Book: S.F. Platonov “Old Russian tales and stories about the troubled times of the 17th century, as a historical source”

ANOTHER TALE

After that first story comes the second
legend, and where in the first story is the word
abbreviated, added here, and where in the first
The story has been written in full, but it’s abridged here.
This story was written by another author

In the summer of 7091, after the birth of the blessed Tsarevich Dmitry, the pious and Christ-loving Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus', the father of noble princes, fell ill with a physical illness. And when the tsar was already completely exhausted, he ordered his noble children, the faithful princes Fyodor and Dmitry, his faithful friend, ruler and well-wisher, well-behaved boyar Prince Ivan Petrovich Shuisky, and Prince Ivan Fedorovich Mstislavsky, and Nikita Romanovich Yuryev, so that they, our sovereigns , raised them and guarded their royal health with all care. And soon the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Ivan Vasilyevich gave his soul into the hands of God and, leaving the earthly kingdom, departed for the eternal bliss of the heavenly kingdom. And by the grace of God, in the trinity of the glorified God, after his father, the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Ivan Vasilyevich of blessed memory, by his blessing and command, Tsarevich Fedor reigned and sat on the highest throne of the God-protected Russian Kingdom in the Moscow State in the same 92 - m year, the month of May on the 1st day, in memory of the holy prophet Jeremiah, and became king of the entire Russian state. And his younger brother, the pious Tsarevich Dmitry, after the death of his father, remained in infancy, two years or less. He did not stay long in the state of his fatherland in the reigning city, and then with his mother he was sent to the region of the Russian state in the city of Uglich, where he suffered many sorrows and persecution from a certain person named Boris Godunov.

After a short time, the malicious devil penetrated the heart of one of the nobles, the above-mentioned Boris Godunov. This Boris was the brother-in-law of the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Fyodor Ivanovich. And Boris became like the Old Testament serpent, who once deceived Eve and our great-grandfather Adam in paradise and deprived them of the enjoyment of heavenly food. Likewise, this Boris began to seduce many boyars and nobles from the royal chamber, subjugated many high-ranking and rich merchants, attracted some with gifts, and others with threats, like a snake with hissing. And he saw himself among the royal ranks, revered above all, and began to hatch a devilish plan, and rose up against his master, Prince Ivan Petrovich Shuisky and his only brothers. At all times, the deceitful hate the righteous, and the devil’s custom is this: as soon as passion overtakes him, he becomes fiercer than a fierce beast. Even if such a person does good, he is still called evil, because a bitter fruit, even anointed with honey, does not become sweet. But, with God's help, he was unable to cause them any harm, and brought shame and curses upon himself.

And it became known to the national assembly 1 Moscow people that Boris was plotting evil against them, and they and all their relatives wanted to stone him without mercy. And Boris, seeing himself cursed and persecuted by all people, resorted to cunning and again began to seduce the great boyar Prince Ivan Petrovich and his relatives, Prince Vasily Ivanovich with his half-brothers, urging them to live with him in harmony and promised that he would not be angry with anyone else do not advise or plot advice, and together protect the life and health of the Tsar's Majesty. And the God-loving Prince Ivan Petrovich and his relatives, Prince Vasily Ivanovich and his brothers, like their ancestors, fearing God and maintaining in their hearts great faith in God and unfeigned truth to people, believed that the nosy Boris was telling the truth. After all, every kindly person believes every word, but an insidious person, on the contrary, begins to reflect. These same ones were kind and believed him and swore an oath among themselves to have love and kindness, as before.

But Boris, even after this oath, did not extinguish his evil fire and wanted to acquire glory beyond his measure, again began to plot in his evil plans what dirty tricks he could do for them, but even with that wickedness he was unable to cause any harm to the noble boyar Prince Ivan Petrovich and his relatives: they were preserved by the wing of the Lord. And again Boris began to open his wicked lips and, like a snake, exuding his deadly poison, he said that this noble boyar, Prince Ivan Petrovich, should preach to the people that he and his relatives had no anger and no suspicions against Boris, then, so that Boris would not be put to death by the Moscow people. And they thought that Boris was telling them the absolute truth without guile, and announced their decision to everyone. And having heard this, the Moscow people stopped being angry with Boris.

After some time, Prince Ivan Petrovich wished to inspect the royal grants and estates of his ancestors, and went to his estate 2 , which is in the vicinity of the city of Suzdal. And that crafty Boris, having forgotten his promise and retreated from the faith, seeing that the convenient time had come for the destruction of the prince, sent his accomplices after Prince Ivan Petrovich and ordered him to be seized, as if by sovereign command, from the chamber of his royal majesty, sent him into captivity to Beloozero and killed him there by violent death. And then he sent his relatives, Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky and his half-brothers, into captivity in different cities, and sent their brother Prince Andrei Ivanovich to Bui-gorod and there ordered him to be put to death by violent death. He also ordered many rich merchants to be executed in the middle of the city, and gave their houses to be plundered, and sent others into captivity in different cities, and orphaned many wives and killed many children. He did not fill his insatiable womb with a note of blood and tears and again fell upon his masters, on princes and boyars, and betrayed many of the nobles to various deaths, their number only God knows, and he could not quench his womb, thirsting for glory, with any blood.

Oh, cruel hour! How can you not shed tears about this? And how can my hand write about this? A traitor will rise up, like Judas Iscariot against his teacher Jesus Christ, the son of God, so that Boris is going to kill his sovereign, Tsarevich Prince Dmitry, which is what the accursed holy killer did. And that evil servant began to think about how he could tear out the divinely chosen royal root, seeking in every possible way the death of this namesake pious prince, not wanting to leave an heir to their fatherly throne, wanting to receive the kingdom himself. Forgetting God, who saves his chosen ones, he insulted and oppressed this pious prince, more than once sending him deadly poison, hoping to kill him. The prince accepted all this with joy, knowing that the enemy’s power is powerless against the power of God, and in everything he followed the humility of his master Christ, as he had to suffer from everyone, without any doubt, without forgetting what was said: “Trust in the Lord, for he is refuge from sorrow,” and endured all persecution with joy. And that crafty slave, seeing all this, could not do anything, could not cause any harm to the pious prince, and sent his advisers and servants to the city of Uglich - clerk Mikhail Bityagovsky and his nephew Nikita Kachalov. And he commanded them to cut off that royal young and beautifully blossoming branch, the noble Tsarevich Dmitry, to harvest him like an unripe ear, to put to death the gentle baby, to slaughter him like a lamb...

And they, sent by the envious Boris Godunov, came to Uglich, harboring evil intentions and plotting another crime against the saint, daring to put their pious master to innocent death, and he was eight years old at that time. But they did not abandon their malice, secretly acting and achieving what they were commanded until they reached the goal, as the ancient Jews were going to kill the Lord Christ our God. And the envious slave named above, who raised his hand against his master, wanted to secretly kill this pious prince, but did not know what the scripture says: “Woe to the wicked, for evil will be rewarded to them for the works of their hands.” And the unmerciful young men, who were named above, began to wait for a convenient hour to put to death the holy and pious prince. And one day, as children usually do, the holy youth went out to play, and those evil youths, like merciless wolves, attacked the saint 3 , and one of them pulled out a knife, mercilessly hit the saint on the neck and cut his larynx. The lawless put him to death like a gentle lamb, and then the wicked murderers took revenge for the blood of the righteous: they were beaten by the people of that city. The holy soul of the pious and victorious martyr Tsarevich Dmitry, flying to the heavenly villages and to the throne of the trisolar deity, saw and enjoyed the unspeakable, the divine and the unthinkable (...). And his honest and suffering body remained on the ground, stained with blood, shining like the sun. And it was laid in the same city of Uglich in the church of the magnificent Transfiguration of the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ (...).

And again that Boris began to desire in his heart with an incessant desire and, as if with an unquenchable fire, to burn, vigilantly all day and night thinking about the power of the Moscow state and all of great Russia, how and in what way to seize the royal throne and fulfill his desire without shame. And first he began to inquire from the magi and star-speakers, collecting them from many countries and peoples and bringing them to the Moscow state in the royal name and asking whether he could achieve the royal throne and be king. And they, seeing his great desire and leading him into greater anticipation and joy, telling him that he was born under the royal star and will be the king of great Russia. And, saying this, they accepted honor and a great salary from him for a short time, then he insidiously and secretly put them to death (...).

And the year came of the departure from this world to the heavenly dwellings of the holy and righteous sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich, autocrat of all Rus', seventh thousand 106 4 of the month of January on the 6th day, and his death was due to an unjust murder committed by the same Boris. Oh, how can I remain silent about this? If we remain silent, the stones will cry out. And this tree, bearing noble fruit and planted by the hand of the all-generous eternal god, was cut down and uprooted by the same Boris, even until his death. And as before, having a crafty and sneaky disposition, he deceived the boyars and royal advisers and nobles, and rulers, and merchants, and all sorts of people, some with gifts, others with love, and others with an evil prohibition, and none of the boyars or ordinary people dared to contradict him . And so that Boris, after the departure to God of the Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus', began to send his evil advisers and servants to the reigning city of Moscow and throughout all the hundreds and throughout the settlements and throughout all the cities of the Russian region to all people, so that the whole world would ask for Boris's state. The boyars, and rulers and nobles, and the entire royal ranks, and merchants, and the entire people of the Moscow state, were afraid of Borisov’s evil persecution and execution and internecine warfare, and his supporters and advisers tried and, according to God’s instructions, no one dared to oppose Boris and say the words. And the people, taught by the evil advisers and servants of Boris, although they did not want him to become king, were afraid of his evil persecution and begged him before the boyars and rulers and nobles and before the royal council to accept the scepter of great Russia. And therefore, those who were worthy of this honor did not dare to achieve it, thinking that the people were turning to Boris out of true heartfelt love, and not through captivity.

