Irina Fedorova
Target:
To develop children's interest in history, local history, to form the first ideas about the life of peasants on Bologovskaya land. To instill interest in folk culture, introduce people to ancient Russian objects everyday life: kitchen utensils, tools, clothing, handicrafts.
Introduce children to oral folk art - small genres of folk folklore: proverbs, sayings, sayings, riddles, popular expressions. Learn to understand the educational and cognitive meaning of proverbs and sayings.
Material:
Antique household items: samovar, wooden bowl, clay pots, cast iron, oven 11111, kerosene lamp, sickle, linden box, bast shoes, spinning wheel with linen tow, spindle, linen shirt with embroidery, linen towels with lace, linen bed valances, rugs.
Progress of the lesson.
In our museum collected antique things that were used by our great-grandmothers and great-grandparents: kitchen utensils, household items, clothing, handicrafts. In the old days Rus' was called wooden. A long time ago in Rus', peasants built their homes from logs. They were called huts. Everything in the hut was made from tree: floors, ceilings, walls, furniture, and dishes. They cooked food in it, baked bread, slept on it, and warmed the hut in the cold.
The dishes in the peasant hut were wooden and clay: pots, spoons, bowls (they were called patches) later a metal one appeared dishes: cast iron, samovar-priest and metal objects everyday life: grip, iron, sickle, kerosene lamp. Baskets and boxes were made from linden splinters, and bast shoes were made from bald bast. (Teacher shows these items)
Since ancient times, flax has been grown in Rus' and on the Bologovo land. They called him affectionately: cute little lenko, little white. And every year, from October 14th, flax began to be spun. They spun flax on such spinning wheels (show). There was a spinning wheel in every house. For the wedding, the father made such a spinning wheel as a gift for all his daughters.
The spinning wheel consists of a riser with a comb, a blade to which the tow is attached, and a bottom on which the spinner sits. The spinning wheel was decorated with patterns.
The spinner twisted the thread and wound it onto the spindle. (Show) Fabric was woven from the resulting threads on special looms. Clothes, towels, and tablecloths were made from linen. They talked: “Flax will exhaust you, flax will make you rich”. In our museum there is a linen shirt with embroidery, linen towels with lace,
linen valances for the bed.
Colored rugs, colorful and elegant, were woven on special looms. Our great-grandmothers were craftswomen and needlewomen. Came to us from ancient times proverb: “Don’t teach by idleness, but teach by handicraft”.
Our ancestors knew how to work, they knew how and loved to have fun and joke. Spoke in Rus': “A song is a friend, and a joke is a sister”. Russian people have made up a lot of different jokes, sayings, proverbs, catchphrases, and riddles. Now I will tell you ancient Russian riddles, and the answers to them are in our museum.
1. There is a hole on top, a hole on the bottom,
And in the middle there is fire and water.
(samovar)
What is the comparison with a samovar in Rus'? (Pot-bellied, important, like a samovar) About a fat, stupid man.
2. I was dug, I was trampled,
I was at a fire, I was at a market.
While I was young, I fed a hundred heads,
And as soon as he fell, he disappeared.
(pot)
What did they cook in the pots? (cabbage soup, porridge) They talked: “Soup soup and porridge are our food.”. “Where is the cabbage soup here and look for us”.
3. The trough is full of people.
(bowl with spoons)
4. Horned, but not a bull,
Enough, but not full,
Gives to people
And he goes on vacation.
(grab)
- .They say: “The guy is a grip, he grew up with a grip”. What guy is this? (grassy, strong.)
5. From corner to corner
Iron swindler
We iron everything. concerning,
And if you touch it, it bites.
(iron)
6. Small, hunchbacked,
I searched the entire field.
I ran home - I lay there all winter.
(sickle)
7. Made of iron,
They know how to cut and trim. .
When they meet -
The parts are separated.
(scissors)
8. The ridge is hanging all covered in patches.
(basket)
Bodies and boxes were woven from splinters.
They say: "Talked like crazy", (lied, chattered)
9. Cells go into the forest.
Cells are coming from the forest.
