivan Konstantinovich exhibited his paintings there, which were supposed to leave Feodosia. This year is officially considered the year the gallery was created. According to his will, the art gallery was donated to Feodosia. In Feodosia, founded by him art gallery, now bearing his name, the artist’s work is most fully represented. The archive of Aivazovsky's documents is stored in the Russian state archive literature and art, State public library them. M. E. Saltykova-Shchedrin (St. Petersburg), State Tretyakov Gallery, Theater Museum them. A. A. Bakhrushina. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

What reminds you of Ivan Aivazovsky in Simferopol? Near Sovetskaya Square, in the park named after P.E. Dybenko, there is a monument to the Aivazovsky brothers: Gabriel and Ivan. The authors of this monument in the capital of Crimea are the architect - V. Kravchenko and the sculptors - L. Tokmadzhyan and his sons. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Nikolai Semenovich Samokish was born on October 13 (25), 1860 in Nizhyn (now Chernihiv region of Ukraine). He graduated from the 4th grade of the Nizhyn Historical and Philological Institute, created on the basis of the Gymnasium of Higher Sciences and the Lyceum of Prince Bezborodko, the famous educational institution, where N.V. Gogol studied. He received his initial artistic skills at the Nizhyn gymnasium from the drawing teacher R.K. Muzychenko-Tsybulsky, from whom he also took private painting lessons. The first attempt to enter the Imperial Academy of Arts failed, but he was admitted as a volunteer to the battle workshop of Professor B. P. Villevalde (1878). After a year of classes, he was accepted as a student. He studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts (1879 - 1885), class of B. P. Villevalde, other famous teachers - P. P. Chistyakov and V. I. Jacobi. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

He quickly began to achieve success. Already in 1881 he received a small gold medal for the painting “Return of the Troops to the People.” In 1882 he published the first album of etchings made under the direction of L. E. Dmitriev-Kavkazsky. The following year, 1883, he received the S. G. Stroganov Prize for the painting “Landowners at the Fair.” In 1884, he was awarded a second small gold medal for the painting “Episode from the Battle of Maly Yaroslavets”, and the painting “Walk” was purchased by P. M. Tretyakov for his gallery. In 1885 for thesis“Russian cavalry returns after attacking the enemy at Austerlitz in 1805” received a large gold medal and title cool artist 1st degree. From 1885 to 1888 he improved in Paris under the guidance of the famous battle painter Edouard Detaille. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

In 1889 he married Elena Petrovna Sudkovskaya (nee Benard). Elena Petrovna Samokish-Sudkovskaya (1863 - 1924) - famous book illustrator, student of V.P. Vereshchagin. She illustrated a lot by A. S. Pushkin. Her illustrations for Ershov’s fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse” are very famous. In 1896, for her drawings for the Coronation Collection, she received the Highest Award and a medal on a blue ribbon. The couple worked together at times, and they both participated in the preparation of an illustrated edition of Gogol’s “Dead Souls” (A. F. Marx’s printing house, 1901). In one of the halls of the Vitebsk station (original name - Tsarskoye Selo), built in 1901-1904, the walls are decorated with panels by N. S. Samokish and E. P. Samokish-Sudkovskaya, dedicated to the history of the Tsarskoe Selo railway. d. Elena Petrovna died in exile, in Paris. N. S. Samokish, “A Herd of Oryol Trotter Queens” (1890). In 1890, for his work “A Herd of Oryol Trotter Queens” (Novo-Tomnikovsky Stud Farm, Tambov Province), he was awarded the title of academician. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

TEACHER He taught all his life from 1894, when he was invited to the Drawing School, where he taught drawing and painting for 23 years. By textbook Russian illustrators are still studying “Pen Drawing” by N. S. Samokish. Full member of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1913), where he taught since 1912, professor, head of the battle class in 1913-1918. He taught at the Academy of Arts until 1918, when the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR abolished the old Academy and created State Free Art Workshops on its basis. He also taught these courses before his departure. N. S. Samokish, “Sokolnik”. Illustration for the book by N. I. Kutepov “Grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunting in Rus'”, vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1896). The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