He, a malicious, crafty swindler, had been wanting and striving for this for many years, but here, reluctantly and slowly, giving in to persuasion and refusing more than once, he offered to elect more worthy ones. And he himself went to the great Lavra of the Mother of God, built in memory of the miracle of the Smolensk icon of the Maiden Monastery, and there he served his sister Queen Irina, already the nun Alexandra, and many people every day asked him to accept the kingdom. He was ashamed and afraid of his sister, nun Alexandra, because she did not allow him to do this, because she knew how long he had wanted this and how much innocent blood had been shed for this by the great boyars who ruled the Russian state and served their sovereign truly and rightly, He also destroyed merchants and people of all kinds. His advisers and supporters forced people to pray and beat the nun to the great empress Alexandra and ask her brother Boris for the kingdom, and so they begged Alexandra in large numbers every day with great crying and crying.

And the great boyars, descended from the scepter-power root, relatives of the great sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fedor Ivanovich of All Rus' and themselves worthy of accepting the scepter, did not want to elect a king among themselves, but gave the decision to the will of the people, for they were already great under the kings, and honest and glorious, not only in Great Rus', but also in other countries. And even those who did not want Boris did not dare to speak against him because of his evil and crafty disposition. As in Constantinople, by God's will, Foka the Tormentor 5 killed the meek king of Mauritius and seized the Greek kingdom, and now Boris in Moscow is seizing the kingdom through guile and untruth. Collected Many people to the honorable monastery were forced by Boris's supporters to beg the great empress nun Alexandra to brow and ask for the state of her brother Boris, and they even more strongly begged with a great cry the nun Alexandra to bless her brother Boris for the Moscow state. And so the people bothered her for many days. The boyars and nobles stood in front of her in the cell, and others stood on the porch outside the cell by the window, and many people stood in the square. Many were brought in unwillingly, and the order was established - if anyone does not come to ask Boris for the state, they demand two rubles a day. Many bailiffs were also assigned to them, forcing them to scream and shed tears with great cries. But where can there be tears if there is no tenderness and zeal and love for him in the heart? And instead of tears, they wet their eyes with saliva... And with such cunning they turned her to mercy that, seeing the zeal of the whole people for him and not being able to hear and see many cries and complaints among the people, he gives them free rein to install Boris in the Moscow state.

And people again began to beat their foreheads and beg Boris Fedorovich Godunov to take the scepter of great Russia into his hand (...). And the patriarch, seeing the people’s zeal and care for Boris, wanted Boris more than anyone else for the state, and Boris’s supporters and well-wishers forced Patriarch Job to do this. And the patriarch with the entire consecrated cathedral takes the icon of the Most Pure Mother of God, painted by the Evangelist Luke 6 , and other holy icons and relics and carry them on foot to where the people prayed to Boris. He seemed ashamed of the coming of the image of the Mother of God, and accepted the scepter of the Russian state, and was crowned with the royal crown in 107, September 3, and reigned for seven years. And during his reign of great Russia, he began to strengthen himself and assert himself, so that he could remain for many days and years, holding the scepter of great Russia, and after him his family would hold the scepter, and then sending many boyars and nobles to distant and different cities and various evil deaths killing them and uprooting the royal family.

Oh, beloved brothers! Don't be surprised at the beginning, but see what the end will be like. Seeing this all-seeing, ever-watchful eye, Christ unjustly seized the scepter of the Russian region, and wanted to take revenge on him for the shedding of the innocent blood of his new passion-bearers, Tsarevich Dmitry, who shone in miracles, and the Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus' and others, innocently killed by him, and his fury and expose the unjust murders and set an example for his other supporters so that they do not follow his crafty cruelty.

And he let the enemy attack him, the remaining brand from the burning of Sodom and Gomorrah 7 or an unburied dead man, a monk (according to the words of John Climacus: “Every monk will die before he dies, his cell will be his coffin”) - a criminal, I will cut off Grishka Otrepiev, also from the Russian region, from the city of Galich, from the unborn people of Yushka Yakovlev’s son Otrepiev, like that same saint-killer Boris Godunov. And that Yushka remained after his father very little with his mother and was taught by her the divine scripture. Having learned one Book of Hours and the Psalms of David 8 , he left his mother and began to soar in the reigning city of Moscow. And after some time he happened to talk with the abbot of the Assumption Monastery Trifon, Vyatka region, city of Khlynov, and that abbot Tryfon persuaded him to become a monk. And on the advice of that abbot, he took monastic vows, and he was given the name Gregory, and he was then 14 years old. And he went to the city of Suzdal and began to live in the monastery of the all-merciful Savior in the Evfimyev Monastery, and from that monastery he moved in the same district to the monastery of the Savior, called on Kuksa. And I don't want to talk much about it. He lived while traveling in many monasteries, and again returned to the reigning city of Moscow and began to live in the Chudov Monastery. And by the will of the rector of that honorable Lavra, Archimandrite Paphnutius, he was ordained deacon by His Holiness Job, Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus'.

And wanting to seek and comprehend with zeal the wisdom of godless books, he fell into a fierce heresy. And when he lived in the reigning city of Moscow, he was known to many worldly people, also to rulers and many monks. And from Chudov he moved to the monastery of Nikola on Ugresh and began to ascend in his madness and fell into fierce heresy, like the insane Arius, who fell from the heights and with his wisdom descended to the bottom of hell. And a little later he left the St. Nicholas Monastery on Ugresh and settled in Kostroma in a communal monastery 9 John the Baptist on Zhelezny Bork. And from there they again came to Moscow and then, leaving the Orthodox Christian faith, they fled to Lithuania, and he seduced two monks to go with him - the monk Misail Povadin and the monk Varlaam. And the flight of him and the elders was as follows:

The message of Elder Varlaam, given after
assassination of Tsar Vasily
Ivanovich of all Russia

The Tsar Sovereign and Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich of All Rus' is hit with his forehead and the beggar pilgrim Varlaam informs your Sovereign. In the past, sir, in the 110th year of Lent, in the second week on Monday, I go, sir, with the Barbarian sacrum 10 , and a young monk approached me from behind, and he, having said a prayer and bowed to me, began to ask me: “Elder, from which honorable monastery are you?” And I told him that I took tonsure in old age, and the tonsure of the Nativity of the Most Pure One of the Pafnotiev Monastery. “And what rank do you have, are you a Kryloshan, and what is your name?” And I told him my name - Varlaam. And I began to ask him: “Which honorable monastery are you from and what rank do you have and what is your name?” And he told me: “I lived in the Chudov Monastery, and I have the rank of deacon, and my name is Gregory, and my nickname is Otrepiev.” And I said to him: “What do you want from Zamyatnya and Smirnaya Otrepieva?” And he told me that Zamyatnya is his grandfather, and Smirnoy is his uncle.” And I told him: “What do you care about me?” And he said: “I lived in the Miracle Monastery with Archimandrite Paphnotius in his cell and praised the Moscow miracle workers Peter, Alexei and Jonah 11 . Yes, I lived with Patriarch Job, and the patriarch, seeing my abilities, began to take me to the royal Duma with him, and I entered into great glory, but I don’t want to not only see, but also hear, glory and earthly wealth, and I want from Moscow go to a distant monastery. And there is a monastery in Chernigov, and we will go to that monastery.” And I told him: “You lived in Chudov with the patriarch, but you won’t get used to Chernigov, because, I heard, the Chernigov Monastery is not a great place.” And he told me: “I want to go to Kyiv to the Pechersky Monastery, and in the Pechersky Monastery many elders saved their souls.” And I told him that the Paterik of Pechersk 12 read. Yes, he told me: “Let’s live in the Pechersk monastery, and let’s go to the holy city of Jerusalem, to the Church of the Resurrection of the Lord and to the Holy Sepulcher.” And I told him that the Pechersk Monastery is abroad in Lithuania, and you can’t go abroad. And he told me: “The sovereign of Moscow and the king made peace for twenty-two years, and now it has become simple, and there are no outposts.” And I told him: “To save the soul and to see the Pechersk Monastery and the holy city of Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulcher, let’s go.”

And, sir, we swore by the Christian faith that we should go, we postponed it until another day and set a date to meet in the Icon Row. And the next day they met in the Icon Row, and he also had the monk Mikhailo agree to go, and in the world his name was Mikhail Povadin, I knew him from Prince Ivan Ivanovich Shuisky. And we went across the Moscow River and hired carts to Volkhov, and from Volkhov to Karachev, and from Karachev to Novgorod Seversky. And in Novgorod he agreed, and we were accepted into the Transfiguration Monastery, and the builder 13 Zakhary Likharev put us on the choir 14 , and that deacon Grishka served mass with the priests at the Annunciation and went for the icon of the Most Pure One. And in the third week after Easter, on Monday, we got ourselves a guide Ivashka Semenov, a retired old man, and went to Starodub and Starodub district, and the guide Ivashko took us abroad to the Lithuanian land, and the first Lithuanian city that we passed was Loev Castle, and the other is Lyubets, and the third is Kyiv. And in Kyiv, in the Pechersky Monastery, Archimandrite Elisha received us, and we lived in Kyiv for only three weeks, and Grishka wanted to go to the Kyiv governor, Prince Vasily Ostrozhsky, and asked for leave from the brethren and from Archimandrite Elisha Pletenetsky.