(bast shoes)
- Why do they say: “The bast shoes are new, but are they leaking?”
Who are they talking about?: “Oh, you bast shoe!”(about a stupid, stupid person.)
10. The more I spin,
The fatter I become.
(spindle)
-Who were they talking about?: “Thin as a spindle?” (about a thin, slender girl)
In which fairy tale did the spindle play a fatal role in the life of the main character? ( "Sleeping Beauty")
11. Hanging on the wall, dangling,
Everyone grabs hold of him.
(towel)
12. Pout, don’t pout,
Go over your head.
Dance all day long
And you will go to rest.
One entrance, two exits.
(shirt)
Proverb: “The shirt will wear out, but a good deed will remain”.
13. What a simpleton is this?
He lay down on his side at the door,
On the road, on the threshold, does it stop your feet?
(mat)
Our great-grandmothers were so skillful and cheerful. They talked: “The day until the evening is boring if there is nothing to do”.
Now let's play an old game "Body", which our great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers played.
Rules of the game:
A driver is selected, he has a box in his hands, he goes around everyone playing with words:
Put a pledge in the box ending in - ok!
Children put with words:
I'll put a handkerchief in the box (Strap, patch, shoe, sock, circle, etc.)
Then the driver, one by one, takes out the required items from the box and gives them different tasks:
Whose pledge will be will recite the poem (or a nursery rhyme, or a riddle, etc.)
At the end they repeat the proverbs:
“The end is the crown of the matter.”
"Business before pleasure."
Publications on the topic:
On the eve of the seventieth anniversary of the Victory, we visited the local history museum. We spent a lot of time especially on the Hall of Military Glory. Where.
In our village there is a local history museum and the children and I went on an excursion. Already at the entrance to the museum we saw tubs (barrels) for pickling.
On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory in our garden, MBDOU No. 21 “Brusnichka”, a museum exhibition “I.
On the occasion of the seventieth anniversary of the Great Victory, the children of our institution visited the museum, which was created by teachers and parents. Victory Day is taking.
One of the main directions of patriotic education in the preschool education system is local history. Fostering a love for nature.
The Museum of Archeology of Moscow offers Moscow schoolchildren a series of on-site lectures and demonstrations with the opportunity to touch the ancient history of Moscow without leaving the classroom.
Field program “Museum at school”
Lectures and demonstrations
Traditions and life of medieval Moscow (for grades 1 - 4)
The lecture-demonstration is dedicated to everyday life in medieval Moscow. Schoolchildren will get acquainted with the internal structure of the house and the features of Russian costume. For a deeper dive into history, two children will try on traditional men's and women's clothing. Attention will also be paid to the dishes that make up the daily and festive menu of a medieval Muscovite.
What is archaeology?(for grades 1 - 4)
At the lecture-demonstration, schoolchildren will become familiar with basic archaeological concepts, the diversity of ancient settlements and burials, as well as the rules for organizing their excavations. They will learn about where and when archaeological research was and is being carried out in our capital. In addition, participants will have the opportunity to hold authentic finds in their hands and create a three-dimensional model of the cultural layer, alternately pouring layers of sand, sawdust, coal and household waste into a glass jar.
Cut it on your nose(for grades 1 - 4)
At the lecture-demonstration, the children will learn about what measures of length were used by medieval Muscovites, how counting originated, what an abacus is and how to use it. In addition, schoolchildren will become familiar with how they wrote and what they studied in medieval Moscow. Separately, we will talk about the “nose” and why they hacked it to death. And all this is based on real archaeological finds. Participants will be able to independently “scratch” various signs on the cere and birch bark.
Leisure of medieval Muscovites(for grades 1 - 4)
The lecture-demonstration is dedicated to how people relaxed and what they played in ancient Moscow. First, students will become acquainted with ancient clay toys, including authentic ones. The children will take part in entertaining games and fun, learn about what “grandmothers” and spillikins are. Then we will talk about ancient Russian musical instruments. A visual presentation will allow you to see fragments of ancient pipes, rattles and even jew's harps. Finally, participants will try to recreate the sound of such instruments by organizing a small orchestra.
