Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 into a wealthy family of nobles. A man of exceptional talent, Alexander Griboedov could play the piano brilliantly, composed music himself, and knew more than five foreign languages. The Russian figure graduated from the Moscow University Noble Boarding School (1803), and then from three departments of Moscow University.
Griboyedov served in military service with the rank of cornet from 1812 to 1816, after which he began to realize himself in the journalistic and literary fields. Among his first works are the comedy “The Young Spouses,” which he translated from French, and “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher.” In 1817, Griboedov joined the Masonic organization “United Friends” and took the post of provincial secretary in the civil service. Griboyedov continues to write, and the comedy “Student” and “Feigned Infidelity” are added to his work. At the same time, the gifted figure met Alexander Pushkin and his entourage.
Griboedov traveled to Persia twice on behalf of the government - in 1818 and 1820. Service in the east weighed heavily on him, and Griboyedov moved to Georgia. During this period, work begins on the most famous work- “Woe from mind.”
In 1826, the Russian writer was accused of belonging to the Decembrists. Griboyedov remained under investigation for about 6 months. But his involvement in the conspiracy could not be proven, and Griboyedov was released.
In 1828, he married Nina Chavchavadze, but their marriage was short-lived: Alexander Sergeevich was killed by a rioting crowd on January 30, 1829 during a visit of the Russian embassy to Tehran.
Biography 2
A great writer, competent diplomat, musician and composer is not full list merits of Alexander Griboyedov. An inquisitive boy of noble origin. The best scientists of that time were involved in his upbringing and training.
Sasha's abilities knew no bounds; he easily mastered six foreign languages. Since childhood, he played musical instruments and wrote poetry.
He really wanted to prove himself in combat conditions, and he enlisted in the hussar regiment, but the war with Napoleon had already begun to end, much to Alexander’s chagrin. So he was never able to take part in the fighting.
His mother, Anastasia Fedorovna, saw her son as an official, but Griboyedov did not want to serve at all, it seemed boring to him. At this time he became interested in theater and literature, writing comedies. Young and hot, he soon gets into trouble and becomes a second. Duels at that time were not only prohibited, but you could go to prison for participating in them. Anastasia Fedorovna did a lot to save her son from imprisonment. And he had to leave Russia and go to Persia.
Being in foreign lands, Alexander was very bored. After some time, he seeks a transfer to Georgia. Here he begins to write his famous comedy. At the same time, he writes poetry and plays and continues to study music.
Alexander Griboyedov not only knew Ivan Krylov, he read “Woe from Wit” to him. The great fabulist liked the work, but he said with regret that the censorship would not let it pass. This turned out to be true. Moreover, the play was not only banned from being staged in the theater. But also print. It had to be rewritten secretly.
Soon Alexander returned to the Caucasus, where he continued to serve at Ermolov’s headquarters. At this time, the Decembrist uprising occurred. Griboyedov comes under suspicion and is arrested.
Before in last time Alexander got married to go on a diplomatic mission to the capital of Iran. The happiness of the young did not last long, only a few weeks. Going on another business trip, no one could have imagined that it would be the last.
It took half a century for people to start talking about Griboyedov and his role as a diplomat, writer and just a person.
Option 3
A.S. Griboyedov is an outstanding Russian playwright, poet, composer and pianist. He was considered one of the smartest and most educated people of his time. He did a lot of useful things for Russia in the diplomatic field.
He was born in 1795. He was a representative of an old wealthy family. The mother, a harsh and domineering woman, loved her son very much. He answered her in kind. However, conflicts often arose between them.
Alexander's learning abilities manifested themselves in childhood. Already at the age of six he could communicate fluently in 3 foreign languages, and by teenage years mastered 6 languages. At first he received an excellent home education under the guidance of experienced tutors, then he was enrolled in the Moscow University boarding school. Further, having graduated from the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University, a thirteen-year-old teenager receives a Candidate of Science degree. Then he continued his studies at the Faculty of Law, after which he received a candidate of laws degree at the age of 15.
Having become interested in mathematics and natural sciences, he not only diligently attended lectures, but also took private lessons from some scientists, because he wanted to obtain a doctorate degree. He also managed to engage in literary creativity, but, unfortunately, he early works not preserved.
In 1812 because of the beginning Patriotic War Griboyedov leaves his studies and literary studies and, under the influence of patriotic ideas, enlists in the hussars. But he did not have the chance to fight, since his regiment was sent to the rear. Soon Alexander was appointed adjutant to the commander and transferred to Brest-Litovsk.
In 1814 publishes his articles for the first time. Begins to write for the theater. In 1815 resigns, and after 2 years enters the civil service at the College of Foreign Affairs.
Living in St. Petersburg, Griboyedov takes an active part in the activities of the literary and theater circle. Writes and publishes several comedies.
In 1818 receives appointment to the post of secretary of the Russian mission in Iran. Keeps travel notes. Shooting with A.I. in Tiflis Yakubovich. After this duel, a finger on his left hand was forever mutilated.
In Iran, he is working for the release of captured Russian soldiers and personally accompanies their detachment to their homeland. In 1820 begins work on the play "Woe from Wit".
Since 1822 to 1823 serves under General Ermolov. He writes musical vaudeville, which premiered in 1824. Leaves the service. He is trying to get “Woe from Wit” published and staged, but to no avail.
In 1825 returns to service. In 1826 was arrested in the Caucasus. He was accused of having connections with the Decembrists, but no evidence was found, so he was released.
In 1828 Griboyedov married, and in 1829. was killed by religious fanatics in Tehran.
Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.
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Childhood and studies
The boy's mother was involved in his education. She was a swaggering and proud representative of the upper class, but at the same time she had more than enough intelligence and practicality. Nastasya Fedorovna understood perfectly well that a high position in society and career advancement can be achieved not only by connections and origin, but also by a person’s level of education. Therefore, in the Griboedov family it was a priority. Mom hired the best French tutors for Alexander, and sometimes invited professors for lessons. Even in my childhood, contained in this article) I read more books than an ordinary person can handle in a lifetime.
In 1803, the boy was sent to the Noble boarding school, and three years later he entered Moscow University. Before 1812, Alexander graduated from the verbal and legal departments. The outbreak of the war did not allow him to complete his studies at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.
Even at the university, everyone around him recognized the future playwright as the most educated person. He knew everything perfectly world classics, read and spoke fluently in several languages, composed music and played the piano masterfully.
Military service
Biography of Griboedov, summary which is known to all fans of his work, was marked in 1812 by an important event. To protect the Fatherland, Alexander voluntarily enlisted in the hussar regiment. But while its formation was taking place, Napoleon’s army was thrown far from Moscow. And soon she returned to Europe altogether.
Despite this, Alexander Sergeevich still decided to remain in the army. His regiment was transferred to the most remote regions of Belarus. These years almost disappeared from the writer’s life. He will regret them in the future. On the other hand, many of his colleagues became the prototypes of the heroes of the comedy “Woe from Wit.” In 1815, the writer realizes that he can no longer exist in the army environment and plans to complete his service.
Life in St. Petersburg
Griboyedov's biography, a brief summary of which was known to the playwright's contemporaries, changed dramatically with his move to St. Petersburg in 1816. Here he became close to advanced people of that time and imbued with their ideas. Alexander Sergeevich then found many new friends, who in the future became organizers of secret communities. In secular salons, the writer shone with his cynicism and cold wit. He was drawn to the theatrical stage. During that period, he wrote and translated a lot for the comedy theater. Also, thanks to the necessary acquaintances, Griboyedov was able to get a job. The writer’s measured life was disrupted by his participation in a duel, which ended in the death of his opponent. His mother’s connections allowed him to go on a diplomatic mission away from the capital.
Service in the Caucasus and Persia
In 1819, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, whose biography is rich interesting events, arrived for duty in Tehran. There he received many new impressions, met with local princes, courtiers, wandering poets and ordinary people. The service was uncomplicated, and Griboedov had enough time for self-education and literary creativity. He read a lot and honed his knowledge of Arabic and Persian. Also, to the joy of the playwright, his comedy “Woe from Wit” was written here easily and fruitfully.
At that time, the author committed a simply heroic act - he took Russian prisoners out of the country. Griboyedov’s courage was noted by General Ermolov, who decided that such a person should not vegetate in Persia. Thanks to his efforts, Alexander Sergeevich was transferred to the Caucasus (Tiflis). Here the writer completely completed and edited two acts of the work “Woe from Wit”.
Return to St. Petersburg and arrest
In 1823, Griboyedov’s creative biography, a brief summary of which is well known to high school students, was marked by the completion of the main work of his life - the play “Woe from Wit.” But in attempts to publish it and theatrical production he met with categorical opposition. With great difficulty, the writer agreed with the almanac “Russian Waist” to print several excerpts. The book was also distributed by the Decembrists, who considered it their own “printed manifesto.”
In “Woe from Wit,” classicism and innovation, extensive character development and strict adherence to the canons of comedy construction are intertwined. A significant decoration of the work is the use of aphoristic and precise language. Many lines of the essay quickly became quotable.
Twist of fate
Who knows how Griboedov’s biography, a brief summary of which was described above, would have developed if not for his trip to the Caucasus in 1825. Most likely, the writer would have resigned and plunged headlong into literary activity. But Alexander Sergeevich’s mother took an oath from him to continue his career as a diplomat.