And I spoke to Archimandrite Elisha and the brethren about him and struck with my forehead that he was going to live in Kyiv in the Pechersk Monastery for the sake of spiritual salvation, and then go to the holy city of Jerusalem to the Holy Sepulcher, and now he is going into the world to Prince Vasily of Ostrog and wants a monastic dress reset, and he will steal, and lie to God and the Most Pure Mother of God. And Archimandrite Elisha and the brethren told me: “Here the land in Lithuania is free: whoever wants whatever faith he wants, stays in that.” And I beat my forehead to the archimandrite and the brethren so that they would allow me to live in their Pechersk monastery, but the archimandrite and the brethren did not allow me: “Four of you came, four of you go away.” And they came to Ostrog, to Prince Vasily of Ostrog, this Prince Vasily abides in the true Christian faith. And we spent the summer with him, and in the fall, Prince Vasily sent me and Misail Povadin on his pilgrimage to the Derman Monastery of the Life-Giving Trinity. And Grishka went to the city of Goshcheya to see Pan Gosky, and in Goshcheya he threw off his monastic dress and became a layman, and in Goshcheya he began to study at school in Latin and Polish, and the Luthor literacy, and became an apostate and violator of the laws of the existing Orthodox Christian faith. And I, sir, from the monastery went to Ostrog to Prince Vasily and beat Prince Vasily with my forehead, so that Prince Vasily would order him to be returned from Goshcheya and make him a monk and a deacon in the old way, and would order him to be sent to us to the Dermansky monastery. And Prince Vasily and all his courtyard people told me: “This is the land here - as anyone wants, he abides in that faith.” Yes, the prince told me: “My son, Prince Yanysh, was born in the Christian faith, but he adheres to the Lyash faith, and I cannot appease him. And now he is Pan of Krakow in Goshchei.” And Grishka spent the winter with him in Goshcheya, and after Easter he went missing from Goshcheya and found himself in the city of Brachin with Prince Adam Vishnevetsky and called Prince Adam Prince Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich Uglitsky.

And that prince Adam, a hawk moth and a madman, believed that Grishka and began to carry him in chariots and on horses, accompanied by people. From Brashno, Prince Adam went to Vishnevets and took Grishka with him and took him to the noble lords and called him Tsarevich Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Uglitsky. And in Vishnevets Grishka Otrepiev lived with him for the summer and spent the winter. And after Easter, Prince Adam sent Grishka to Krakow to King Sigismund, and Prince Adam told the king about him that he was Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich Uglitsky. And the king called him to his hand, and he began to seduce him, calling himself Tsarevich Dmitry, the son of the blessed sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of all great Russia, the autocrat.

And Grishka himself began to cry and say to the king: “Have you heard about the Moscow Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus', the autocrat, how great and formidable he was, how famous he was in many states? And I am his own son, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich. And how by God’s judgment our father died in the Russian state, and our brother Fyodor Ivanovich of all Rus' remained king in the Moscow state, and our traitors exiled me to Uglich and more than once sent many thieves and ordered them to damage me and kill me. And by God’s will and his strong right hand, who sheltered us from their evil intentions, who want to betray us to an evil death, the merciful God did not want to fulfill their evil thoughts, and he sheltered me with invisible force and preserved me for many years, right up to our present age. And now, having matured, with God’s help I am thinking of going to the throne of my ancestors, to the Moscow state.” And saying this, she sheds many tears. “And even then, you, dear king, can understand: as soon as your servant kills you, or your brother, or your son, what will it be like for you at that time? Understand from this what it is like for me now.” And I told him and told him many other things.

Yes, the same thing was said to the king and called Grishka Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich Uglitsky by the five Khripunov brothers, and Petrushka, the man of Istoma Mikhneva, and Ivashka Shvar, and Ivashka, who brought us abroad, and the people of Kiev, the townspeople. And that Grishka with Prince Adam Vishnevetsky asked the king for leave to go to Sambir.

And I told the king about that Grishka that he is not Tsarevich Dmitry, he is a monk, his name is Grishka, but his nickname is Otrepiev, but he walked with me from Moscow together. And the king and the glad gentlemen did not believe me and sent me to him, to Grishka, in Sambir, to the governor of Sandomierz, to Pan Yuri Mnishek, and they wrote a sheet about me. And how they brought me to Sambir, and undressed me, Grishka took off my monastic dress and ordered me to beat and torture. Yes, Grishka began to talk and talk about us, about me and about the son of the boyar Yakov Pykhachev, as if we were sent from Tsar Boris in order to kill him. And that Yakov Pykhachev, the defrocked one, and the Sandomierz governor ordered him to be executed by death, and he, Yakov, even before the execution called him the defrocked Grishka Otrepyev. And after beating and torturing me, he ordered me to be shackled and thrown into prison.

And on the fifteenth day of August, that defrocked man went to war to Moscow, for the Dormition of the Most Pure Mother of God, and ordered me to be kept in prison in Sambir. And they kept me in Sambir for five months, and Pan Yurya’s wife and his daughter Marina rescued me and gave me freedom, and I lived in Kyiv in the Pechersky Monastery. And in the year 113, for our sins, by God's permission, but by the devil's delusion, and his enemy of God, cursed by the entire ecumenical council, the heretic Grishka was stripped of his hair by evil intent, taught by the devil, how he, the heretic, came to Moscow, and I I was in Kyiv at the Chernigov monastery. And about that, sir, ask Pan Yuri Mnishek and his daughter, how he ordered my comrade Yakov Pykhachev to be executed, and how, having chained me, he left me in Sambir, and how Yuri Mnishek’s wife and daughter released me - Pan knows about it all Yuri Mnishek and his daughter Marina and all his courtyard people.”

This story ends here. Let's return to what we left behind and talk about the gathering of Trishkin's army and his campaign to Moscow.

The Lithuanian people and the Zaporozhye Cossacks learned about this in Kyiv that the real Tsarevich Dmitry, the native son of the blessed sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich, the autocrat of all great Russia, hid from his traitors and from their villainous intentions, because they wanted to put him to an evil death, hid , lived unknown to anyone until manhood, and is now mature, and is thinking of going to the throne of his ancestors, to the Moscow state, and has already been truly tested by the king himself, and the king promised to support him and help him take over the Moscow state. And everyone, considering him a true prince, joined him. And then Russian Cossacks from the Don came to him in Lithuania and returned with him to the estate of Pan Adam Vishnevetsky.

And after some time the king wanted to see him, and finding him young and eloquent, he recognized him as a true prince and promised to help him. And he, malicious, promised to give the king of the Russian region the city of Smolensk and all the other cities of the Seversk country, even to Mozhaisk, and to be in the same faith with him. And the Lithuanian king for this ordered to convene free people to help him. And he, the accursed one, sent to the pope in Rome, and there he called himself Tsarevich Dmitry, and ordered the pope to ask for help in order to obtain the Russian state, and promised the pope to accept their Roman faith, calling it the right faith, and to trample the Orthodox Christian faith and destroy the churches of God, and put up churches instead of churches. And in response to these promises, the Pope gave him gold and silver and other valuables, and the Lithuanian king gathered as many troops as he needed.

On the 15th day of August 112, the evil one moved to the Russian borders along two roads: from Kyiv across the Dnieper River, and others went along the Crimean Road. And in the year 113, November, on the 26th day, approaching Moravsk, he began to send out scriptures and seduce with the enemy’s charms, we make wise and teach by Satan himself, in Murom, in Chernigov and in Kursk and in other cities, to governors and clerks and all service people, and to all merchants and trade and black people, calling themselves thus:

“From the Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus' to the governors by name in each city. By the will of God and his strong right hand, who hid us from our traitor Boris Godunov, who wanted to betray us to an evil death, and the merciful God did not want to fulfill his malicious thoughts, God hid me, your born sovereign, with invisible force and preserved me for many years. And I, Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich, have now reached adulthood and, with God’s help, am going to the throne of our ancestors, the Moscow state and all the states of the Russian kingdom. And you, who belong to us by birth, would remember the Orthodox Christian true faith, the kissing of the cross, on which you kissed the cross to our father, to the Tsar of blessed memory and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus' and to us, his children, who wanted good for us in everything and except our royal family does not want or look for another sovereign for the Moscow state. And how, by God’s judgment, our father and brother were no longer in the state, and through wickedness and violence that Boris became the king of the state, but you did not know about us, your born sovereign, and kissed the cross for him out of ignorance. And now you recognize us, your sovereign sovereign, and from our traitor Boris Godunov come to us and from now on we, your born sovereign, serve without deception and goodness, just like our father, Tsar Tsar of blessed memory and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of all Rus'. And I will begin to favor you according to my royal merciful custom and even more, and to keep you in honor, and we want to keep all Orthodox Christianity in silence, in peace and in a prosperous life.”