The most ancient past of the Moscow region(for grades 4 - 7)
The lecture-demonstration is dedicated to the history of our region during the Stone and Bronze Ages. Listeners will find out when people came here, where the oldest Ice Age site is located. They will find out what Stone Age industry is, how tools were made and how they are distinguished. They will get answers to questions about what can be done with a flint flake, whether it is possible to drill a stone, and how they hunted the giants of the Paleolithic era - mammoths. Schoolchildren will be able to hold some ancient finds in their hands.
Moscow treasures(from 7th grade)
At the lecture-demonstration, students will learn what treasures are from the point of view of the science of archaeology, what they are like and how often they are found. Children will get acquainted with the largest treasure discovered in Moscow and will see photographs of the objects it consisted of. Other values that were once hidden by Muscovites will not go unnoticed. At the end, participants will try to determine the date of concealment of the “treasure” they proposed, having previously analyzed its composition.
Archaeological dating methods(from 5th grade)
At the lecture-demonstration, the children will learn about how archaeologists determine what time the things and buildings they find date back to, how the stratigraphic method differs from the radiocarbon method, and how, under the conditions of archaeological excavations, they can roughly determine the age of a find. In the practical part, schoolchildren will distribute genuine objects by time and independently date a treasure of coins.
Age of Moscow(from 7th grade)
The scientific discussion lecture is devoted to the problem of determining the true age of our capital. Students will become familiar with the main scientific views on this issue. They will also find out when the first people appeared on the territory of Moscow, how they lived, what they did, and what they wore. Schoolchildren will become familiar with how the age of a city is determined based on archaeological material. The lecture is accompanied by a display of authentic finds and replicas of objects dating back to various historical eras.
Duration of each lecture-demonstration: 1 academic hour (45 minutes).
Necessary equipment: computer, TV/screen/interactive whiteboard
ICT: Microsoft Power Point presentation/slide show.
Price of one lecture-demonstration for schoolchildren: 7,000 rubles. 100% prepayment. Both cash and non-cash forms of payment are possible. The lecture-demonstration is designed for one class.
Completed by the teacher
MADO DSKV "Ryabinushka"
Gorbunova A.G.
Pokachi 2014
"Welcome to the museum!"
(summary of the excursion to the local history museum)
Goal: creating conditions for the correction and development of cognitive activity
viability of pupils.
Tasks:
- form an idea of the local history museum; expand and deepen students’ knowledge about the history of their hometown;
- develop logical thinking, curiosity, and the ability to conduct comparative analysis;
- cultivate love for our native land, respect for our ancestors, pride in the residents of the city.
Excursion progress:
How many of you have been to the museum?
- What does the word “museum” mean?
The museum is engaged in collecting, studying, storing and exhibiting objects.
There are many different museums in the world.
- What types of museums are there?
(military, historical, applied arts, local history)
What is local history?
Local history is a complete study of a certain part of the country, city or village, or other settlements.
Today we will take a trip to the local history museum of our city.
A story about the history of the museum.
The local history museum of the city of Pokachi was created in 1994. This year the local history museum turned 20 years old. This is a real cultural center of the city.
More than five thousand people come to its halls every year. Guests of the year also visit the museum. The museum has interesting, unique exhibits that reflect the life of the Khanty people. Many exhibits are dedicated to the history of the city.
- How many of you know what an exposition is? (Exhibition - display of art objects). The museum has many collections:
Collection "Ethnography". The museum contains interesting, significant exhibits telling about the life, way of life, and traditions of the Khanty people. The collection includes more than 400 storage units, part of which consists of items made by indigenous people, taking into account national traditions and characteristics.
Collection "Archaeological". The collection is represented by fragments of ceramic tableware, women's and men's bronze jewelry, and leather goods.
Collection "Photography". Basically, these are photographs that reflect the history of the construction of the city, the development of oil production, and are the main witness to the radical change of the city, a connecting link between time and generations.
Collection "Historical". The collection consists of objects from the 70-80s of our century, which help to recreate the life, culture, and lifestyle of the pioneer builders.