During the Russian-Persian War, the playwright participated in several battles, but he achieved much greater success as a diplomat. Griboedov “bargained” a very profitable peace treaty for Russia and came to St. Petersburg with documents. Alexander Sergeevich hoped to stay at home and finish the works “Georgian Night”, “1812” and “Rodomist and Zenobia”. But the king decided otherwise, and the writer had to return to Persia.
Tragic ending
In mid-1828, Griboyedov left St. Petersburg with great reluctance. He delayed his departure with all his might, as if he felt his death approaching. If not for this trip, the biography could have continued to the delight of the writer’s fans.
The last ray of happiness in the life of Alexander Sergeevich was his ardent love for Nina, the daughter of his friend A. G. Chavchavadze. Passing through Tiflis, he married her, and then headed to Tehran to prepare everything for his wife’s arrival.
As for further events, there are several versions of how Griboyedov died. Biography, death - all this interests admirers of Alexander Sergeevich’s talent. We will list the three most common versions:
- Griboyedov was killed by Muslim fanatics while trying to remove Armenian women from the Shah's harem. The entire Russian mission was destroyed.
- The mission staff, together with the writer, showed disrespect for Persian laws and the Shah. And the rumor about an attempt to remove women from the harem became the last straw that overflowed the Shah’s patience. Therefore, he ordered the murder of the insolent strangers.
- The Russian mission was attacked by religious fanatics incited by British diplomats.
This ends the short biography of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov, who died on January 30, 1829. In conclusion, here are a few facts about the playwright.
The life of a wonderful man
- Griboyedov knew Turkish, Persian, French, Arabic, Latin, English, Greek, Italian and German very well.
- The writer was a member of a large Masonic lodge in St. Petersburg.
- While in the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich used his position and connections to make life easier for the Decembrists. He was even able to smuggle several people out of Siberia.
(1790 or 1795-1829)
Elena Lavrenova
Biography
Russian writer, poet, playwright, diplomat. Alexander Griboyedov was born on January 15 (according to the old style - January 4), 1795 (some sources indicate 1790) in Moscow, into an old noble family. “The noble family of the Griboedovs is of gentry origin. Jan Grzybowski moved to Russia in the first quarter of the 17th century. His son, Fyodor Ivanovich, was a clerk under Tsars Alexei Mikhailovich and Fyodor Alekseevich and was the first to write to Griboedov.” (“Russian Biographical Dictionary”) He spent his childhood in the Moscow house of Alexander’s loving, but wayward and unyielding mother, Nastasya Fedorovna (1768-1839) (Novinsky Boulevard, 17). Alexander and his sister Maria (1792-1856; married to M.S. Durnovo) received a serious education at home: educated foreigners Petrosilius and Ion were tutors, and university professors were invited for private lessons. In 1803, Alexander was assigned to the Moscow Noble University Boarding School. In 1806, Alexander Griboyedov entered the literature department of Moscow University, from which he graduated in 1808 with the title of candidate of literature; continued his studies at the ethical and political department; In 1810 he graduated from law, and then entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. From the moment he studied at the university and throughout his life, Alexander Sergeevich retained his love for history and economic sciences. Upon completion of his education, Griboedov surpassed all his peers in literature and in society: he spoke French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Latin languages, later mastered Arabic, Persian and Turkish. In 1812, before Napoleon's invasion of Russia, Alexander Sergeevich was preparing for the exam for his doctorate.
In 1812, despite his family’s dissatisfaction, Griboyedov signed up as a volunteer cornet in the Moscow hussar regiment, recruited by Count Saltykov, but while it was being organized, Napoleon managed to leave Moscow, and then Russia. The war ended, but Alexander decided to prefer the unattractive cavalry service in the remote corners of Belarus to the career of an official. He spent three years first in the Irkutsk Hussar Regiment, then at the headquarters of the cavalry reserves. In Brest-Litovsk, where cornet Griboyedov was seconded to the headquarters of the reserves and served as an adjutant to the humane and educated cavalry general A.S. Kologrivov, his taste for books and creativity reawakened in him: in 1814 he sent his first articles (“About cavalry reserves” and “Description of the holiday in honor of Kologrivov”). Having visited St. Petersburg in 1815 and prepared his transition to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, Griboedov retired in March 1816.
In 1817, Alexander Griboyedov was enrolled in the College of Foreign Affairs, where he soon began to be in good standing. His first plays were published and staged in St. Petersburg, he met A.S. Pushkin, V.K. Kuchelbecker, P.Ya. Chaadaev. Griboyedov's official position almost spoiled his participation as a second in the duel between Sheremetev and Zavadovsky, which outraged everyone with the bitterness of the opponents: according to some assumptions, after this duel a duel between the seconds should have taken place. At the insistence of his mother, in order to allow the gossip to subside and soften the anger of his superiors, Alexander Griboyedov had to temporarily leave St. Petersburg and, against his will, he was provided with the position of secretary of the embassy in Persia. On March 4, 1819, Griboyedov entered Tehran, but a significant part of the service took place in Tabriz. The duties were simple, which made it possible to intensively study Persian and Arabic. Periodically, Griboyedov had to travel to Tiflis on business errands; once he took out of Persia and returned to their homeland a group of Russian prisoners unjustly detained by the Persian authorities. This enterprise brought Griboedov to the attention of the commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, Alexei Petrovich Ermolov (1777-1861), who recognized in him rare talents and an original mind. Ermolov achieved the appointment of Alexander Griboedov as secretary for foreign affairs under the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, and from February 1822 he began serving in Tiflis. Here work continued on the play “Woe from Wit,” which had begun even before his appointment to Persia.
After 5 years of stay in Iran and the Caucasus, at the end of March 1823, having received a vacation (first short, and then extended and generally covering almost two years), Griboyedov arrived in Moscow, and in 1824 - in St. Petersburg. The comedy, completed in the summer of 1824, was banned by tsarist censorship and on December 15, 1825, only fragments were published in F.V. Bulgarin’s almanac “Russian Waist”. In order to promote their ideas, the Decembrists began to distribute “Woe from Wit” in tens of thousands of lists (in January 1825, the list of “Woe from Wit” was brought to Pushkin in Mikhailovskoye). Despite Griboyedov’s skeptical attitude towards the military conspiracy of the future Decembrists and doubts about the timeliness of the coup, among his friends during this period were K.F. Ryleev, A.A. Bestuzhev, V.K. Kuchelbecker, A.I. Odoevsky. In May 1825, Griboyedov again left St. Petersburg for the Caucasus, where he learned that on December 14 the Decembrist uprising was defeated.
In connection with the opening of the case about the Decembrists, in January 1826, Alexander Griboyedov was arrested in the Grozny fortress; Ermolov managed to warn Griboedov about the arrival of the courier with the order to immediately take him to the investigative commission, and all incriminating papers were destroyed. On February 11, he was delivered to St. Petersburg and put in the guardhouse of the General Staff; Among the reasons was that during interrogations 4 Decembrists, including S.P. Trubetskoy and E.P. Obolensky, named Griboyedov among the members of the secret society and in the papers of many of those arrested they found lists of “Woe from Wit”. He was under investigation until June 2, 1826, but because... It was not possible to prove his participation in the conspiracy, and he himself categorically denied his involvement in the conspiracy, he was released from arrest with a “cleansing certificate.” Despite this, Griboyedov was under secret surveillance for some time. In September 1826, Griboyedov continued his diplomatic activities, returning to Tbilisi. Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich (1782-1856), married to Alexander Griboedov's cousin Elizaveta Alekseevna (1795-1856), was appointed commander-in-chief in the Caucasus. Griboyedov returned to the Caucasus reluctantly and seriously thought about retirement, but his mother’s requests forced him to continue serving.
At the height of the Russian-Iranian war, Griboedov is entrusted with managing relations with Turkey and Iran. In March 1828 he arrived in St. Petersburg, delivering the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty, which was beneficial for Russia, which brought it significant territory and a large indemnity. Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov took a direct part in the negotiations with Abbas Mirza and the signing of the agreement. The concessions were made by the Persians against their will and Griboyedov, rightly proud of his success, did not hide his fears of revenge and the imminent resumption of the war.
In April 1828, Griboyedov, who enjoyed a reputation as a specialist in Persian affairs, was appointed plenipotentiary resident minister (ambassador) to Iran. Despite the reluctance to go to Persia, it was impossible to refuse the appointment due to the categorically stated desire of the emperor. During his years of service in the East, Griboyedov took a closer look at the Eastern way of life and way of thinking, and the prospect of a long life that opened up to him in one of the centers of stagnation, arbitrariness and fanaticism did not arouse in him any particular desire to begin fulfilling new duties; he treated the appointment as a political exile.
On the way to his destination, Griboyedov spent several months in Georgia. In August 1828, while in Tiflis, he married his friend’s daughter, Georgian poet and Major General Alexander Garsevanovich Chavchavadze (1786-1846), - Princess Nina Chavchavadze (1812-1857), whom he knew as a girl. Despite the fever that did not leave him during the marriage ceremony, Alexander Sergeevich, perhaps, experienced happy love for the first time, experiencing, in his words, such a “novel that leaves far behind the most bizarre stories of fiction writers famous for their imagination.” The young wife has just turned sixteen. After recovery, he took his wife to Tabriz and went without her to Tehran to prepare everything there for her arrival. On December 9, 1828 they saw each other for the last time. One of the stories speaks about the tenderness with which he treated his little “Murilyov shepherdess,” as he called Nina. last letters to Nina (December 24, 1828, Kazbin): “My priceless friend, I feel sorry for you, I couldn’t be more sad without you. Now I truly feel what it means to love. Previously, I parted with my legs, to which I was also tightly attached, but a day, two, a week - and the melancholy disappeared, now the further away from you, the worse. Let’s endure a few more, my angel, and let’s pray to God that we will never be separated after that.”