And the people in those cities - in Murom, in Chernigov, in Kursk, and in the Komaritsa volost, and in Putivl, and in Rylsk, and in Starodub, and in Roma (...) no one began to fight with him: wherever he went , everywhere they opened the fortress gates to him and showed him proper worship and brought him gifts that were due to the royal majesty. And his other army, which marched along the Crimean road, annexed the cities of Narev, Belgorod and many other cities and villages to him. And that Grishka went to the New Seversky city 15 , and the governors Prince Nikita Romanovich Trubetskoy and Pyotr Fedorovich Basmanov were sitting in it, and they did not want to surrender to him, but prepared weapons. And he began to approach the city with his army and fire mercilessly from cannons and arquebuses at the city, and they smashed the fortress right up to the earthen rampart. And the governors and citizens sitting in the fortress, seeing the destruction of the fortress walls, came up with a cunning thing: they began to beat him with their foreheads and ask for mercy for the reason that, out of ignorance, they defended themselves against him, and now they recognized their born sovereign; stop working, breaking the fortress, we put all our shields and weapons in front of you, and are now ready to open the fortress to you and will greet you with due honor, like everyone else. And he, having heard this, was glad and ordered those shooting at the fortress to stop shooting. And the besieged secretly prepared shields and pointed cannons and squeaks, and raised sabers, and prepared all kinds of weapons against them, and they themselves, like wolves, lay down under the shields and hid in secret places, and opened the city gates. They, not knowing this, like wild hungry animals hunting for prey, hurried in front of each other to be the first to enter the city, and walked closely, pushing each other. And having sufficiently launched them into the fortress, the besieged began to hit the entire army, as if against a wall, with all kinds of weapons, and as if they had paved a bridge under the city walls and in the gates with people, but the gates were closed, and of those who entered the fortress, they beat some , and they took others alive, and killed up to four thousand of them, while others, seeing this, ran away.

And Grishka Stripped, seeing their efforts and similar honor to himself from the townspeople: instead of crosses and images of spears and sabers, instead of censers - guns and squeaks, instead of fragrant incense - gunpowder smoke and stench, instead of sweet fruits, tasting cannon and squeal balls, anointed not with honey , but with deadly poison - and so the filthy one was filled with shame and anger and again ordered to begin the hail. And the townspeople became even bolder and, as if one heart was beating in everyone’s chest, they stood up for battle and fought hard with them. They, standing under the hail, laid down a lot of heads, but achieved nothing.

And Tsar Boris, having heard that Grishka Rasstriga calls himself Tsarevich Dmitry and many cities are going over to him without a fight, and is standing under the New Seversky City, - and sends a governor from Moscow to the rescue of the city, Prince Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky, and Prince Vasily Ivanovich, and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky and with them many governors with many troops. When they approached the city and began to help the besieged, army and army met. Just as two clouds filled with water become dark before the rain falls on the earth, so those two armies, converging to shed human blood, covered the earth, wanting to overcome one another. And just as there is thunder in the heavenly clouds, so in the earthly clouds the roar of arquebuses sounded, and fire flashed like lightning in the dark darkness, and bullets and arrows whistled through the air, flying out of countless bows, and people fell like sheaves in ravines. And so the two armies came together, and there was a great battle, they chopped, grabbed each other by the hand, and there was a scream and noise from human voices and such a roar of weapons that the earth shook, and it was impossible to hear what one was saying to the other. And the battle was terrible, just like on the Don with Grand Duke Dmitry and Mamai, this battle was full of horror and fear.

And Grishka cunningly prepared for battle: many of his people and horses were dressed in bear skins and sheep skins turned inside out, other horses had braids on both sides, and they cut people in cramped conditions and do a lot of evil. And the horses of the Moscow army recoiled from those horses and did not go to the enemy. And in that confusion they began to kill and overcome even more, and so the Moscow army was mixed up, and in this confusion they beat many people, and reached the very voivode’s banner, and with human bodies they paved the ground, as if with a bridge, and human blood flowed along the ground in streams, and seriously wounded the governor himself, Prince Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky 16 . And so Grishka’s army defeated him, and Boris’s army fled (...).

About the second battle of Dobrynichi 17

And again the bloodthirsty lion does not sleep, with his beasts, as if at a wedding feast, he strives for bloodshed, to lap up Christian blood and eat human flesh, gathering regiments of military people. But these Moscow Borisov governors are not afraid of his teeth, but even more boldly oppose him and take up arms with brave hearts to take revenge on him for the previously shed Christian blood. Like clear falcons on gray ducklings, or like white gyrfalcons clean their beaks to peck, and sharp claws to pierce flesh, and spread their wings, and prepare their shoulders for bird killing, so the Christian champions of the Orthodox faith, put on the armor of a commander with Christ-loving with their army against the saint of Satan and his army beloved by demons, they take up weapons and shields and call on God and the Most Pure Mother of God, the Christian intercessor and helper, and the Moscow miracle workers and all the saints for help.

And they began to converge at Dobrynichi near Komaritsa volost; A few days after the first battle, both armies lined up, and there was a second battle, more fierce than the first. They tried to defeat each other, and many, many people fell on both sides, like trees bent over or like sheaves lay along ravines, and no one wanted to retreat from the other, but each wanted to hit the other, and they killed each other. It was scary and terrible to see this; there was a great and fierce battle, and a lot of blood was shed. And the Moscow governor, Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, could not see the blood being shed, became enraged in his heart, and smartly and bravely with his regiment of his right hand rushed at the army of the saint of Satan and, dividing it in two, cut it like grass, overturned those opposing, and those who were afraid of death , ran away from him and cleared his way. With the regiment of his left hand, Ivan Ivanovich Godunov also showed his courage: bravely and courageously he attacks and beats the enemy, as he cuts through the streets, no one can stand up against him. So other commanders and heads could not resist, they stepped out strongly and unanimously and crushed his entire army, and they, showing their backs, ran. And they pursued them and cut them down from behind without mercy, and they beat many of them and took many alive, and few of them escaped. And Prince Ivan Tatev took the damned one to the city of Rylsk, and from there he fled to the city of Putivl. And if Prince Ivan Tatev had not saved him then, he himself would have been killed here. But for our sins, he remained alive to once again shed Christian blood and defeat Tsar Boris.

And the damned Grishka Otrepyev was overwhelmed with even more fear and great trepidation and, having lost all hope, began to think about escaping to Lithuania. And Tsar Boris was filled with rage and anger at the inhabitants of the Komaritsa volost 18 and ordered her to be taken into great captivity and devastated to the end for the fact that they had given themselves up and served the Stripping, and to flog all Orthodox Christians, young and old, with a sword, and to torture others with various torments, which was done. And who, even having a stone instead of a heart, did not cry and groan about how the Orthodox Christians of the Komaritsa volost were conquered by Tsar Boris? And the filthy foreign peoples cannot do what Tsar Boris did, pouring out his anger and rage, with many torments, without mercy, tormented and killed not only husbands, but also wives, and innocent babies sucking milk, and beat many of them - from man and to cattle. And their property was plundered, and their houses were devastated and burned with fire, everything was turned to ashes, so that the unprecedented evil of his captivity is impossible to describe.

And when Grishka Rasstriga wanted to flee to Lithuania, all the townspeople and all the people who submitted to him began to beg him with tears and ask him: “Oh, great sovereign! You are going to go back to Lithuania, and who are you leaving us with? Or will you deliver us into the hands of your traitor Boris, so that he will captivate us as well as the Komarinsky inhabitants, and torture us with cruel and bitter torments? It’s better to order our heads to be cut off, but don’t deliver us alive into the hands of Boris. Oh, great trouble has befallen us! We sailed from one shore, but did not reach the other shore, and now we are standing in the middle of the sea. We are completely lost: we abandoned Boris, but we couldn’t hold on to you, we don’t know what to do. We have only one way to salvation: not to let you go, but to beat Boris with our forehead and pay for our guilt with your head.” And Grishka answered them: “I don’t have an army now, you see, everything is broken, I barely ran away, and my entire treasury is depleted. I don’t think at all about running away and leaving my homeland, but I want to go to Lithuania for the treasury and the army, so that I can fight with greater strength for the Orthodox states of my homeland.” And they said to him: “Take, sir, everything we have, and then we will all go with you, and we will all perish or receive life and honor from you.” And they brought him all the silver, as many as they had: some a thousand rubles, some a hundred, some more, some less. And Grishka, with the help of that silver, barely held on; appeared of his own free will, and now he was forced to stay, unwillingly, because his new subjects did not want to part with him alive. And again Grishka settled in Putivl and began to gather an army from as many as he could. And Tsar Boris rejoiced a lot about this.

And in the city of Kromy, the Cossack ataman Grishka Korela settled in the same heretical army 19 with the Cossacks and the Kromlyans. And Tsar Boris sends his governor, boyar Fyodor Ivanovich Sheremetev, to Kromy with a large army. And they, approaching the city, besieged the fortress and began to storm the walls, but the defenders of the city killed many troops and shed a lot of Christian blood. And Tsar Boris also sent the governor - Prince Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky with a large army to quickly take the city. And the governors gathered troops and bravely and courageously attacked the fortress, fired cannons at the fort and the city, and used all sorts of battering tricks, and they smashed the fort and the city to the ground. But those Cossacks, malicious and treacherous, not afraid of death and disobedient and patient with all hardships, sat in holes on the ground and fought with the besiegers from underground, and made forays from the city. And so, having failed to take the cities, the Moscow governors stood near Kromy until spring. And then many people in the army died from the winter cold, since the time was very cold and there were terrible frosts.