Collection "Natural". The collection is represented by animals and birds of our region: bear, fox, wolf, sable, mink, wading birds, upland game, birds of prey.
How should you behave in a museum?
- What do you think we can see there?
- Guys, who conducts excursions in museums?
- That's right, guide. I give the floor to the guide.
Guide:
First, we will remember our feathered friends - birds.
- Who are the birds?
- How do birds differ from other flying animals, for example, from bats.
- How many birds do you know? (we name one at a time, one at a time).
- Look around, what is the biggest bird you see?
- And the smallest?
Guess the riddles.
a) Red-breasted, black-winged,
Loves to peck grains.
With the first snow on the mountain ash
He will appear again
(Bullfinch)
b) Flies to the feeder,
Briskly pecks at the seeds,
And even before spring
Sings a song loudly.
(Tit)
How to distinguish a tit from a bullfinch?
- Look at the birds and say which bird you see for the first time.
- (pointing to the crow) What kind of bird is this? What color are her feathers? Which beak is large or small? What do crows eat? Did you know that a crow can repeat the sounds it hears and even words?
- What birds stay with us for the winter?
- What do wintering birds eat?
Animals mean alive. All animals have four legs, a tail, a muzzle, and a body covered with hair.
- Now let's get to know what animals live in our forest.
- Animals that live in the forest, what do we call them? (wild)
- Do all animals have their own home?
Bear - ... in a den.
Fox - ... in the hole.
Hare - ... under a bush.
Squirrel - ... in a hollow.
And the wolf's house is called a lair.
At the fox in the deep forest
There is a hole - a reliable home.
Snowstorms are not scary in winter
A squirrel in a hollow near a spruce tree.
A prickly hedgehog under the bushes
Rakes leaves into a pile.
A clubfoot sleeps in a den,
He sucks his paw until spring.
Everyone has their own home
Everyone is warm and comfortable in it
Listen to the riddle and come to the answer.
Puzzles.
Who lives in the deep forest,
Clumsy, clubfooted?
In summer he eats raspberries, honey,
And in winter he sucks his paw. (Bear)
Taller than a cat,
Lives in a hole in the forest,
Fluffy red tail -
We all know... (Lisa)
What kind of animal is cold in winter?
Walking through the forest hungry?
He looks like a dog
Every tooth is a sharp knife!
He runs with his mouth bared,
Ready to attack a sheep. (Wolf)
Rushes without looking back
Only the heels sparkle.
He rushes with all his might,
The tail is shorter than the ear.
All the animals are scared
He's saving himself under a bush,
Yes, the wolf gets into trouble. (Hare)
Who deftly jumps through the Christmas trees?
And flies up into the oak trees?
Who hides nuts in a hollow,
Drying mushrooms for the winter? (Squirrel)
Less tiger, more cat
Above the ears there are brushes-horns.
Looks meek, but don't believe it:
This beast is terrible in anger! (Lynx)
Water craftsmen build a house without an axe. (Beavers)
Guide:
Now we offer to look at the ethnographic collection.
- How did the Khanty live before?
-What clothes do the Khanty wear?
- What do the Khanty like to do?
This concludes our excursion. Summarizing.
- In what year was our local history museum founded? (1994)
-Who took us to the museum? (guide)
- What did the guide talk about?
- Guys, after we got acquainted with the animal world of our region, we moved to another room. In which?
- What were you introduced to there? (with everyday life, how people lived before, what clothes they wore, with folk crafts).
- Guys, what did you like most about the museum?
Rybakova Yulia
Outline of the excursion to the Museum of Colored Stone named after. V. N. Dava
Prepared by Yulia Vladimirovna Rybkova, teacher of the first qualification category,
Vorobyova Elena Valerievna, teacher of the first qualification category, Municipal preschool educational institution of kindergarten No. 18 of general developmental type in the city of Monchegorsk
Outline of the excursion to the Museum of Colored Stone named after. V.N. Dawa
Target:
Give children knowledge about museum,
Introduce children to stones Kola Peninsula,
To cultivate a sense of respect for people who create beauty and give it to people. Preliminary Job:
Conversation about museums,
Looking at photo albums,
Didactic games.