Arriving in Tehran, Griboedov sometimes acted in a defiant manner, did not yield in any way to the obstinacy of the Persians, persistently demanding payment of indemnity, violated the etiquette of the Shah's court, showing the Shah himself the least possible respect. All this was done contrary to personal inclinations, and English diplomats took advantage of these mistakes to incite hatred of the ambassador in court spheres. But a more formidable hatred of the Russians, supported by clergy, was kindled among the masses: on market days the ignorant crowd was told that the Russians should be exterminated as enemies of the people's religion. The instigator of the uprising was the Tehran mujshehid (highest cleric) Mesih, and his main accomplices were the ulema. By official version the purpose of the conspiracy was to cause some damage to the Russian mission, and not to massacre. When on the fateful day of February 11 (according to the old style - January 30) 1829, about 100 thousand people gathered (according to the testimony of the Persian dignitaries themselves), and a mass of fanatics rushed to the embassy house, the leaders of the conspiracy lost power over them. Realizing the danger he was exposed to, the day before his death, Griboedov sent a note to the palace, declaring in it that “in view of the inability of the Persian authorities to protect the honor and the very lives of the representatives of Russia, he asks his government to recall him from Tehran.” But it was already too late. The next day there was an almost complete massacre of the Russians (only embassy adviser Maltsov managed to escape); The murder of Griboyedov was especially brutal: his disfigured and mutilated body was found in a pile of corpses. Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was buried in accordance with his wishes on Mount David in Tiflis - near the Monastery of St. David. On gravestone- words of Nina Griboedova: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”
Among the works are plays, poems, journalism, letters: “Letter from Brest Litovsk to the publisher” (1814; letter to the publisher of “Bulletin of Europe”), “On cavalry reserves” (1814, article), “Description of the holiday in honor of Kologrivov” ( 1814, article), “The Young Spouses” (1815, comedy; adaptation of the play by Creuset de Lesser “ Family secret"1807), "One's own family, or a married bride" (1817, comedy; co-authored with A.A. Shakhovsky and N.I. Khmelnitsky: Griboyedov owns five phenomena of the second act), "Student" (1817, comedy; co-authored with P.A. Katenin), “Feigned Infidelity” (1818, play; co-authored with A. Gendre), “Test of Interlude” (1819, play), “Woe from Wit” (1822-1824, comedy; origin of the idea - in 1816, first production - November 27, 1831 in Moscow, first publication, cut by censorship - in 1833, full publication - in 1862), “1812” (drama; excerpts published in 1859), “Georgian Night” (1827-1828, tragedy; publication - 1859), “Special cases of the St. Petersburg flood” (article), “Country trip” (article). Musical works: two waltzes for piano are known.
(Compiler of a short biography of A.S. Griboyedov - Elena Lavrenova)
Bibliography
A.S. Griboyedov "Works". M. "Fiction", 1988
“Russian Biographical Dictionary” rulex.ru (article by Prof. A.N. Veselovsky “Griboyedov”)
Encyclopedic resource rubricon.com (Big Soviet encyclopedia, Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg", Encyclopedia "Moscow", Illustrated encyclopedic dictionary)
Project “Russia Congratulates!”
The beginning of Griboyedov’s creative biography
The famous Russian playwright, author of “Woe from Wit,” Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was born on January 4, 1795 (the year of birth, however, is disputed) into a Moscow noble family. His father, retired Second Major Sergei Ivanovich, a man of little education and humble origins, rarely visited the family, preferring to live in the village or devote himself to a card game that depleted his funds. The mother, Nastasya Fedorovna, who came from another branch of the Griboyedovs, richer and more noble, was a powerful, impetuous woman, known in Moscow for her intelligence and sharpness of tone. She loved her son and daughter, Maria Sergeevna (for two years younger than brother), surrounded them with all sorts of care, gave them an excellent home education.
Portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Artist I. Kramskoy, 1875
Maria Sergeevna was famous in Moscow and far beyond its borders as a pianist (she also played the harp beautifully). Since childhood, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov spoke French, German, English and Italian and played the piano excellently. Prominent teachers were chosen as his tutors: first Petrosilius, compiler of catalogs for the Moscow University library, later Bogdan Ivanovich Ion, a graduate of the University of Göttingen, then studied in Moscow and was the first to receive a doctorate in law at Kazan University. Griboyedov’s further upbringing and education, at home, at school and at university, went under the general guidance famous professor philosopher and philologist I. T. Bule. From early childhood the poet revolved in very cultural environment; together with his mother and sister, he often spent the summer with his wealthy uncle, Alexei Fedorovich Griboyedov, on the famous Khmelity estate in the Smolensk province, where he could meet the families of the Yakushkins, Pestels and other later famous public figures. In Moscow, the Griboedovs were related by family ties to the Odoevskys, Paskeviches, Rimsky-Korsakovs, Naryshkins and were familiar with a huge circle of the capital's nobility.
In 1802 or 1803, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov entered the Moscow University Noble Boarding School; On December 22, 1803, he received "one prize" there at a "smaller age." Three years later, on January 30, 1806, Griboedov was admitted to Moscow University at the age of about eleven. On June 3, 1808, he was already promoted to candidate of literary sciences and continued his education at the Faculty of Law; On June 15, 1810 he received the degree of candidate of rights. Later, he still studied mathematics and natural sciences, and in 1812 he was already “ready to be tested for admission to the rank of doctor.” Patriotism captivated the poet military service, and the field of science was abandoned forever.
On July 26, 1812, Griboyedov enlisted as a cornet in the Moscow hussar regiment of Count P. I. Saltykov. However, the regiment was not included in the active army; all autumn and December 1812 he stood in the Kazan province; in December, Count Saltykov died, and the Moscow regiment was attached to the Irkutsk hussar regiment as part of the cavalry reserves under the command of General Kologrivov. For some time in 1813, Griboyedov lived on vacation in Vladimir, then reported for duty and became adjutant to Kologrivov himself. In this rank, he took part in recruiting reserves in Belarus, about which he published an article in the “Bulletin of Europe” in 1814. In Belarus, Griboyedov became friends - for life - with Stepan Nikitich Begichev, also Kologrivov’s adjutant.
Having not been in a single battle and bored with service in the provinces, Griboyedov submitted his resignation on December 20, 1815 “to be assigned to civil affairs”; On March 20, 1816, he received it, and on June 9, 1817, he was accepted into the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs, where he was listed along with Pushkin and Kuchelbecker. He arrived in St. Petersburg back in 1815 and here he quickly entered social, literary and theatrical circles. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov moved among the members of the emerging secret organizations, participated in two Masonic lodges (“United Friends” and “Good”), became acquainted with many writers, for example, Grechem, Khmelnitsky, Katenin, actors and actresses, for example, Sosnitsky, Semenov, Valberkhov and others. Soon Griboedov also appeared in journalism (with the epigram “From Apollo” and anti-criticism against N. I. Gnedich in defense of Katenin), and in dramatic literature– plays “Young Spouses” (1815), “One’s Own Family” (1817; in collaboration with Shakhovsky and Khmelnitsky), “Feigned Infidelity” (1818), “Test of Interlude” (1818).
Theatrical hobbies and intrigues involved Griboyedov in a difficult story. Because of the dancer Istomina, a quarrel arose and then a duel between V. A. Sheremetev and gr. A.P. Zavadovsky, which ended with the death of Sheremetev. Griboyedov was closely involved in this case, he was even accused as the instigator, and A.I. Yakubovich, a friend of Sheremetev, challenged him to a duel, which did not take place then only because Yakubovich was exiled to the Caucasus. Sheremetev's death had a profound effect on Griboyedov; He wrote to Begichev that “a terrible melancholy came over him, he constantly sees Sheremetev before his eyes, and his stay in St. Petersburg became unbearable for him.”
Griboyedov in the Caucasus
It happened that around the same time, Griboyedov’s mother’s means had become greatly weakened, and he had to seriously think about serving. At the beginning of 1818, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs organized a Russian representation at the Persian court. S.I. Mazarovich was appointed Russian attorney under the Shah, Griboedov was appointed secretary under him, and Amburger was appointed clerk. At first Griboyedov hesitated and refused, but then accepted the appointment. Immediately, with his characteristic energy, he began to study Persian and Arabic with prof. Demange and sat down to study literature about the East. At the very end of August 1818, Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov left St. Petersburg; On the way, he stopped in Moscow to say goodbye to his mother and sister.
Griboyedov and Amburger arrived in Tiflis on October 21, and here Yakubovich immediately challenged Griboedov to a duel again. It took place on the morning of the 23rd; the seconds were Amburger and N. N. Muravyov, famous Caucasian figure. Yakubovich shot first and wounded Griboyedov in the left hand; then Griboyedov shot and missed. The opponents immediately reconciled; The fight went well for Griboyedov, but Yakubovich was expelled from the city. The diplomatic mission remained in Tiflis until the end of January 1819, and during this time Griboedov became very close to A.P. Ermolov. Conversations with the “proconsul of the Caucasus” left a deep impression on Griboyedov’s soul, and Ermolov himself fell in love with the poet.