And Tsar Boris in the Moscow state and in other states and cities of the Russian state ordered His Holiness Patriarch Job and the noble boyar and governor Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky to convince people, for the Tsar and Grand Duke Fedor Ivanovich of All Rus' of blessed memory sent them to inspect and bury the body of the murdered noble. Tsarevich Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, his brother. And he commanded them to preach at the top of their voices to the crowd of many people from the Moscow state, saying: “Oh, the multitude of all the people! Do not doubt and do not believe the rumors, for truly Tsarevich Dmitry was killed, I saw him with my own eyes and even buried him in the city of Uglich in the Church of the magnificent Transfiguration of the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ, and you will pray for him. And Grishka Otrepiev, undressed, is coming at us, calling himself by his prince’s name, and you curse him.” And letters were sent to states and cities. But people did not believe anyone - neither the Holy Patriarch, nor Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, and so they said to each other: “This is on the orders of Boris and they are saying this out of fear of him.”

And Tsar Boris ordered in the cathedral church to loudly read the eternal memory of the noble Tsarevich and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich, and to curse Grishka Otrepiev, who was going to the Moscow State, to remove his hair; He also ordered the states of great Russia to do the same. But he achieved nothing by this, and people throughout the Russian state were even more indignant and angry at him in their hearts, saying: “If not this, what else can Boris say? If he doesn’t speak like that, then he will have to renounce the Russian kingdom and risk his life.” And so they supported each other.

Others said otherwise, as if Tsar Boris was truly Tsarevich and to this day considers the Tsarevich killed, but does not know that another was killed in his place: having long known Boris’s evil thoughts against the Tsarevich, that he wants to secretly kill him unknown where and at what time, mother The prince fed another child instead of the prince, and the prince himself was sent to faithful people for observance, and God thus saved him from the murder and destruction of Borisov, and now he has matured and is going to his ancestral throne. And wishing for his arrival in Moscow, when they learn about his victory over the Moscow troops of Boris, they rejoice; when they learn that the Moscow troops have won a victory over the expected Dmitry, who is coming to Moscow, they walk in sorrow, hanging their heads. And the slanderers whispered to Tsar Boris about those who said that Dmitry was coming, and not the defrocked one, and that he was taking the real defrocked one with him and showing him off so that people would not doubt. And for such words, Tsar Boris ordered their tongues to be cut out, and others to be put to death with many different torments, but he could not prevent the people from having these conversations and hoping.

And Boris heard that his governors had not returned a single city to him, but even more cities were falling away from him and swearing allegiance to Grishka, while Grishka himself was standing in Putivl, gathering a great army from Lithuania and from other states, filled with rage and breathing anger like an insatiable the viper boasts and wants to come against Tsar Boris, but not as a king, but as a servant. And Tsar Boris, seeing the infidelity of all the people who were ready to serve the approaching self-proclaimed Tsarevich Dmitry and were waiting for him, was in great doubt, wondering what to do if the impostor really turned out to be not a defrocked man, but Tsarevich Dmitry. And he completely despaired of saving his life and intoxicated himself with a deadly potion 20 and he took monastic vows and was named Bogolep by the monks. And soon he died a bitter and violent death from a fierce poison, so that his appearance changed from convulsions, and his whole body turned black like coal, and it is impossible to describe what he became from the fierce potion. And he ordered to be buried in the cathedral church of the Archangel Michael with the other kings buried here. He died in the year 113, on the 13th day of April, and after him remained his wife Queen Maria, his son Fedor, and his daughter the maiden Ksenia, but he remained king for 7 years and five weeks.

After the death of Boris, his son Fyodor was named sovereign in the kingdom of Moscow, and he sent to the regiments for the governors Prince Fyodor Mstislavsky and Prince Vasily, and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky and called them to Moscow. And instead of them, two half-brothers, Prince Vasily and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Golitsyn, Mikhail Saltykov, and Ivan Ivanovich Godunov, remained as governors. And he sends to their regiments the governor of Prince Mikhail Katyrev-Rostovsky and Pyotr Fedorovich Basmanov, and Metropolitan Isidor of Novgorod to lead the army to kiss the cross to Fedor Borisovich, his mother Maria, and his sister Ksenia. And they arrived in the regiments in Kromy, where the Metropolitan began to lead the army to the kiss of the cross. Some in the regiments kissed the cross for them, while others did not want to kiss the cross and sent the Metropolitan to Moscow.

The Moscow governors Prince Vasily and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Golitsyn, and Pyotr Basmanov, seeing doubt and confusion in the regiments, and the cities were dying from the confusion, they themselves doubted and believed that Rasstriga was the native son of the sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus' and remembered about the mercy towards them of the Tsar of blessed memory: “Would a low-born and unglorious man from the village, Grishka Rasstriga, dare to start such a thing? And not without intention, the Polish and Lithuanian king helps him, and the Russian people with their cities come under his rule, and all the people of the Russian state do not want to stand up against him. Yes, it is better for us to do it of our own free will than to submit to him involuntarily, and we will be honored. And if it’s forced, then we will also be with him, but with dishonor, judging by the events of recent times.” And so they reasoned and agreed among themselves to stick to Rasstriga, and to betray Boris’s son and leave his army, and this agreement was firmly confirmed among themselves. And many Novgorod and Ryazan boyar children joined them.

So it all happened, and one day two armies lined up for battle, taking shields and weapons in their hands. And Prince Vasily and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Golitsyn, and Mikhail Saltykov, and Pyotr Basmanov with all their regiments quickly rode ahead of everyone, and with them the boyar children and the Lyapunov nobles with other boyar children rode as if to battle. And all the others stood and looked at those who boldly crossed to the enemy bank of the Kroma and peacefully united with the enemy troops, and they let them pass through their army. And when the aforementioned Moscow governors passed, and again Ataman Korela with his Cossacks and with the inhabitants of Krom, all with one spirit struck the remaining Moscow army and threw it all into confusion, for his courage left him at the sight of the governors leaving them and the brave army uniting with the enemy . And everyone despaired of their hopes, turned their backs and ran. And the enemy chased them, but did not flog the fleeing ones, knowing that they were involuntarily sent by Tsar Boris to battle, and robbed them, but instead of flogging and killing them, they beat them with whips and drove them further with the words: “And in the future, do not go to battle against us! ”

And they were caught by the governor Ivan Godunov and sent to their chief Grishka in Putivl, and joyful news was sent to him about the transfer to his side of the above-mentioned Moscow governors with many regiments. And the Ryazan boyar children with all their cities and villages along the Oka went over to him. He, having learned about this, rejoiced with great joy. And Ivan Godunov ordered to be put in prison, and the Moscow governor ordered to be brought to the kiss of the cross. Other governors of Tsar Boris - Prince Mikhail Katyrev-Rostovsky and Semyon Chemodanov ran to Moscow with this news.

And Rasstriga is filled with even greater insolence and feels the closeness of the fulfillment of her desire and writes to the reigning city, the mother of all cities, to Moscow, according to the teachings of the devil, the father of all lies and flattery, delighting everyone with sweet words, like honey. Just as in ancient times, at the beginning of the world, the devil deceived the ancestors Adam and Eve to fall away from heavenly life and brought death to the human race, so now he teaches his saint to strip his hair; the glory of this fleeting world deceived him to fall away from the rank of angels and from the kingdom of heaven and choose corruption and death and bring other people with him into destruction. And at first he tried to seduce the people of the Moscow state with such charm:

“From the Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus' to our boyars, Prince Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky and Prince Vasily, and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky, and all the boyars, okolnichy and great nobles, and stewards, and solicitors, and tenants, and clerks, and clerks, and nobles from the cities, boyar children, and guests, and the best and average merchants, and all kinds of black people.

You kissed the cross of blessed memory to our father, the great sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus' and to us, his children, so that outside our family we would not want any other sovereign and would not look for the Moscow state. And how by God’s judgment our father, the great sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus', died, and our brother, the Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus', sat in the Moscow state, and the Empress, my mother the Queen and the Grand Duchess nun Martha Feodorovna of All Rus', and the traitors to the great sovereign sent us to Uglich, and so oppressed our Majesty, which was unsuitable for our subjects to do - they sent many thieves and ordered to damage us and kill us.

And the merciful God, the great sovereign, sheltered us from their evil intentions and from then until our present years, by His will, preserved us. And to you, our boyars and okolnichy, and nobles, and officials, and guests, merchants and all sorts of people, our traitors insisted that we, the great sovereign, were gone, and they buried us, the great sovereign, in Uglich, in the cathedral church at the all-merciful Savior. And how by the will of God our brother, the Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus', passed away, and you, not knowing about us, your born sovereign, kissed the cross of our traitor Boris Godunov, not knowing his malicious character and fearing that Under our brother Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus', of blessed memory, he ruled the entire state of Moscow and favored and executed whomever he wanted. But they didn’t know about us, their born sovereign, but thought that we had been killed by our traitors.

And how about us, the great sovereign, a rumor spread throughout the Russian state that with God's help we, the great sovereign, are going to the Orthodox throne of our ancestors, the great sovereigns of the Russian tsars, and we wanted to receive our state without bloodshed, and you, our boyars and the governors and all sorts of service people stood against us, the great sovereign, out of ignorance and fearing the death penalty from our traitor, but they did not dare to speak about us, the great sovereign. And I, a Christian sovereign, according to my royal merciful custom, do not hold our anger and disgrace against you, because you did it out of ignorance and fear of execution.