Progress of the excursion.
Part 1 - introductory.
Conversation « Museum. What it is?" The teacher listens to the children's opinions and then talks about museum.
“People have always wanted to keep something unusual, interesting, or beautiful to show their children and grandchildren. Some people loved the paintings very much; some collected books, dishes, toys and other items. A large number of specific items is called a collection. There are collections of stamps, there are collections of paintings, etc. The collections were in the homes of those who collected them, and very few people could see them. Then people began to place their collections in special rooms where everyone could come and look at them. A room where you can look at collections of various items is called museum». Questions:
What are collections?
What room is it called? museum?
What are they for? museums?
Looking at the booklet « Museum of Colored Stone. VN. Dawa»
The teacher's story about the rules of behavior in museum. The teacher listens to the children's suggestions and then reads out the rules.
1. B museum You cannot talk loudly so as not to disturb other visitors.
2. B you can't run in the museum, jump, push.
3. B museum you should listen carefully tour guide: then you will learn a lot of interesting things.
4. Don't touch museum exhibits by hand.
The teacher invites the children to think about why you can't run in the museum, touch the exhibits with your hands and express your opinion after visiting museum.
The teacher invites the children to go to excursion to the museum.
Part 2 is educational.
Walking along the streets, remember their names (Leningradskaya embankment, Kirova Avenue, Metallurgov Street, draw children’s attention to the buildings (Secondary educational school No. 5 named after O.I. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, post office, Northern College of Physical Culture and Sports, children’s garden "Sun"); clarify their purpose.
Story guide about the Colored Stone Museum and its creator, mining engineer-geologist V. N. Dava.
Viewing exhibitions of minerals and products from colored stones.
A game "Good bad" - stones.
Part 3 is the final one.
A minute of communication - solving problematic issues "Why in you can't run in the museum, jump, push?” "Why can't you touch museum exhibits by hand?» Children's guesses.
Part 4 - work after excursions.
View slides.
Listening to excerpts from a musical work by Boris Asafiev "Stone flower» , based on the fairy tale of the same name by P. Bazhov.
Examination of rock samples and design of the collection stones.
Coloring stones in different colors and composing artistic compositions.
Olga Kremneva
Summary of the excursion to the Russian Izba Museum
Summary of an educational excursion to the museum« Russian hut»
in the preparatory group
Program content:
Continue to introduce children to traditions Russian people, With Russian hut - the home of a peasant family.
Develop the ability to examine household items, note their benefits and beauty.
To foster interest in the history of Russia, to evoke an emotional response.
Develop interest in Russian folklore, folk traditions.
Strengthen the ability to sculpt household utensils (bowls, spoons, cast iron)
Materials and equipment:
Household items
Plasticine, modeling boards, stacks
Integration with other educational regions:
Communication.
Fiction.
Artistic creativity.
Preliminary work:
Reading Russian folk tales.
Looking at illustrations for Russian folk tales.
Learning round dance songs, Russian folk games, dancing.
Sounds Russian folk music.
Educator: We are in museum our kindergarten, which is called « Russian hut» . Items that are in museum, are called exhibits, you cannot touch them with your hands, only look at them.
Educator: A long time ago in Rus', people built their homes from logs. These houses were called huts.
Educator: When you entered the hut, what did you see?
Children: Bake.
Educator: That’s right, upon entering the hut, they immediately looked at the stove attention: it takes up almost half of the hut.
And what is it for? (children's answer).
Guys, who knows the proverbs about the hut?
Let's talk them out:
“A house is not a house without a stove”.
“When it’s hot in the oven, then it’s cooked”.
“What is in the oven is all swords on the table”.
"Not red hut with corners, and red with pies"
Educator: Well done.
In the old days they talked about the stove So: “She is both a water-maid and a nurse, a body-warmer”. The whole way of life, the whole life of a peasant, is connected with the stove.
Notice what's next to the stove? (Poker, grip, cast iron).