In mid-February, Mazarovich and his retinue were already in Tabriz, the residence of the heir to the throne, Abbas Mirza. Here Griboyedov first met the British diplomatic mission, with which he was always on friendly terms. Around March 8, the Russian mission arrived in Tehran and was solemnly received by Feth Ali Shah. In August of the same 1819, she returned to Tabriz, her permanent residence. Here Griboedov continued his studies in oriental languages and history, and here he first put down on paper the first plans for “Woe from Wit.” According to the Gulistan Treaty of 1813, the Russian mission had the right to demand from the Persian government the return to Russia of Russian soldiers - prisoners and deserters who served in the Persian troops. Griboyedov ardently took up this matter, found up to 70 such soldiers (sarbazov) and decided to bring them to Russian borders. The Persians were angry about this and hindered Griboedov in every possible way, but he insisted on his own and in the fall of 1819 he led his detachment to Tiflis. Ermolov greeted him kindly and presented him with a reward.
Griboedov spent Christmastide in Tiflis and on January 10, 1820, set off on the return journey. Having visited Etchmiadzin on the way, he established friendly relations with the Armenian clergy there; in early February he returned to Tabriz. At the end of 1821, war broke out between Persia and Turkey. Griboyedov was sent by Mazarovich to Ermolov with a report on Persian affairs and on the way he broke his arm. Referring to the need for long-term treatment in Tiflis, he asked, through Ermolov, his ministry to appoint him as secretary for foreign affairs under Alexei Petrovich, and the request was respected. From November 1821 to February 1823, Griboyedov lived in Tiflis, often traveling with Ermolov around the Caucasus. With N. N. Muravyov, Griboyedov studied oriental languages, and shared his poetic experiences with V. K. Kuchelbecker, who arrived in Tiflis in December 1821 and lived until May 1822. The poet read “Woe from Wit” to him, scene by scene, as they were gradually created.
Return of Griboyedov to Russia
After Kuchelbecker left for Russia, Griboyedov became very homesick and, through Ermolov, applied for a vacation to Moscow and St. Petersburg. At the end of March 1823, he was already in Moscow, with his family. Here he met with S. N. Begichev and read to him the first two acts of “Woe from Wit,” written in the Caucasus. The second two acts were written in the summer of 1823 at Begichev’s estate, in the Tula province, where a friend invited Griboyedov to stay. In September, Griboyedov returned to Moscow with Begichev and lived in his house until the following summer. Here he continued to work on the text of the comedy, but had already read it in literary circles. Together with the book. P. A. Vyazemsky Griboyedov wrote the vaudeville “Who is brother, who is sister, or deception after deception,” with music by A. N. Verstovsky.
From Moscow, Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov moved to St. Petersburg (in early June 1824) in order to achieve censorship permission for “Woe from Wit.” A brilliant reception awaited Griboyedov in the northern capital. He met here with ministers Lansky and Shishkov, member of the State Council Count Mordvinov, Governor General Count Miloradovich, Paskevich, was introduced to Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich. He read his comedy in literary and artistic circles, and soon the author and the play became the center of everyone's attention. It was not possible to bring the play to the stage, despite influential connections and efforts. The censorship only allowed passages into print (act 7–10 and the third act, with large cuts). But when they appeared in the almanac F. V. Bulgarina“Russian Waist for 1825”, this caused a whole stream of critical articles in St. Petersburg and Moscow magazines.
The brilliant success of the comedy brought Griboedov a lot of joy; This also included a passion for the dancer Teleshova. But in general the poet was in a gloomy mood; he was visited by attacks of melancholy, and then everything seemed to him in a gloomy light. To get rid of this mood, Griboyedov decided to go on a trip. It was impossible to go abroad, as he thought at first: his official leave was already overdue; then Griboyedov went to Kyiv and Crimea to return to the Caucasus from there. At the end of May 1825, Griboyedov arrived in Kyiv. Here he eagerly studied antiquities and admired nature; of my acquaintances met with members of the secret Decembrist society: Prince Trubetskoy, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Sergei and Artamon Muravyov. Among them, the idea arose to involve Griboyedov in secret society, but the poet was then too far from political interests and hobbies. After Kyiv, Griboyedov went to Crimea. For three months he traveled the entire peninsula, enjoying the beauty of the valleys and mountains and studying historical monuments.
Griboyedov and the Decembrists
The gloomy mood, however, did not leave him. At the end of September, through Kerch and Taman, Griboedov traveled to the Caucasus. Here he joined the detachment of the general. Velyaminova. In the fortification of the Stone Bridge, on the Malka River, he wrote the poem “Predators on Chegem,” inspired by the recent attack of the mountaineers on the village of Soldatskaya. By the end of January 1826, the following people gathered in the Grozny fortress (now Grozny) from different parts: Ermolov, Velyaminov, Griboyedov, Mazarovich. Here Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was arrested. In the commission of inquiry into the case of the Decembrists, Prince. Trubetskoy testified on December 23: “I know from the words Ryleeva“that he received Griboedov, who is under General Ermolov”; then book Obolensky named him on the list of members of the secret society. The courier Uklonsky was sent for Griboedov; he arrived in Grozny on January 22 and presented Ermolov with an order for the arrest of Griboedov. They say that Ermolov warned Griboedov so that he could destroy some papers in a timely manner.
On January 23, Uklonsky and Griboyedov left Grozny, on February 7 or 8 they were in Moscow, where Griboedov managed to see Begichev (they tried to hide the arrest from his mother). On February 11, Griboedov was already sitting in the guardhouse of the General Headquarters in St. Petersburg, together with Zavalishin, the Raevsky brothers and others. Both during the preliminary interrogation by General Levashov, and then at the Investigative Commission, Griboedov resolutely denied his membership in a secret society and even insisted that he knew absolutely nothing about the plans of the Decembrists. Testimony of Ryleev, A. A. Bestuzheva, Pestel and others were in favor of the poet, and the commission decided to release him. On June 4, 1826, Griboyedov was released from arrest, then received a “cleansing certificate” and travel money (to return to Georgia) and was promoted to court councilor.
Thoughts about the fate of his homeland also constantly worried Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov. During the investigation, he denied his membership in secret societies, and indeed, knowing him, it is difficult to admit this. But he was close to many of the most prominent Decembrists, undoubtedly, he knew perfectly well the organization of secret societies, their composition, action plans and projects government reforms. Ryleev testified at the investigation: “I had several general conversations with Griboedov about the situation in Russia and gave him hints about the existence of a society aimed at changing the way of government in Russia and introducing constitutional monarchy"; Bestuzhev wrote the same thing, and Griboyedov himself said about the Decembrists: “in their conversations I often saw bold judgments about the government, in which I myself took part: I condemned what seemed harmful and wished for the best.” Griboyedov spoke out for freedom of printing, for a public court, against administrative arbitrariness, abuses of serfdom, reactionary measures in the field of education, and in such views he coincided with the Decembrists. But it is difficult to say how far these coincidences went, and we do not know exactly how Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov felt about the constitutional projects of the Decembrists. There is no doubt, however, that he was skeptical about the feasibility of the conspiracy movement and saw a lot in Decembrism weaknesses. In this, however, he agreed with many others, even among the Decembrists themselves.
Let us also note that Griboyedov was strongly inclined towards nationalism. He loved Russian folk life, customs, language, poetry, even dress. When asked by the Investigative Commission about this, he answered: “I wanted Russian dress because it is more beautiful and calmer than tailcoats and uniforms, and at the same time I believed that it would again bring us closer to the simplicity of Russian morals, which are extremely dear to my heart.” Thus, Chatsky’s philippics against imitation of customs and against European costume are the cherished thoughts of Griboedov himself. At the same time, Griboyedov constantly showed dislike for the Germans and the French and in this he became close to the Shishkovists. But, in general, he stood closer to the Decembrist group; Chatsky is a typical representative of the progressive youth of that time; No wonder the Decembrists vigorously distributed lists of “Woe from Wit.”
Griboedov in the Russian-Persian War 1826-1828
June and July 1826 Griboyedov still lived in St. Petersburg, at Bulgarin’s dacha. It was a very difficult time for him. The joy of liberation faded at the thought of friends and acquaintances executed or exiled to Siberia. Added to this were concerns about his talent, from which the poet demanded new high inspirations, but they, however, did not come. By the end of July, Griboyedov arrived in Moscow, where the entire court and troops had already gathered for the coronation of the new emperor; I.F. Paskevich, a relative of Griboyedov, was also here. Suddenly news came here that the Persians had violated the peace and attacked the Russian border post. Nicholas I was extremely angry at this, blamed Yermolov for inaction and, in order to diminish his power, sent Paskevich (with great powers) to the Caucasus. When Paskevich arrived in the Caucasus and took command of the troops, Griboyedov’s position turned out to be extremely difficult between two warring generals. Ermolov was not formally removed, but he felt the sovereign’s disfavor in everything, constantly came into conflict with Paskevich and finally resigned, and Griboyedov was forced to go into the service of Paskevich (which his mother asked him to do back in Moscow). To the troubles of his official position, physical ailment was added: with his return to Tiflis, Griboedov began to experience frequent fevers and nervous attacks.