And now we, the great sovereign, will soon come, with God’s help, to the throne of our ancestors, the great sovereigns of the Russian Tsars, and with us many Russian, Lithuanian and Tatar armies. But the cities of our state were finished off to our royal majesty and did not stand against us and kissed the cross, remembering their souls and the kiss of the cross to us, the great sovereign, and they bravely and courageously want to stand against our traitors, and you yourself know this for certain. And the Volga region cities were finished off to us, the great sovereign, and the governors were brought to us, and the Astrakhan governors Mikhail Saburov and his comrades are being led to our royal majesty, and now they are on the road to Voronezh. And Prince Ishcherek and Murza from the Kazyev ulus wrote to us from the Great Nogai Horde that they wanted to help our royal majesty. And we, the Christian sovereign, not wanting Christian ruin, did not order the Nogai people to go before our decree, pitying our state, and ordered the Nogai people to wander under the Tsar’s City.

But our traitors Maria Borisova, Godunova’s wife, and her son Fyodor do not regret our land, and they had nothing to regret, because strangers owned our fatherland, the land of Seversk, and many other cities and districts, and they destroyed Orthodox Christians without guilt. But we, the Christian sovereign, did not blame you, our boyars and serving people, because you did it out of ignorance and fearing the death penalty from our traitors. And even then it was useful for you to know what oppression from our traitor Boris Godunov was to you, our boyars and governors, and our relatives, reproach and reproach and dishonor, and inflicted on you, which was impossible to endure from your own family, and you, nobles and children boyars, ruin and exile and unbearable torment were, which is not suitable for prisoners; but you, guests and merchants, were not given any freedom in trade or duties, which was a third of your property, but little and not all was taken away, but even so they could not moderate his malicious disposition.

And you still don’t admit your guilt and you can’t know us, your born sovereign, but you don’t remember God’s righteous judgment and want to shed the blood of innocent Orthodox Christians, which not only is it wrong for us to do, but foreigners mourn your ruin and they get sick and, having recognized us, the Christian meek and merciful sovereign, they serve us and do not spare their blood for us. And we, the Christian sovereign, not wanting to see bloodshed in Christianity, write to you, pitying you and about your souls, so that you, remembering God and the Orthodox faith and your souls, on which of blessed memory our father, the great sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of all Rus', and to us, his children, they kissed the cross, and to the Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus' they finished off the brow and sent metropolitans and archbishops, and boyars, and okolnichy, and great nobles, and duma clerks, and boyar children to ask for mercy to our royal majesty , and guests, and the best people.

And we, the great sovereign, according to our royal merciful custom, will honor you all, and we will honor and promote you, our boyars and governors, and reward you with your former ancestral ancestry, and we will also add to this and hold you in honor. And we want to keep you, nobles and officials, in our royal favor. And we, the guests and merchants of the entire Moscow state, grant you duties and taxes, we order you to be given privileges and relief, and we want to establish all Orthodox Christianity in peace and quiet and in a prosperous life.

But you will not finish off our royal majesty with your brow and you will not send mercy to ask, and you can judge that you will have to answer for this on the day of God’s righteous judgment, and from righteous anger and from our royal high hand you will not be saved anywhere, nor will you be able to hide in your mother’s womb . And with God’s help we, the great sovereign, will achieve our glorious states.”

And the Rasstrigin envoys - Gavrila Pushkin and Naum Pleshcheev - arrived with this letter on the first of June, and the letter was read at Lobnoye Mesto in front of the entire multitude of the Moscow people. And when the Moscow and all Russian people heard this message, they believed that all this was true, that the Lord, through his ineffable destinies, with his generous right hand saved the prince from Boris’s destruction, and they believed that he was a prince born of his Christian faith, and about Boris They truly knew that they had stolen the kingdom by untruth and shed countless amounts of innocent Christian blood, cunningly seeking that great state. And they rejoiced with great joy, giving glory to God, and there was a great noise and cry among them, and it was impossible to make out who was saying what. And calling on each other, they rushed at Tsar Fedor, Boris's son, and at his mother and their entire family, and without mercy began to plunder their yards and catch themselves, and in the blink of an eye they robbed everyone, their property and themselves were seized, like a strong storm they were scattered them like dust.

And the Moscow boyars and governors, and nobles, and other royal associates, seeing the actions of the entire people of the Moscow state, and they shields and spears and, more simply, throw down all their weapons and meet the prince near Tula; and everyone falls to the ground in front of him, calling him the native son of the late king. And in the battle, he, the godless one, did not take a single weight 21 , let alone some insignificant city.

And in those places there was no one who knew him, and an old man named Leonid, who walked with him from Putivl and called him Grishka Otrepyev and showed him to many in Lithuania and in the Seversk land, on the orders of the Pretender, was put in prison in Putivl as if for some kind of guilt. And again from Tula to the surrounding cities that are in the Russian region, he sends messengers with letters, and in the letters he writes like this:

“From the Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus', to which city to the governors and clerks by name.

By the will of God and his strong right hand, who saved us from our traitor Boris Godunov, who wanted to betray us to an evil death, the merciful God did not want to fulfill his malicious thoughts and preserved me, your born sovereign, in his destinies. And I, the Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus', have now matured and, with God’s help, sat on the throne of our ancestors in the Moscow state and in all the states of the Russian kingdom. And in Moscow and in all cities, our boyars and okolnichi, and clerks, and clerks, and nobles, and boyar children, and all sorts of clerks throughout our state and foreigners, kissed the cross to us, their born sovereign, and we granted them guilt. they were forgiven. And how this letter of ours will come to you, and you, the subjects given to us by birth, remembering the true Orthodox Christian faith and the kiss of the cross, on which the cross was kissed to our father, of blessed memory to the Tsar Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus', and to us, children they kissed his cross, his born sovereign.

And you would bring centurions, and archers, and gunners, and collars, and townspeople, and volosts, and black people to the kiss of the cross, and bring all kinds of foreigners according to their faith. Why kiss the cross and bring all kinds of people to the cross, and we sent you a kissing record with this letter of ours together. And when you bring all kinds of people to the cross, we will reward them and you with our great royal salary, which you cannot even imagine. And who exactly will you take the oath, and you would write about it and send lists of names to us in Moscow, and indicate where it was written, in what quarter and to whom it was written.

And with such devilish intent and lies, not with his own mind and reason, but acting with the flattering spirit that had infused him, he deceived not only the boyars and all the people of great Russia, but also the king of the Lithuanian land and all the lords and his courtiers. And so that heretic went to the reigning city with great audacity and without the slightest fear. And he sent his servants ahead of him and ordered the executioners to put Boris’s wife Maria and her son Fyodor to an evil death, tear their souls from their body, and ordered his daughter to be left alive so that he could enjoy her beauty, which is what happened.

See, my beloved, what death awaits those who commit unrighteous iniquities: with the same measure they measure, the same measure will be measured to them, and what cup they fill for others, that cup they themselves drink. O depth of delusion, darkened descendant of the builders of the pillar of Babylon 22 , the whole world was divided from them. Oh, blindness, oh, his furies, oh, many curses, oh, great ignorance, oh, delicacies of the hungry and vain possessions and thirst for high thrones, oh, insolence and unauthorized kissing of the cross and perjury! How did he forget and how was he not afraid of the end of his days in this fast-flowing, uncertain world, how does he want, in the short time allotted to him, what we will quickly learn and have time to enjoy? Where is the glory of arrogance now? Where are his wife and beloved children? Where are the golden-domed palaces? Where are the bright meals and fattened calves? Where are the male and female slaves who serve him? Where are the precious clothes and shoes? Where are the other royal utensils? Who can take his wife and children away from the executioner? They raised their eyes here and there, and did not find a helper anywhere, they found themselves in extreme poverty and were strangled, they met death fiercely and without mercy.

And that heretic Grishka admired the wondrous and glorious, shining in the sky as if it was shining, the great city of Moscow, and entered it in 113, the month of June on the 20th day, on Thursday, and no one stopped him. And then that heretic, not by his own reason and desire, but by God’s will, for it is not proper for murderers and robbers to be with the righteous, ordered that above-mentioned holy murderer Boris from the Archangel Cathedral from the royal ancestors to be thrown out in shame into the square. And everyone saw that here he was - that same Boris, who had previously cut down the great trees that were flourishing, like cypresses, and with his merciless sickle he had squeezed many other trees, like flowers or fig leaves, and where he now lay, like a beggar, thrown to shame. And the heretic Grishka ordered him and his son to be buried in a wretched convent called Varsonofev. And then he entered the Kremlin, where the royal chambers are located.

And many Moscow people who knew him began to recognize him, and God helped the above-mentioned first-sufferer boyar Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky to learn about the lawlessness of Rasstriga and his Godless heresy. And he began to loudly denounce his crime for all people to hear 23 , so saying: “I know you that you are not the son of kings, but a lawbreaker, defrocked, Grishka Bogdanov, son of Otrepiev.” And the people, hearing these words, were surprised and horrified, and did not do him any harm. And that accursed heretic, in order not to be convicted of his shameless crime, planned with his advisers to put him to death. And on Saturday, the third day after his entry into the reigning city of Moscow, on the 23rd day of June, he put that boyar and his siblings as bailiffs, and the next day, on Sunday, on the 24th day of June, he installed Ignatius the Greek as patriarch. And on Monday, June 25, he ordered that great boyar Shuisky to be put to death in the middle of a hailstorm, his head to be cut off with a sword in front of all the people, so that others would be afraid to expose him. And his bailiffs were Mikhailo Saltykov and Pyotr Basmanov. When they brought him to the Fire (Red Square.- Comp.) and they set him up, and next to him they set up a block and laid axes, and Pyotr Basmanov began to ride among the people, read the list compiled by Rasstriga and implant it in everyone’s ears like this:

“This great boyar, Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, betrays me, your born sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus', and speaks unkind things about me to everyone and disgraces me with all of you, with our boyars, princes and nobles, and with the boyars’ children, and with the guests, and with all the people of great Russia, he calls me not Dmitry Tsarevich, but the heretic Grishka Otrepyev, and for this we condemned him: let him die.”