In the 1920s - 1930s he worked in Crimea. In 1918-1921 he lived in Yevpatoria (where he created more than 30 paintings), and from 1922 - in Simferopol. Created his own in Simferopol art studio(studio Samokisha), which became the main regional center art education. Collected and supported talented youth. Among his Simferopol students People's Artist Ukraine Yakov Aleksandrovich Basov (studied with Samokish from 1922 to 1931), Amet Ustaev, Maria Vikentievna Novikova, Mark Domashchenko and many others. Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of Crimea No. 192 of June 28, 1937 “On the reorganization of the studio named after. Academician N. S. Samokish at the State Secondary art school them. Honored Artist Academician N. S. Samokish”, the Crimean Art School was organized on the basis of Samokish’s studio. During German occupation Crimea (1941 - 1944) he remained in Simferopol. The artist died in Simferopol on January 18, 1944. The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

In 1960, one of the streets of Simferopol was also named after Samokish. At house number 32 on this street there is a memorial plaque that reads: “Academician lived in this house in 1922-1944 battle painting N. S. Samokish" How is the memory of the artist N. S. Samokish perpetuated? The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Watching films 1. Nikolai Samokish. From the series “Crimean! Be proud of the past" 2. Ivan Aivazovsky. From the series “Life wonderful people» The presentation was made by Bogacheva S.S.

Did you know that such famous artists as Ivan Aivazovsky, Ivan Shishkin, Ilya Repin, Valentin Serov, Isaac Levitan depicted the Crimean Tatars in their paintings? I have prepared for you a selection of the most bright paintings with Crimean Tatar motifs of these and other Russian artists.

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Hovhannes Ayvazyan – 1817–1900)

Few people know that Aivazovsky spoke the Crimean Tatar language fluently. The artist respected the Crimean Tatars and treated their culture with the same respect.

« Crimean Tatars on the seashore”, 1850. The painting is kept in a private collection.
« Moonlight night in Crimea. Gurzuf", 1839. In early period Aivazovsky writes of his work romantic landscape“Moonlit night in Crimea. Gurzuf." The calm greenish-blue tones used by the artist for this painting emphasize tranquility and poetry. southern night, the beauty of the changing Crimean nature. The moon, caressing the clouds floating over the Gurzuf Bay with its rays, froze over the dormant Ayu-Dag, the Dzhenevez-Kaya rock with the ruins of an ancient fortress, a small cape at its base, and the white twin rocks of Adalar, which rolled into the sea from the Crimean mountains millions of years ago. Moonlight spills across the sky, turning the surface of the water into a golden mirror, reflecting the mountains and ships standing in the bay.

“Crimean view. Ayu-Dag", 1865

"Coast. Crimean coast near Ai-Petri", 1890

Nikanor Grigorievich Chernetsov (1804–1879) at the beginning of 1833, he was assigned to the service of Count Mikhail Vorontsov, who was at that time the Novorossiysk and Bessarabian governor-general. The artist travels to Crimea, where Vorontsov’s estates were located, and returns from there only in 1836. Your impressions of the unusual sunny southern nature, with its bright rich colors Chernetsov was able to convey something so different from cold St. Petersburg in the many sketches and watercolors he created at that time.

"Tatar courtyard in Crimea", 1839

"View of the Karales Valley", 1839

Isaac Ilyich Levitan (1860–1900) in the spring of 1886 he went to the Crimea to rest and improve his precarious health: he had a weak heart. He visited Yalta, Massandra, Alupka, Simeiz, Bakhchisarai. The sultry Crimean nature amazed Levitan. Many believe that it was Levitan who first discovered the beauty of southern Crimea.

“Saklya in Alupka”, 1886

"The Source", 1886

"Street in Yalta", 1886

"Cypress trees near the mosque", 1886

Fyodor Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1850–1873). An aggravated illness (pulmonary tuberculosis) forced him to go first to the Kharkov province, and then to the Crimea. At the end of July 1871, Vasiliev arrived in Yalta with his mother and younger brother. He felt like a stranger in this city and suffered painfully from loneliness, longing for his native northern nature. Gradually, the artist fell in love with Crimea, especially its mountains. For the painting “In the Crimean Mountains” he received first prize at the competition of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists (1873). I.N. Kramskoy called this landscape “one of the most poetic landscapes in general...”.

"In the Crimea after the rain", 1871–1873.

"In the Crimean Mountains", 1873

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832–1898) He visited the Crimea several times and left several local landscapes, as well as many unfinished pencil sketches.