Having assumed control of the Caucasus, Paskevich entrusted Griboyedov with foreign relations with Turkey and Persia, and Griboyedov was drawn into all the worries and difficulties of the Persian campaign of 1826-1828. He conducted Paskevich’s enormous correspondence, participated in the development of military actions, endured all the hardships of camp life, and most importantly, took upon himself the actual conduct of diplomatic negotiations with Persia in Deykargan and Turkmanchay. When, after Paskevich’s victories, the capture of Erivan and the occupation of Tabriz, the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty was concluded (February 10, 1828), very beneficial for Russia, Paskevich sent Griboyedov to present the treatise to the emperor in St. Petersburg, where he arrived on March 14. The next day, Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was received by Nicholas I in audience; Paskevich received the title of Count of Erivan and a million ruble reward, and Griboedov received the rank of state councilor, an order and four thousand chervonets.
Griboyedov in Persia. Death of Griboyedov
Again Griboedov lived in St. Petersburg for three months, moving in government, public and literary circles. He complained to his friends of extreme fatigue, dreamed of rest and office work, and was about to retire. Fate decided otherwise. With Griboedov's departure to St. Petersburg, there was no Russian diplomatic representative left in Persia; Meanwhile, Russia had a war with Turkey, and an energetic and experienced diplomat was needed in the East. There was no choice: of course, Griboyedov had to go. He tried to refuse, but it did not work, and on April 25, 1828. by the highest decree Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was appointed Resident Minister to Persia, and Amburger was appointed Consul General in Tabriz.
From the moment of his appointment as envoy, Griboyedov became gloomy and experienced heavy forebodings of death. He constantly told his friends: “There is my grave. I feel like I won’t see Russia again.” On June 6, Griboyedov left St. Petersburg forever; a month later he arrived in Tiflis. It happened here in his life an important event: he married Princess Nina Alexandrovna Chavchavadze, whom he knew as a girl, gave her music lessons, and supervised her education. The wedding took place in Zion Cathedral on August 22, 1828, and on September 9 the departure of the Russian mission to Persia took place. The young wife accompanied Griboyedov, and the poet wrote enthusiastic letters about her to his friends while on the road.
The mission arrived in Tabriz on October 7, and Griboedov was immediately burdened with heavy worries. Of these, there were two main ones: firstly, Griboedov had to insist on payment of indemnity for the last campaign; secondly, to search for and send to Russia Russian subjects who fell into the hands of the Persians. Both were extremely difficult and caused anger equally among both the people and the Persian government. To settle matters, Griboyedov went to see the Shah in Tehran. Griboedov and his retinue arrived in Tehran for the New Year, was well received by the Shah, and at first everything went well. But soon clashes began again over prisoners. Two Armenian women from the harem of the Shah’s son-in-law, Alayar Khan, turned to the patronage of the Russian mission, wanting to return to the Caucasus. Griboyedov received them into the mission building, and this excited the people; Then, at his own insistence, Mirza Yakub, a eunuch of the Shah’s harem, was accepted into the mission, which overflowed the cup. The mob, incited by the Muslim clergy and agents of Alayar Khan and the government itself, attacked the embassy premises on January 30, 1829 and killed Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov along with many others...
Monument to Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov on Chistoprudny Boulevard, Moscow
Personality of A. S. Griboyedov
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov lived a short but rich life. From his passion for science at Moscow University, he moved on to a carefree life in military service and then in St. Petersburg; Sheremetev’s death caused an acute crisis in his soul and prompted him, according to Pushkin, to “ sharp turn", and in the East he tended towards self-absorption and isolation; when he returned from there to Russia in 1823, he was already a mature man, strict with himself and people, and a great skeptic, even a pessimist. The social drama of December 14, bitter thoughts about people and homeland, as well as anxiety for his talent caused Griboyedov a new mental crisis, which threatened to be resolved by suicide. But late love brightened up last days poet's life.
Many facts testify to how passionately he could love his wife, mother, sister, friends, how rich he was with a strong will, courage, and ardent temperament. A. A. Bestuzhev describes him in the following way in 1824: “a man of noble appearance, of average height, in a black tailcoat, with glasses on his eyes entered... In his face one could see as much sincere participation as in his methods of ability to live in good company, but without any affectation, without any formality; one can even say that his movements were somehow strange and jerky and with all that decent, as could not be more... Possessing all the secular advantages, Griboedov did not like the world, did not like empty visits or stately dinners, nor the brilliant holidays of the so-called best society. The bonds of insignificant decency were unbearable to him even because they were bonds. He could not and did not want to hide his mockery of gilded and self-satisfied stupidity, nor his contempt for low seeking, nor his indignation at the sight of happy vice. The blood of his heart always played on his face. No one will boast of his flattery, no one will dare to say that they heard a lie from him. He could deceive himself, but never deceive.” Contemporaries mention his impetuosity, harshness in address, bile, along with softness and tenderness and a special gift for pleasing. Even people who were prejudiced against him succumbed to Griboyedov’s charm. His friends loved him selflessly, just as he knew how to love them passionately. When the Decembrists were in trouble, he did his best to ease the fate of anyone he could: Prince. A. I. Odoevsky, A. A. Bestuzhev, Dobrinsky.
Literary creativity of Griboyedov. "Woe from Wit"
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov began publishing in 1814 and from then on did not leave literary pursuits until the end of his life. However, his creative legacy is small. There is absolutely no epic in it, and almost no lyrics. Most of Griboedov's work contains dramatic works, but all of them, with the exception of the famous comedy, are of low merit. The early plays are interesting only because they gradually developed the language and verse of Griboyedov. In form they are completely ordinary, like hundreds of plays of that time in light genre comedy and vaudeville. In terms of content, the plays written after “Woe from Wit” are much more significant: “1812”, “Radamist and Zenobia”, “Georgian Night”. But they have reached us only in plans and fragments, from which it is difficult to judge the whole; it is only noticeable that the dignity of the verse in them is greatly reduced and that their scenarios are too complex and extensive to fit into the framework of a harmonious stage play.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov entered the history of literature only with “Woe from Wit”; he was a literary one-minded man, homo unius libri (“a man of one book”), and put “everything” into his comedy best dreams, all the bold aspirations” of his creativity. But he worked on it for several years. The play was completed in rough form in the village of Begichev in 1823. Before leaving for St. Petersburg, Griboyedov gave Begichev a manuscript of the comedy, a precious autograph, which was then kept in the Historical Museum in Moscow (“Museum Autograph”). In St. Petersburg, the poet reworked the play again, for example, inserting a scene of Molchalin flirting with Liza in the fourth act. The new list, corrected by Griboyedov, was presented by him in 1824 to A. A. Zhandru (“Zhandrovskaya manuscript”). In 1825, excerpts from the comedy were published in Bulgarin’s “Russian Waist,” and in 1828 Griboedov gave Bulgarin a new list“Woe from Wit,” revised again (“Bulgarin’s list”). These four texts form a chain of the poet’s creative efforts.
Their comparative study shows that Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov made especially many changes in the text in 1823 - 1824, in the Museum autograph and the Zhandrovsky manuscript; Only minor changes were made to later texts. In the first two manuscripts we observe, firstly, a persistent and happy struggle with the difficulties of language and verse; secondly, the author shortened the text in several cases; Thus, Sophia’s story about a dream in Act I, which occupied 42 verses in the Museum’s autograph, was then reduced to 22 verses and benefited greatly from this; the monologues of Chatsky, Repetilov, and the characterization of Tatyana Yuryevna were shortened. There are fewer inserts, but among them is as important as the dialogue between Molchalin and Liza in the 4th act. As for the composition characters and their characters, then they remained the same in all four texts (according to legend, Griboedov first wanted to introduce several more persons, including Famusov’s wife, a sentimental fashionista and a Moscow aristocrat). The ideological content of the comedy also remained unchanged, and this is quite remarkable: all the elements of social satire were already in the text of the play before Griboedov became acquainted with the social movement in St. Petersburg in 1825 - such was the maturity of the poet’s thoughts.
From the moment “Woe from Wit” appeared on stage and in print, history began for him in posterity. For many decades it exerted its strong influence on Russian drama, literary criticism and stage personalities; but until now it remains the only play where everyday pictures were harmoniously combined with social satire.
Alexander Griboyedov
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov
Russian diplomat, poet, playwright, pianist and composer, nobleman; State Councilor (1828); Griboedov is known for his brilliantly rhymed play “Woe from Wit” (1824), which is still often staged in Russian theaters; it served as the source of numerous catchphrases
short biography
- a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, brilliant diplomat, state councilor, author of the legendary play in verse “Woe from Wit”, was a descendant of an old noble family. Born in Moscow on January 15 (January 4, O.S.), 1795, from an early age he showed himself to be an extremely developed and versatile child. Wealthy parents tried to give him an excellent home education, and in 1803 Alexander became a pupil of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. At the age of eleven he was already a student at Moscow University (literature department). Having become a candidate of literary sciences in 1808, Griboyedov graduated from two more departments - moral-political and physical-mathematical. Alexander Sergeevich became one of the most educated people among his contemporaries, knew about a dozen foreign languages, and was very gifted musically.