Yet the people standing here were filled with fear and trembling, and tears flowed from their eyes.

And near the boyar Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, many archers with many weapons were stationed, as well as many Lithuanian and Cherkassy gentlemen with spears and sabers, and throughout the city all the archers were armed, as if for battle, and everyone who saw this was filled with fear and horror . But our humane creator and creator did not allow this to happen and took pity on his creation, wishing with that passion-bearer to save his bride - the church - from ruin, and for the suffering he accepted as truth, to glorify him and place him over everyone, as the Lord himself said with his righteous lips: “I will glorify those who glorify me.” And he delivered that great boyar from the unrighteous sword raised against him by a lawbreaker, and saved him from innocent death, restraining the snake, ready to grab him with its open mouth. And he only ordered that above-mentioned boyar Prince Vasily Ivanovich and his brothers Prince Dmitry and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Shuisky to be sent to various distant cities into captivity, and ordered their houses and property to be plundered. And the great boyars spent six months in that captivity, but suffered for their love for Christ, for the true Orthodox Christian faith.

And on the 18th day of July, on Thursday, the queen nun Marfa Fedorovna arrived in Moscow, and the boyars of the Moscow state greeted her with honor, and that Grishka Otrepiev himself was with them. And after, seeing that boyar Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky’s courageous boldness and inflamed with spiritual fire and heartfelt desire and trying not to yield to him in courage, many of the famous monks who wanted to die for the true Christian faith and for piety, saw with the eyes of their hearts by the action of the Holy Spirit, that Grishka Otrepyev was a heretic and a lawbreaker, and they began to shout loudly, like trumpets, at a gathering of people and denounce his damned heresy, saying: “Oh, men, Moscow people and the multitude of all Orthodox Christians! We tell you the real truth that the tsar who now reigns in Moscow is not a tsar, not the son of a tsar, but a lawbreaker and a disgraced, a damned heretic, whom everyone previously cursed in the holy cathedral and apostolic church of the Most Pure Mother of God of her honorable and glorious Dormition as Grishka Otrepiev.” .

And he, hard-hearted, was inflamed with an evil fire of rage at the obsession of Satan and wanted to destroy them, and ordered them to be seized and subjected to many different torments, and he ordered many to be locked up in prisons in the far parts of the Russian region and shackled in iron, and others to be executed without mercy . And he filled the hearts of people with fear and trembling, so that those who had known him for a long time could not raise their eyes to him, much less denounce him.

And soon, in the same year 113, on July 1, Sunday, the one cursed by everyone reigned and began to do a lot of evil to Orthodox Christianity in the reigning city. And so he fell away from the Orthodox faith, the accursed criminal, Satan's saint and forerunner, that he desecrated the very image of God and wanted to destroy the altars of God's churches, and destroy monasteries and monastic dwellings, and equalize the Orthodox Christian faith with the fallen faith, and build churches instead of God's churches. . And he began to live like other heretics of other nations, and wanted to force Orthodox Christians to worship idols, and he desecrated many young nuns, corrupted many youths and maidens, and great weeping and weeping began among the people, for never before had there been such a misfortune.

And in this short life he provided himself with fun, and for his future life - a sign of his eternal home, which no one in the world has ever seen either in the Russian state or in others except underground: a huge hell with three chapters 24 . And on both sides he attached copper bells to his jaws, and when he spreads his jaws, from inside he bursts with flames at everyone standing nearby and loud sounds are heard from his larynx, and has teeth and claws ready to grab, and flames also burst out of his ears . And the damned Rastriga placed him in front of his chambers on the Moscow River for his exposure, so that he could look at him from his highest palace and be ready to move into him for endless centuries together with his like-minded people.

And he took as his wife from the great land of Lithuania a Lutheran of their infidel faith, just like him, taught evil and witchcraft wisdom, the daughter of a certain Sandomierz lord Yuri Mnishek, a girl named Marina. And with her, leaving his estates in the Luthor region, her father, Pan Yuri, and with him many other great gentlemen, came to the Russian state. And that accursed criminal married in the year 114, the month of May, on the 8th day, on Thursday, on the feast of the holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, on the eve of Friday and on the eve of the memory of the wonderworker St. Nicholas. And immediately after the wedding, Rasstriga raised a great storm and began a persecution of Christians, and betrayed the Christian faith, and, according to Roman custom, began to observe the Sabbath fast. 25 , as he promised the Pope, and on Wednesday and Friday he began to eat beef and other unclean foods.

And that accursed persecutor and his evil advisers planned to kill the boyars and guests and all Orthodox Christians on the 18th day of May, Sunday. Oh, it was bad for us in the year 114, the month of May on the 18th day, on Sunday, on the day of the Ascension of Christ! He wanted, a malicious wolf, cruel and unmerciful, like Phocas the Tormentor and Constantine the Apostate and Julian the Apostate, or like Pharaoh on the people of Israel, to sharpen his sword in order to chop us, Orthodox Christians, without a trace, and to shed our blood without any guilt in order to turn that joyful day Christ's Resurrection on the day of sorrow.

And he wanted to desecrate holy places, and turn monasteries into dwellings of the wicked, and according to his evil plan, he wanted to marry young monks and nuns, and give nuns in marriage, and those monks and nuns who do not want to take off their angelic image and not desires the delights of this fast-flowing life, to be executed with a sword. And the accursed one planned to create all this evil on Sunday and flood the Moscow state with filthy infidels - Lithuanians, Jews and Poles and other nasty ones, so that Russian people would be little noticeable among them. And with those evil advisers he was going to do all this evil on Sunday.

But from the beginning he who created us, his slaves, the Lord, our Creator and Maker, did not forget what he promised us, and wiped away our tears, and did not allow the evil beast to eat the sheep of his chosen flock, and did not allow the days of his three-day Resurrection to be turned into an insult to his faithful slaves, but he, the evil serpent, opening his mouth to swallow us, turned his favorite Sabbath day into a day of eternal destruction and into a day of inconsolable crying and sobbing for endless centuries. And the Lord God pointed his sharp sword at his neck and at his advisers, the damned wicked, according to the words of the scripture: “Whoever digs a hole will fall into it himself.” And that accursed criminal, who wanted to live in ancient malice, in the abomination of desolation, in the bosom of the proud Satan, and even more so, following his predecessor Judas, intending to surpass Satan himself in the abysses of hell, called himself not only a king, but also an invincible emperor and soon He deprived himself of all the brief glory of this world, and with all kinds of torment he cast out his stinking soul from his stinking body.

On the tenth day after his wedding, 114, the month of May on the 16th day, in the fourth week after Easter, on Saturday, he was killed with swords and other weapons, dragged along the ground from his highest and brightest palaces by the hands of many people who had previously attacked him It was impossible to even look at him alive, much less touch him. And so he was thrown out of the fortress and thrown into the marketplace, cursed and trampled upon by everyone and desecrated by everyone in every way for his evil and cruel disposition. And with his invisible power, our Creator-Deliverer instantly defeated his advisers, the great multitude of the above-mentioned evil wicked people. And the Russian people, desperate and unarmed, with God’s help, their deadly weapons were taken away from them and they, armed, were defeated. And so many of them, the wicked, died on that Sabbath day that it was impossible to walk along all the streets of the great city of Moscow because of their corpses. And he delivered us, his sinful servants, from that great soul-killing deadly plague.

And for three days the corpse of the accursed god-fighter lay in the market place, and everyone looked at his unclean corpse, not covered by anyone, naked, as he came from his mother’s womb. And the idols that he worshiped, but did not help him in any way, were placed on his chest. And after three days, the accursed man was thrown out of the city into the field. And his corpse, thrown out in shame, was not only disgusting for people to look at, but the very land from which it was taken abhorred it. And we saw all this, and everyone said to himself: “Oh, an evil deed: he was born, enlightened by holy baptism and called himself the son of light, and now he himself wanted to become the son of destruction!”

And when he lay in the field, many people heard loud cries and tambourines and pipes and other demonic games over his body at midnight and until the roosters crowed: so Satan rejoiced at the arrival of his servant. Oh, the curse is so heavy on you, the accursed one, that the earth also disdains to accept your accursed heretical body, and the air began to breathe a stench, and the clouds did not give rain, not wanting to wash his accursed body, and the sun did not warm the earth, frosts struck and deprived us of ears of wheat while his stinking body lay on the ground.