"Saklya"

"In the mountains of Gurzuf"

Ilya Efimovich Repin (1844–1930) arrived in Crimea in the spring of 1880 with his younger friend and student, the future famous painter, Valentin Serov. It seemed to Repin that it was in Crimea that he would hear and find traces of distant echoes of past battles. However, probably because he came there with a clearly defined purpose, Crimea with its noisy resorts disappointed the artist. He was not interested in either the vibrant Crimean nature, the magnificent architecture of the cities, or other attractions. And the painter, having painted several sketches of Tatars and Gypsies, heads to Odessa, where he continues to find and sketch objects of Cossack life.

"Crimea. Conductor", 1880

Valentin Aleksandrovich Serov (1865–1911) he came to Crimea several times: first with Ilya Repin, when he was 15 years old, then with Vladimir Derviz, and in the summer of 1893 he rented a dacha. Here, under the impression of local residents and nature, he creates “Tatar Village in Crimea” and “Iphigenia in Tauris,” written based on the plot of an ancient Greek tragedy.

"Tatar village in Crimea", 1893

“Tatar women by the river”, 1893

Ilya Ivanovich Mashkov(1881–1941) – famous Russian artist. Born in 1881 in the village of Mikhailovskaya-on-Don. One of the most prominent representatives of the Russian avant-garde. He worked in the following genres: realism, cubism, post-impressionism, popular print, etc.

"Bakhchisarai", 1920s.

Nina Konstantinovna Zhaba (1872–1942) in 1906 she came to Bakhchisarai just for sketches. But as a result, she gave part of her soul to Bakhchisarai by marrying local resident and settled here for years. After tragic death husband shot in Civil War, Nina Zhaba moved to her brother in Leningrad, where she died during the siege in 1942.

“Old Tatar man with a pipe”

"Tatar woman with yarn"

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Crimean artists

Features of Crimea

The influence of Crimea on artists

Famous artists of Crimea and themes of their works

Crimea, by its nature and beauty, has always attracted people of art. These were artists and poets, directors, actors, musicians. Everyone went to Crimea for vacation and for inspiration. The landscapes of the peninsula delighted them all. Today's post is about artists whose paintings are in one way or another connected with this amazing place.

Friedrich Gross. A name that they unfairly tried to forget. Now the work of the hereditary German artist born in Simferopol can be seen in the Crimean Republican local history museum. There are few works left that have survived to this day.
Friedrich decided to travel all over Crimea in search of picturesque and inaccessible places. Some time later in one of the newspapers they wrote: “Living among luxurious nature, he early felt an attraction to painting and passionately devoted himself to this noble art. He spent four summers in a row on the southern coast of Crimea... Transferring to paper everything that struck his eyes, and thus collecting a rich collection of the most picturesque views of the Crimea.” According to rumors, he was supported by the patron of the arts of that time, Count Vorontsov.

“View in Crimea on the Kacha River”, 1854 oil on canvas; 39x48; lower right corner "N. Chernetsov 1854" The work was exhibited at the exhibition "Russian and Ukrainian art of the 19th - 20th centuries from private collections", held at the Kiev Museum of Russian Art, and published in the exhibition catalog of the same name. Kyiv, 2003

A little earlier, when Crimea had just joined Russia. Such artists as M. M. Ivanov (1748-1823), F. Ya. Alekseev (1753-1824) began to come to the peninsula. An artist also served with the well-known Count Vorontsov. Chernetsov N.G., who painted more than a hundred graphic works in which he depicted cities, towns and other important architectural structures with documentary accuracy.
Also among the first can be attributed Ukrainian artist Orlovsky V.D. (1824-1914). I saw his works in the halls of the Vorontsov Palace), A. I. Meshchersky (1834-1902), Krachkovsky I. E.(1854-1914) and Botkin M. P. (1839-1914).

Italian Carlo Bossoli(1815-1884). His watercolors and gouaches allow you to see Crimea through the eyes of the artist’s contemporaries, and imagine yourself in the place of the discoverer of old Taurida.
A traveler by spirit and an artist by profession, Carlo gained great fame during his lifetime, not without the help of Count Vorontsov.
The artist lived in Odessa and Crimea, and in total he spent 23 years in Russia, but succumbing to the persuasion of his elderly mother, he left for his homeland.