With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboyedov joined the ranks of volunteers, but he did not have to participate directly in military operations. In 1815, with the rank of cornet, Griboyedov served in a cavalry regiment that was in reserve. The first literary experiments date back to this time - the comedy “The Young Spouses”, which was a translation of a French play, the article “On Cavalry Reserves”, “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher”.
At the beginning of 1816, A. Griboedov retired and came to live in St. Petersburg. While working at the College of Foreign Affairs, he continues his studies in a new field of writing, makes translations, and joins theatrical and literary circles. It was in this city that fate gave him the acquaintance of A. Pushkin. In 1817, A. Griboyedov tried his hand at drama, writing the comedies “My Family” and “Student”.
In 1818, Griboyedov was appointed to the position of secretary of the tsar's attorney, who headed the Russian mission in Tehran, and this radically changed his further biography. The deportation of Alexander Sergeevich to a foreign land was regarded as punishment for the fact that he acted as a second in a scandalous duel with fatal. The stay in Iranian Tabriz (Tavriz) was indeed painful for the aspiring writer.
In the winter of 1822, Tiflis became Griboyedov’s new place of service, and the new boss was General A.P. Ermolov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in Tehran, commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, under whom Griboedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs. It was in Georgia that he wrote the first and second acts of the comedy “Woe from Wit.” The third and fourth acts were already composed in Russia: in the spring of 1823, Griboyedov left the Caucasus on vacation to his homeland. In 1824, in St. Petersburg, the last point was put in the work, the path to fame of which turned out to be thorny. The comedy could not be published due to censorship and was sold in handwritten copies. Only small fragments “slipped” into print: in 1825 they were included in the issue of the almanac “Russian Waist”. Griboedov's brainchild was highly appreciated by A. S. Pushkin.
Griboyedov planned to take a trip to Europe, but in May 1825 he had to urgently return to service in Tiflis. In January 1826, in connection with the Decembrist case, he was arrested, kept in a fortress, and then taken to St. Petersburg: the writer’s name came up several times during interrogations, and handwritten copies of his comedy were found during searches. Nevertheless, due to lack of evidence, the investigation had to release Griboedov, and in September 1826 he returned to his official duties.
In 1828, the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty was signed, which corresponded to the interests of Russia. He played a certain role in the biography of the writer: Griboedov took part in its conclusion and delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. For his services, the talented diplomat was awarded a new position - the plenipotentiary minister (ambassador) of Russia in Persia. Alexander Sergeevich saw his appointment as a “political exile”; plans for the implementation of numerous creative ideas collapsed. With a heavy heart, in June 1828, Griboedov left St. Petersburg.
Getting to his place of duty, he lived for several months in Tiflis, where in August his wedding took place with 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. He left for Persia with his young wife. There were forces in the country and beyond its borders that were not satisfied with the growing influence of Russia, which cultivated hostility towards its representatives in the minds of the local population. On January 30, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was brutally attacked by a brutal crowd, and A.S. became one of its victims. Griboyedov, who was disfigured to such an extent that he was later identified only by a characteristic scar on his hand. The body was taken to Tiflis, where its last resting place was the grotto at the Church of St. David.
Biography from Wikipedia
Origin and early years
Griboyedov born in Moscow, into a wealthy, noble family. His ancestor, Jan Grzybowski (Polish: Jan Grzybowski), moved from Poland to Russia at the beginning of the 17th century. The surname Griboedov is nothing more than a peculiar translation of the surname Grzhibovsky. Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Fyodor Akimovich Griboyedov was a clerk and one of the five compilers of the Council Code of 1649.
- Father - Sergei Ivanovich Griboedov (1761-1814), retired second major;
- Mother - Anastasia Fedorovna (1768-1839), also maiden name Griboyedova - from the Smolensk branch of this family, and her family was richer and was considered more noble;
- Sister - Maria Sergeevna Griboyedova (Durnovo);
- Brother - Pavel (died in infancy);
- Wife - Nina Aleksandrovna Chavchavadze (Georgian: ნინო ჭავჭავაძე)(November 4, 1812 – June 28, 1857).
According to relatives, as a child Alexander was very focused and unusually developed. There is information that he was the great-nephew of Alexander Radishchev (the playwright himself carefully hid this). At the age of 6, he was fluent in three foreign languages, and in his youth already six, in particular, fluent English, French, German and Italian. He understood Latin and ancient Greek very well.
In 1803 he was sent to the Moscow University Noble Boarding School; Three years later, Griboedov entered the literature department of Moscow University. In 1808 (at the age of 13) he graduated from the literary department of the university with the degree of candidate of literary sciences, but did not leave his studies, but entered the ethical-political (legal) department of the Faculty of Philosophy. In 1810 he received his PhD and remained at the university to study mathematics and natural sciences.
War
On September 8, 1812, cornet Griboyedov fell ill and remained in Vladimir, and, presumably, until November 1, 1812, due to illness, did not appear at the regiment's location. In the summer, during the Patriotic War of 1812, when the enemy appeared on Russian territory, he joined the Moscow Hussar Regiment (a volunteer irregular unit) of Count Pyotr Ivanovich Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Arriving at his duty station, he found himself in the company "young cornets from the best noble families» - Prince Golitsyn, Count Efimovsky, Count Tolstoy, Alyabyev, Sheremetev, Lansky, the Shatilov brothers. Griboyedov was related to some of them. Subsequently, he wrote in a letter to S. N. Begichev: “I was in this squad for only 4 months, and now I haven’t been able to get on the right path for 4 years.”. Begichev responded to this like this:
But they had barely begun to form when the enemy entered Moscow. This regiment received orders to go to Kazan, and after the expulsion of the enemies, at the end of the same year, it was ordered to follow to Brest-Litovsk, join the defeated Irkutsk Dragoon Regiment and take the name of the Irkutsk Hussars. S. N. Begichev
Until 1815, Griboedov served in the rank of cornet under the command of cavalry general A. S. Kologrivov. Griboedov's first literary experiments - “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher”, feature article "About cavalry reserves" and comedy "Young Spouses"(translation of the French comedy “Le secret”) - dates back to 1814. In the article "About cavalry reserves" Griboyedov acted as a historical publicist.
The enthusiastically lyrical “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher,” published in the “Bulletin of Europe,” was written by him after Kologrivov was awarded the “Order of St. Vladimir Equal to the Apostles, 1st degree” in 1814 and the holiday of June 22 (July 4) in Brest-Litovsk , in the cavalry reserves, on this occasion.
In the capital
In 1815, Griboyedov came to St. Petersburg, where he met the publisher of the magazine “Son of the Fatherland” N.I. Grech and the famous playwright N.I. Khmelnitsky.
In the spring of 1816, the aspiring writer left military service, and in the summer he published an article “On the analysis of the free translation of the Burger ballad “Lenora”” - a response to N. I. Gnedich’s critical remarks about P. A. Katenin’s ballad “Olga”.
At the same time, Griboyedov’s name appears on the list of active members of the Masonic lodge “United Friends”. At the beginning of 1817, Griboyedov became one of the founders of the Masonic lodge "Du Bien".
In the summer he entered the diplomatic service, taking the position of provincial secretary (from the winter - translator) of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. This period of the writer’s life also includes his acquaintances with A. S. Pushkin and V. K. Kuchelbecker, work on the poem “Lubochny Theater” (a response to M. N. Zagoskin’s criticism of “Young Spouses”), and the comedies “Student” (together with P. A. Katenin), “Feigned Infidelity” (together with A. A. Gendre), “Own Family, or the Married Bride” (co-authored with A. A. Shakhovsky and N. I. Khmelnitsky).
Duel
In 1817, the famous “quadruple duel” between Zavadovsky-Sheremetev and Griboedov-Yakubovich took place in St. Petersburg.
Griboyedov lived with Zavadovsky and, being a friend of the famous dancer of the St. Petersburg Ballet Avdotya Istomina, after the performance he brought her to his place (naturally, to Zavadovsky’s house), where she lived for two days. Cavalry guard Sheremetev, Istomina’s lover, was in a quarrel with her and was away, but when he returned, incited by the cornet of the Life Ulan regiment A.I. Yakubovich, he challenged Zavadovsky to a duel. Griboyedov became Zavadovsky’s second, and Yakubovich became Sheremetev’s; both also promised to fight.
Zavadovsky and Sheremetev were the first to reach the barrier. Zavadovsky, an excellent shooter, mortally wounded Sheremetev in the stomach. Since Sheremetev had to be immediately taken to the city, Yakubovich and Griboyedov postponed their fight. It took place the following year, 1818, in Georgia. Yakubovich was transferred to Tiflis for service, and Griboedov also happened to be passing through there, heading on a diplomatic mission to Persia.
Griboedov was wounded in the left hand. It was from this wound that it was subsequently possible to identify the disfigured corpse of Griboyedov, killed by religious fanatics during the destruction of the Russian embassy in Tehran.
In the east
In 1818, Griboyedov, having refused the position of an official of the Russian mission in the United States, was appointed to the post of secretary under the Tsar's charge d'affaires in Persia, Simon Mazarovich. Before leaving for Tehran, he completed work on “Sideshow Trials.” He left for his duty station at the end of August, two months later (with short stops in Novgorod, Moscow, Tula and Voronezh) he arrived in Mozdok, and on the way to Tiflis he compiled a detailed diary describing his travels.