The teacher makes a wish riddle:
Glade yard of red cows
The black one will come in and kick everyone out (poker)
The teacher shows the cast iron.
Why do you think it is needed? (Children's response).
They cooked porridge and cabbage soup in a cast iron pot.
It’s hot in the stove, you can’t put the cast iron on with your hands, and that’s what the grip is for.
(The teacher shows how to use a grip to place a cast iron pot in the oven).
This is the riddle I'll tell you, listen:
It horns, but it’s not a bull; it grabs, but it doesn’t eat.
He gives to people, but he himself goes on vacation.
(Grab).
Educator: Pay attention to the table. Why is the table as big as you think? (Children answer).
Yes, that's right, because in the past, in the old days, families were large. They sat down at the table on benches.
Why are the benches long and wide? (children's answer).
They sat on the benches during lunch, and at night they slept on the benches, since there was not enough room for everyone in the hut. Almost everything in the hut was done with one's own hands. On long winter evenings they cut bowls and wooden spoons, the girls embroidered and sewed clothes. Young girls and boys sang while doing manual work Russian folk songs, danced in circles, played games.
Let's play a round dance game with a ribbon.
Vanya went out for a walk (Vanya walks inside the circle with a ribbon in his hand, looking out for his friend, the children dance in a circle and sing)
I started choosing a girlfriend
I started choosing a girlfriend
Who should I give the ribbon to? (Children stop)
Bow down, take a bow (Vanya bows to the chosen girl, the girl answers)
Yes, hold on to the ribbon.
Educator: we played, now let’s continue the inspection museum. Please look at the bed, what a patchwork quilt you sewed yourself (Manually). And how beautifully the pillows are embroidered. Everything was done carefully, with love, and was not only useful, but also beautiful and pleasing to the eye. This desire for beauty and mastery were passed on from generation to generation.
And here is the spinning wheel. What do you think it was intended for? (Children's response).
Yes, the kids spun threads correctly on a spinning wheel. This is how they laid the tow (wool, linen). And they spun using another device - a spindle.
Mystery:
The more I spin
The fatter I become.
(Spindle).
Look at men's and women's clothing. U Russian Shirts are a feature of the cut of the collar; its cut is located not in the middle of the chest, but on the side. Hence the name kosovorotka; kosovorotkas were often decorated with embroidery. They belted the shirt with a belt - a sash. Belt (sash) was not only decoration, to it were hemmed: knife, spoon. The belt replaced pockets. (The teacher shows illustrations from Russian fairy tales) .
Women's clothing was presented as follows attributes: sundress, caftan (blouse, apron. Married women wore poneva - this is a skirt with unsewn edges and an apron. The most common shoe Russian people, there were bast shoes.
Educator: Every hut must have a red corner. In our museum-The hut also has a red corner. In the old days the word "red" meant: beautiful, main, solemn. Icons hang in the red corner. There is also a table and benches here. Guests were seated in the red corner and had a tea party from Russian samovar. They talked So:
Steam on top, steam on bottom
Ours hisses Russian samovar
You're welcome for a cup of tea!
This is how we live:
We chew gingerbread and drink tea
We invite everyone to visit.
Guys, let's make a cast iron pot, spoons, bowls from plasticine for our dolls, and maybe someone wants to make a samovar.
Lesson summary: - Guys, we visited today museum of our kindergarten« Russian hut» .
Did you like it? (Children's response).
What new have you learned? (Children's response).
Used Books: Vakhrushev A. A "hello world"
Publications on the topic:
In recent years, certain positive changes have occurred in the Russian preschool education system: the content of education is being updated.
Having considerable teaching experience working with preschool children, I always adhere to the idea of educating each child as best as possible.
Abstract of the educational activity “The Russian hut is beautiful with carvings” Abstract of the NOD “Russian Izbar-carving is red” Purpose: Studying the life of the Russian people, developing interest in the past, in the origins and customs of the Russian people.
Lesson summary “Journey to the past. Russian hut" Russian hut (journey to the past) Purpose and objectives: to introduce people to the life of people in ancient times; show and talk about objects.