Probably the most famous artist of Crimea is Aivazovsky Ivan Konstantinovich(1817-1900). The artist loved his native land. He traveled all over it. He painted many paintings. He loved the sea most of all, which is what he depicted most often.
In his numerous works, he praised both the beauty of Crimea and its heroic story. The artist’s battle paintings, such as “ Chesme fight», « Sinop battle", "Brig Mercury attacked by two Turkish ships" and others are now known throughout the world. The artist also visited besieged Sevastopol (1854-1855) after which he painted “The Siege of Sevastopol”, “Transition of Russian Troops to the North Side”, “The Capture of Sevastopol”, “Admiral Nakhimov on the bastion of the Malakhov Kurgan, where he was hit by an enemy bullet”, “Place , where Admiral Kornilov was mortally wounded."
Nowadays the artist’s paintings can be seen in Feodosia in the art gallery named after. Aivazovsky.

From a famous Russian landscape artist Kuindzhi Arkhip Ivanovich(1842-1910) there was a dacha in the Crimea near Kikeneiz (now the village of Opolznevoe). He often came to his dacha, where he created his works. He tried to convey the mood of the sea in them, believing that this is the most difficult task for a painter. Arkhip Ivanovich had an equally talented student - Konstantin Bogaevsky.

A native of Feodosia (1872-1943). His first endeavors in painting were approved by Aivazovsky himself and subsequently sent him to study with the artist A. I. Fessler.
For me, Bogaevsky is a great master who surpassed many artists in his skill in depicting the landscapes of the mountainous Crimea. He loved landscapes. Winding rivers, mountains, waterfalls, he conveyed all this in his paintings. In some of his works he refers to the past of Crimea, writes the ruins of ancient cities and monuments. The painting “Tavrosky-fia” most fully and interestingly conveys the artist’s idea of ​​the historical Crimean landscape. in 1933 he was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR.

Voloshin Maximilian Alexandrovich(1877-1932) for a long time turned the landscapes of Koktebel into works of art. The artist paints the same place in Crimea, each time finding something new. This is a rare phenomenon in Russian art.
When creating his beautiful, warm watercolors, Maximilian often signs them with poetic lines, deepening his understanding of the landscape. Voloshin's paintings can be seen in the Feodosia Museum. Aivazovsky, which also presents works by artists Fessler A.I. Latri M.P., Lagorio L.f., Magdesian E.Ya., Krainev V.V., Barsamova N. S. and others.

He also lived on the peninsula for some time. Vasiliev Fedor Alexandrovich(1850-1873) in the city of Yalta. It took him a while to get used to it bright colors Crimea, for him it happened gradually. Vasiliev’s last landscape was the painting “In the Crimean Mountains”.

I came to Crimea only twice Levitan Isaac Ilyich(1860-1900). During these trips, he created a series of sketches that convey the mood and originality of the Crimean landscape.

Korovin Konstantin Alekseevich(1861-1939) Crimea dazzled with the brightness of its flowers and festive colors. The artist paints landscapes of Sevastopol, Gurzuf, Yalta, etc.
In 1910, he built a dacha-workshop in Gurzuf, and in 1947 it became the House of Creativity named after. Korovin, where allied artists went to rest and work.

The theme of the Crimean peninsula is deeply embedded in creativity Kuprin Alexander Vasilievich(1880-1960). The artist visited many cities of coastal Crimea, painted the streets of Bakhchisarai, mountains, and historical monuments. His first work is considered to be “Deer Mountain”.

Rubo Franz Alekseevich(1856-1928) created a huge canvas (115×4 m) of a panorama dedicated to the first defense of Sevastopol. This canvas shows one of the events of the 349th defense, the reflection of the assault on June 6, 1855. The artist painted many sketches, and the canvas itself was painted in Munich.
During the Second World War, part of the canvas was destroyed and was restored 17 Soviet artists under the leadership of Yakovlev V.N., and subsequently Sokolov-Skalk P.P.

In 1959, the opening of the Diarama “Assault on Sapun Mountain on May 7, 1944” took place in Sevastopol. The canvas has been painted battle painters Marchenko G. I., Maltsev P. T., Prisekin N. S. Some of the participants in the assault were drawn to resemble portraits.

Outstanding master of battle painting Samokish Nikolay Semenovich(1860-1944) was a student of Franz Roubaud. He lived first in Evpatoria, and then in Simferopol.
“Transition of the Red Army through Sivash” (1935) is best work the artist recreates the revolutionary impulse of the soldiers of our army, their mass heroism.
In Simferopol, Samokish created a studio and directed its work. The Simferopol Art School is named after him.

Before the start of the war in Sevastopol Alexandrovich Deineka(1899-1969) created numerous sketches, watercolors, and his own famous painting"Future pilots"

The works of all these masters left us a piece of the past so that we know what Crimea was like before us...