At the beginning of 1819, Griboedov completed work on the ironic “Letter to the Publisher from Tiflis on January 21” and, probably, the poem “Forgive me, Fatherland!”, and then went on his first business trip to the Shah’s court. On the way to the appointed place through Tabriz (January - March), I continued to write travel notes that I started last year. In August he returned back, where he began to advocate for the fate of Russian soldiers who were in Iranian captivity. In September, at the head of a detachment of prisoners and fugitives, he set out from Tabriz to Tiflis, where he arrived the following month. Some events of this journey are described on the pages of Griboyedov’s diaries (for July and August/September), as well as in the narrative fragments “Vagin’s Story” and “Ananur Quarantine”.
In January 1820, Griboedov again went to Persia, adding new entries to his travel diary. Here, burdened with official chores, he spent more than a year and a half. His stay in Persia was incredibly burdensome for the writer-diplomat, and in the fall of the following year, 1821, due to health reasons (due to a broken arm), he finally managed to transfer closer to his homeland - to Georgia. There he became close to Kuchelbecker, who had arrived here for service, and began work on the draft manuscripts of the first edition of “Woe from Wit.”
Since February 1822, Griboyedov was the diplomatic secretary under General A.P. Ermolov, who commanded the Russian troops in Tiflis. The author’s work on the drama “1812” is often dated to the same year (apparently timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary of Russia’s victory in the war with Napoleonic France).
At the beginning of 1823, Griboyedov left the service for a while and returned to his homeland, for more than two years he lived in Moscow, in the village. Dmitrovsky (Lakotsy) Tula province, in St. Petersburg. Here the author continued the work begun in the Caucasus with the text “Woe from Wit”, by the end of the year he wrote the poem “David”, a dramatic scene in verse “Youth of the Prophetic”, vaudeville “Who is the brother, who is the sister, or Deception after deception” (in cooperation with P. A. Vyazemsky) and the first edition of the famous waltz “e-moll”. It is customary to attribute the appearance of the first entries of his “Desiderata” - a journal of notes on controversial issues of Russian history, geography and literature - to the same period of Griboyedov’s life.
The following year, 1824, dates back to the writer’s epigrams on M.A. Dmitriev and A.I. Pisarev (“And they compose - they lie! And they translate - they lie!..”, “How magazine brawls spread!..”), the narrative fragment “Character my uncle,” the essay “Special Cases of the St. Petersburg Flood” and the poem “Teleshova.” At the end of the same year (December 15), Griboyedov became a full member of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
On South
At the end of May 1825, due to the urgent need to return to his place of duty, the writer abandoned his intention to visit Europe and left for the Caucasus. Subsequently, he will learn Arabic, Turkish, Georgian and Persian. The first teacher who taught Griboedov the Persian language was Mirza Jafar Topchibashev. On the eve of this trip, he completed work on a free translation of the “Prologue in the Theater” from the tragedy “Faust”, at the request of F.V. Bulgarin, he compiled notes to “Extraordinary Adventures and Travels...” of D.I. Tsikulin, published in the April issues of the magazine “Northern” archive" for 1825. On the way to Georgia, he visited Kiev, where he met prominent figures of the revolutionary underground (M. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, A. Z. Muravyov, S. I. Muravyov-Apostol and S. P. Trubetskoy), lived for some time in Crimea, visiting the estate of his old friend A.P. Zavadovsky. Griboedov traveled through the mountains of the peninsula, developed a plan for the majestic tragedy of the Baptism of the ancient Russians and kept a detailed diary of travel notes, published only three decades after the author’s death. According to the opinion established in science, it was under the influence of the southern trip that he wrote the scene “Dialogue of Polovtsian Husbands.”
Arrest
Upon returning to the Caucasus, Griboyedov, inspired by the participation in the expedition of General A. A. Velyaminov, wrote famous poem"Predators on Chegem". In January 1826, he was arrested in the Grozny fortress on suspicion of belonging to the Decembrists; Griboedov was brought to St. Petersburg, but the investigation could not find evidence of Griboedov’s membership in a secret society. With the exception of A.F. Brigen, E.P. Obolensky, N.N. Orzhitsky and S.P. Trubetskoy, none of the suspects testified to the detriment of Griboyedov. He was under investigation until June 2, 1826, but since it was not possible to prove his participation in the conspiracy, and he himself categorically denied his involvement in the conspiracy, he was released from arrest with a “cleansing certificate.” Despite this, Griboyedov was under secret surveillance for some time.
Return to duty
In September 1826 he returned to service in Tiflis and continued his diplomatic activities; took part in the conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty (1828), beneficial for Russia, and delivered its text to St. Petersburg. Appointed as Resident Minister (Ambassador) to Iran; On the way to his destination, he again spent several months in Tiflis and married there on August 22 (September 3), 1828, Princess Nina Chavchavadze, with whom he only lived for a few weeks.
Death in Persia
Foreign embassies were not located in the capital, but in Tabriz, at the court of Prince Abbas Mirza, but soon after arriving in Persia, the mission went to present itself to Feth Ali Shah in Tehran. During this visit, Griboyedov died: on January 30, 1829 (6 Sha'ban 1244 AH), a crowd of thousands of religious fanatics killed everyone in the embassy, except for the secretary Ivan Sergeevich Maltsov.
The circumstances of the defeat of the Russian mission are described in different ways, but Maltsov was an eyewitness to the events, and he does not mention the death of Griboyedov, only writes that 15 people defended themselves at the door of the envoy’s room. Returning to Russia, he wrote that 37 people in the embassy were killed (all except him alone) and 19 Tehran residents. He himself hid in another room and, in fact, could only describe what he heard. All the defenders died, and there were no direct witnesses left.
Riza-Kuli writes that Griboyedov was killed with 37 comrades, and 80 people from the crowd were killed. His body was so mutilated that he was identified only by a mark on his left hand, received in the famous duel with Yakubovich.
Griboedov's body was taken to Tiflis and buried on Mount Mtatsminda in a grotto at the Church of St. David. In the summer of 1829, Alexander Pushkin visited the grave. Pushkin also wrote in “Travel to Arzrum” that he met a cart with the body of Griboyedov at a mountain pass in Armenia, later called Pushkinsky.
The Persian Shah sent his grandson to St. Petersburg to resolve the diplomatic scandal. To compensate for the blood shed, he brought rich gifts to Nicholas I, including the Shah diamond. This magnificent diamond, framed with many rubies and emeralds, once adorned the throne of the Great Mughals. Now it shines in the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin.
At the grave of Alexander Griboyedov, his widow, Nina Chavchavadze, erected a monument with the inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you!”.
Creation
In terms of literary position, Griboedov belongs (according to the classification of Yu. N. Tynyanov) to the so-called “younger archaists”: his closest literary allies are P. A. Katenin and V. K. Kuchelbecker; however, he was also valued by the “Arzamas people,” for example, Pushkin and Vyazemsky, and among his friends were such different people as P. Ya. Chaadaev and F. V. Bulgarin.
Even during his years of study at Moscow University (1805), Griboyedov wrote poems (only mentions have reached us), created a parody of V. A. Ozerov’s work “Dmitry Donskoy” - “Dmitry Dryanskoy”. In 1814, two of his correspondences were published in the “Bulletin of Europe”: “On cavalry reserves” and “Letter to the editor.” In 1815, he published the comedy “Young Spouses” - a parody of the French comedies that made up the Russian comedy repertoire at that time. The author uses the very popular genre of “secular comedy” - works with a small number of characters and an emphasis on wit. In line with his polemics with Zhukovsky and Gnedich about the Russian ballad, Griboedov wrote an article “On the analysis of the free translation of “Lenora”” (1816).
In 1817, Griboyedov’s comedy “Student” was published. According to contemporaries, Katenin took a small part in it, but rather his role in creating the comedy was limited to editing. The work is polemical in nature, directed against the “younger Karamzinists,” parodying their works, a type of artist of sentimentalism. The main point of criticism is the lack of realism.
Techniques of parody: introducing texts into everyday context, exaggerated use of periphrasticism (all concepts in comedy are given descriptively, nothing is directly named). At the center of the work is a bearer of classicist consciousness (Benevolsky). All knowledge about life is gleaned from books, all events are perceived through the experience of reading. Saying “I saw it, I know it” means “I read it.” The hero seeks to play book stories, life seems uninteresting to him. Griboyedov will later repeat the lack of a real sense of reality in “Woe from Wit” - this is a trait of Chatsky.
In 1817, Griboyedov took part in writing “Feigned Infidelity” together with A. A. Gendre. The comedy is an adaptation of the French comedy by Nicolas Barthes. The character Roslavlev, Chatsky's predecessor, appears in it. This is a strange young man, in conflict with society, uttering critical monologues. The same year the comedy “One’s Own Family, or a Married Bride” was released. Co-authors: A. A. Shakhovskoy, Griboyedov, N. I. Khmelnitsky.
What was written before “Woe from Wit” was still very immature or was created in collaboration with more experienced writers at that time (Katenin, Shakhovskoy, Zhandre, Vyazemsky); conceived after “Woe from Wit” was either not written at all (the tragedy about Prince Vladimir the Great), or was not brought beyond rough sketches (the tragedy about Princes Vladimir Monomakh and Fyodor Ryazansky), or was written, but due to a number of circumstances is not known to modern science. Of Griboyedov’s later experiments, the most notable are the dramatic scenes “1812”, “Georgian Night”, “Rodamist and Zenobia”. The author’s artistic and documentary works (essays, diaries, epistolary) also deserve special attention.
Although world fame came to Griboyedov thanks to only one book, he should not be considered a “literary one-liner” who exhausted his creative powers while working on “Woe from Wit.” Reconstructive analysis artistic ideas the playwright allows us to see in him the talent of the creator of a truly high tragedy worthy of William Shakespeare, and the writer’s prose testifies to the productive development of Griboedov as an original author of literary “travels”.
"Woe from Wit"
The comedy in verse "Woe from Wit" was conceived in St. Petersburg around 1816 and completed in Tiflis in 1824 (the final edition - an authorized list left in St. Petersburg with Bulgarin - 1828). In Russia it is included in school curriculum 9th grade (in Soviet times - in 8th grade).
The comedy “Woe from Wit” is the pinnacle of Russian drama and poetry. The bright aphoristic style contributed to the fact that she was all “dispersed into quotes.”
“Never has any people been so scourged, never has any country been dragged so much in the mud, never has so much rude abuse been thrown into the public’s face, and yet never has more complete success been achieved” (P. Chaadaev. “Apology for a Madman” ).
“His “Woe from Wit” was published without distortions or abbreviations in 1862. When Griboyedov himself, who died at the hands of fanatics in Iran, had not been in this world for more than 30 years. Written more than ever at the right time - on the eve of the Decembrist uprising - the play became a vivid poetic pamphlet denouncing the reigning regime. For the first time, poetry burst into politics so boldly and openly. And politics gave in,” she wrote in the essay “Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Woe from Wit" (in the author's column "100 books that shocked the world" in the magazine "Youth") Elena Sazanovich. - The play in handwritten form was circulated throughout the country. Griboyedov once again sarcastically called “Woe from Wit” a comedy. Is it a joke?! About 40 thousand copies, copied by hand. A stunning success. It was a blatant slap at high society. And high society did not laugh at comedy. It was wiped off. And Griboyedov was not forgiven..."
Musical works
The few musical works written by Griboyedov had excellent harmony, harmony and conciseness. He is the author of several piano pieces, among which the most famous are two waltzes for piano. Some works, including the piano sonata - Griboedov's most serious musical work, have not reached us. Waltz in E minor of his composition is considered the first Russian waltz that has survived to this day. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Griboyedov was a wonderful pianist, his playing was distinguished by genuine artistry.
Other
In 1828, Griboedov completed work on the “Project for the Establishment of the Russian Transcaucasian Company.” In order to develop trade and industry in the Transcaucasus, the project envisaged the creation of an autonomous management company with extensive administrative, economic and diplomatic powers to manage the Transcaucasus. The project, as contrary to his personal power in Transcaucasia, was rejected by I. F. Paskevich.
Extensive section creative heritage Griboyedov's letters are composed of his letters.
Memory
Monuments
- In St. Petersburg, the monument to A. S. Griboyedov (sculptor V. V. Lishev, 1959) is located on Zagorodny Prospekt on Pionerskaya Square (opposite the Theater of Young Spectators)
- In the center of Yerevan there is a monument to A. S. Griboyedov (author - Hovhannes Bejanyan, 1974), and in 1995 an Armenian postage stamp dedicated to A. S. Griboedov was issued.
- In Alushta, a monument to A. S. Griboyedov was erected in 2002, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the city.
- In Moscow, the monument to A. S. Griboyedov is located on Chistoprudny Boulevard.
- In Veliky Novgorod, A. S. Griboedov is immortalized in the monument “Millennium of Russia”, in the group of sculptures “Writers and Artists”.
- In Volgograd, at the expense of the Armenian community of the city, a bust of A. S. Griboedov was erected (on Sovetskaya Street, opposite clinic No. 3).
- In Tbilisi, the monument to A. S. Griboedov is located on the Kura embankment (sculptor M. Merabishvili, architect G. Melkadze, 1961).
- In Tehran, near the Russian embassy there is a monument to A. S. Griboedov (sculptor V. A. Beklemishev, 1912).
Museums and galleries
- State Historical, Cultural and Natural Museum-Reserve of A. S. Griboedov “Khmelita”.
- In Crimea, in the Red Cave (Kizil-Koba), a gallery was named in honor of the stay of A. S. Griboedov.
Streets
Streets named after Griboyedov is in many cities of Russia and neighboring countries:
- Almetyevsk,
- Petrozavodsk,
- Perm,
- Chelyabinsk,
- Krasnoyarsk,
- Kaliningrad,
- Surgut,
- Simferopol,
- Sevastopol,
- Bryansk,
- Yekaterinburg,
- Novokuznetsk,
- Novorossiysk,
- Novosibirsk,
- Ryazan,
- Dzerzhinsk (Nizhny Novgorod region),
- Irkutsk,
- Makhachkala,
- Gelendzhik,
- Kovrov,
- Tver,
- Tyumen,
- Kirov,
- Essentuki;
in Belarus- Brest, Vitebsk, Minsk;
in Ukraine -
- Khmelnitsky,
- Vinnitsa,
- Kharkov,
- Kherson,
- Irpen,
- Bila Tserkva,
- Chernivtsi;
in Armenia- Yerevan, Vanadzor, Gyumri, Sevan;
as well as in the cities of Balti (Moldova), Almaty (Kazakhstan), Batumi and Tbilisi (Georgia), Ashgabat (Turkmenistan),
Theaters
- Smolensk Drama Theater named after. A. S. Griboedova.
- In Tbilisi there is a theater named after A. S. Griboedov, a monument (author - M. K. Merabishvili).
- Bust of A. S. Griboyedov installed on the facade Odessa Theater opera and ballet.
Libraries
- Library national literatures named after A. S. Griboyedov.
- Central Library named after A. S. Griboyedov of the Centralized Library System #2 of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the library, it opened memorial museum. The A. S. Griboyedov Prize is awarded.
Cinema
- 1969 - The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar, a Soviet television play staged in Leningrad in 1969, but banned from showing. In the role of A. S. Griboyedov - Vladimir Recepter.
- 1995 - Griboedov's Waltz, a feature historical and biographical film by Tamara Pavlyuchenko. Filmed for the 200th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Griboyedov and talks about recent months life. In the role of A. S. Griboyedov - Alexander Feklistov.
- 2010 - Death of Vazir-Mukhtar. The Love and Life of Griboedov is a 2010 Russian television series based on the novel of the same name by Yuri Tynyanov about last year life. In the role of A. S. Griboyedov - Mikhail Eliseev.
- 2014 - “Duel. Pushkin - Lermontov » - Russian film in the style of an alternative world. In the role of the surviving old Griboyedov - Vyacheslav Nevinny Jr.
Other
- Yuri Tynyanov dedicated the novel “The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar” (1928) to the last years of A. S. Griboyedov’s life.
- On April 22, 2014, in St. Petersburg, the Grand Lodge of Russia created the lodge “A. S. Griboyedov" (No. 45 in the VLR register).
- Secondary school named after A. S. Griboedov (Stepanakert).
- Secondary school No. 203 named after A. S. Griboedov in St. Petersburg.
- "Griboedov Readings"
- GBOU Moscow gymnasium No. 1529 named after A. S. Griboedov.
- There is higher education in Moscow educational institution- Institute of International Law and Economics named after. A. S. Griboyedova (Moscow).
- Griboyedov Canal (until 1923 Ekaterininsky Canal) is a canal in St. Petersburg. Memorial plaque to Griboedov in St. Petersburg (B. Morskaya St., 14)
- In 1995 Central Bank Russian Federation a coin was issued (2 rubles, 500 silver) from the series “ Prominent figures Russia" with a portrait of A. S. Griboyedov on the reverse - for the 200th anniversary of his birth.
- Medal "A. S. Griboedov 1795-1829.” was established by the Moscow city organization of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation and is awarded to writers and writers, prominent philanthropists and well-known publishers for their selfless activities for the benefit of Russian culture and literature.
- 11.1816 - 08.1818 - apartment building of I. Valkh - embankment of the Catherine Canal, 104;
- 01.06. - 07.1824 - hotel "Demut" - embankment of the Moika River, 40;
- 08. - 11.1824 - apartment of A.I. Odoevsky in the Pogodin apartment building - Torgovaya Street, 5;
- 11.1824 - 01.1825 - P. N. Chebyshev’s apartment in the Usov apartment building - Nikolaevskaya embankment, 13;
- 01. - 09.1825 - apartment of A.I. Odoevsky in the Bulatov apartment building - St. Isaac's Square, 7;
- 06.1826 - apartment of A. A. Zhandre in the Egerman house - embankment of the Moika River, 82;
- 03. - 05.1828 - hotel "Demut" - embankment of the Moika River, 40;
- 05. - 06.06.1828 - house of A.I. Kosikovsky - Nevsky Prospekt, 15.
- Order of St. Anne, 2nd class with diamond insignia (14 March 1828)
- Order of the Lion and Sun, 1st class (Persia, 1829)
- Order of the Lion and Sun, 2nd class (Persia, 1819)
In numismatics
Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia, dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Griboyedov. 2 rubles, silver, 1995
Addresses in St. Petersburg
Awards