By the will of God and the prayers of the Most Pure Mother of God to her birth and with the help of the great miracle workers Peter, Alexei and Jonah and all the saints, we, Orthodox Christians, throughout the Russian land, elected for our kingdom from the royal chamber of advisers a righteous and pious husband, a relative of the former pious kings, the Grand Duke Vladimir 26 , named Vasily in holy baptism, the blessed Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky, the boyar Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, who suffered first of all for the Orthodox Christian faith. And he was named king in the same year 114, on the 19th day of May, on Monday. Our creator, the lover of mankind, God, who does not allow his creatures to deviate from their customs and doom all the people living on earth to die of starvation, his slaves, indicated to his faithful servant, who wears a cross and was named Tsar and Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich, the autocrat of all great Russia and the owner of many states given to him by God for his faith, in order to throw that evil heretic-defrocked into his house named above, into the hell he built, and burn the nasty damned body of the criminal, which was done: he was burned in a place called the Cauldron, seven miles from the city.

And by God’s will, our sovereign king wanted to see the most honorable relics of the blessed Tsarevich Dmitry Uglitsky in the God-saved city of Moscow. And the sovereign sent his pilgrims to Uglich for his honorable relics: His Eminence Philaret, Metropolitan of Rostov and Yaroslavl, Theodosius, Bishop of Astrakhan and Terek, archimandrites and his boyars - Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Vorotynsky and Peter Fedorovich Sheremetev 27 with comrades. And when his honorable relics were brought to the most honorable Lavra of the holy and life-giving Trinity and the wonderworker Sergius, the archimandrite and the priests and deacons of that honorable monastery, dressed in sacred robes, with censers and other brethren with candles, met his honorable and multi-healing relics behind the fence with joyful tears and sang worthy funeral psalms before them. And for some time the relics remained in the monastery, in the cathedral church of the Most Holy and Life-Giving Trinity, and were again carried to the reigning city of Moscow. When the procession reached the God-saved city of Moscow, the Moscow people, men, wives and children, also greeted the relics with joyful tears and everyone, falling to his shrine, asked for mercy. And they brought the relics into the inner city and placed them on a high place called the Execution, and here many miracles were performed for those who asked with faith: the blind received their sight, the lame began to walk freely, the hunchbacks straightened up and the deaf began to hear. And everyone, no matter what ailments he had, falls to his shrine with his relics and receives healing. And then his honest and multi-healing relics were transferred to the Church of God's Archangel Michael, where to this day we see them, and give healing to everyone who comes to them with faith.

And two weeks after his naming of the kingdom 28 Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich of All Rus', the autocrat was crowned with the royal crown and diadem of the month of June on the 1st day, Sunday, and sat down on his royal throne, and from the hands of Almighty God into his right hand received the scepter of the Russian land. And the Lord God created threefold joy for Orthodox Christians throughout the Russian land: the first, by crushing his godless apostate, and our persecutor, the heretic Grishka Otrepiev, the second, by bestowing rain and sunny warmth for fertility, the third, more than all joys, the transfer of the honorable relics of the new martyr of the blessed Tsarevich Dmitry from the city of Uglich to the glorious great reigning city of Moscow, that criminal Grishka Otrepiev was named after him, and the Lord gave that martyr grace and the ability to give healing to those who come with faith to his cancer, a cure for all ailments, and endless health. And from these days, the collection of Russian Orthodox people, we have fun and rejoice in God’s visit and deliverance, which God has granted to all his people.

Oh, God's great love for mankind! Oh, his indescribable and unknown fates! Who knows the mind of the Lord and who is his counselor? Truly no one, neither angels, nor archangels, nor rulers, nor rulers, nor thrones, nor dominions, nor heavenly powers, nor cherubim, nor formidable seraphim, but only the one glorified God in the Trinity, he himself monitors human destinies and everything creates as he wants. We, the servants of Christ, from time immemorial worship the beginningless Christ our God, glorified in the Trinity, for all this we glorify and praise the Lord Christ who created us, saying: “Glory to the only wise life-giver God, who punished us little, but had much mercy, delivered us from death and gave life. That cursed heretic and lawbreaker named above was pointing his sword to destroy all Orthodox Christianity to the end, and we could do nothing to stop him, but he himself died and became the son of destruction; Those who were with him also perished, those who loved his evil custom more than the ever-settling light of eternal life, who were not forced by torment or orders, but obeyed him of their own free will. And we all know that the monks and laymen, whom the accursed heretic tortured and put to death, died in the Orthodox Christian faith. But some of our monastic brothers still remain alive, and they now work spiritually with us in the monastery of the most holy and life-giving Trinity, and others in the monastery of the Archangel Michael of God, with the wonderworker Alexei on Chudov. And they endured such troubles and oppression and adversity, but they did not reject God’s mercy, and everyone rejoices over their suffering, glorifying and thanking God and the Most Pure Mother of God and the new passion-bearer who has shone in the Russian region, the blessed Tsarevich Dmitry.

Now, all Orthodox people, we rejoice and have fun, always praising and glorifying our beginningless, eternal God, who, by his all-generous will, gave us such a pious sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich, the autocrat of all Rus', the true intercessor and shepherd of his verbal sheep, and not mercenary: and so he lays down his soul for the sheep during our sorrow and destruction, and not only did not spare his wealth, but also himself, and now preserves the true Orthodox Christian faith like the apple of his eye, and guides everyone and instructs him on the path of salvation, so that even after death everyone inherits eternal life, and does not lead us to destruction, but I will say more - it leads us away from the destructive path. And for this we praise God, who created us. Amen.

And I, many sinners and disobedient to God and weak in mind, decided to write down this story, not from rumors, except about the stay of that heretic and lawbreaker Grishka in the Lithuanian land, but I saw everything that happened in the Russian state with my own eyes. And he could not remain silent about such evil, he wrote for the benefit of those reading this today and for the memory of future people in future times. And for others who are plotting evil and indulging in their evil crime, so that they humble their disposition and abandon such evil plans. The damned Grishka reigned and seized many estates in the Russian kingdom and soon became very rich, and soon died, and not even a small shirt remained of his wealth to bury his shameless body.

And other ignoramuses secretly destroy their souls by following books prohibited by the holy fathers of the seven ecumenical councils; they commanded us not to read these books, for those who read them do not gain any benefit, they only plunge the ship of their soul into the abyss of sins, as the scripture says: “He who throws a stone upward will break his own head; He who kindles a fire will himself burn in it.” Marvel, O man, how the teaching about which it is said in the Divine Scripture came true: “If a man takes possession of the whole world, but loses his soul, what will he receive in return for his soul?” Do you see how this evil and cunning sorcerer gained the whole world, but lost his soul - and what kind of praise and glory he received? For endless centuries, he, with all his cunning sorceries, perished in soul and body and in shame deprived himself of this short, fleeting life.

And you, shameless one, why are you doing all this, abandoning hope for the mercy of God and calling on Satan for help, not finding any help for yourself in this illness? First, understand what man is and what the end of your days is, and think about how you will appear before the righteous judge who judges regardless of persons - Christ our God? And as you prepare your way to where there is pitch darkness and an insatiable worm, try to see if in this life you can endure the heat of earthly fire? And even if you can, then you cannot endure the future unquenchable fire, this flame is such that it rises from the earth to the very heavens. The worm awaits the sinning man and the son of man, his home is hell, and his bed is darkness, and his father is death, and his mother and sister are corruption. How can you even imagine this in your mind, let alone in life retreat from the mercies of God to evil and stick to Satan and the devil, and sadden your mentor and guardian - the angel of God? And if, disobedient to God, you do not give up your evil life, indeed, I tell you, you will suffer in this and in the next century, like the damned heretic Grishka Otrepiev.

And may grace and peace be with your spirit, brethren, now and ever and unto ages of ages. Amen.

The traditions of historical narrative literature of the 16th century continue to develop in works from the period of the struggle of the Russian people against the Polish-Swedish intervention and the peasant war under the leadership of Bolotnikov. In addition, the literature of this period reflected the growth of national consciousness. This was manifested in a change in the view of the historical process: the course of history is determined not by God's will, but by the activities of people. The stories of the early 17th century already speak about the people, about their participation in the struggle for the national independence of their homeland, about the responsibility of “the whole earth” for what has happened. An increased interest in the human personality is determined, a desire appears to depict the internal contradictions of character and reveal the reasons by which these contradictions are generated. Characters of historical figures in the works of the early 17th century. shown against the backdrop of popular rumors about them. Human activity is given in a historical perspective, and for the first time begins to be assessed in its “social function” (D.S. Likhachev). Events of 1604 - 1613 a crushing blow was dealt to religious ideology, to the undivided dominance of the church in all spheres of life: it is not God, but man who creates his own destiny; it is not God’s will, but the activity of people that determines the historical destinies of the country. The role of the trade and craft townspeople is strengthening, and this entails the further democratization of literature. All this leads to the “secularization” of culture and literature in the 17th century, i.e. to its gradual liberation from the tutelage of the church, the gradual displacement of church genres and the emergence of new, purely secular genres of literature.

A direct response to the events of the beginning of the century was "The Tale of the Death of Prince Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shuisky." With his victories over False Dmitry II, Skopin-Shuisky gained fame as a talented commander. His sudden death (April 1610) gave rise to various rumors that he was allegedly poisoned by the boyars out of envy. The story begins with a rhetorical book introduction, in which genealogical calculations are made, tracing the Skopin-Shuisky family back to Alexander Nevsky and Augustus Caesar. The central episode is a description of the christening feast at Prince Vorotynsky. Including a number of everyday details, the author talks in detail about how the hero was poisoned by the wife of his uncle Dmitry Shuisky, the daughter of Malyuta Skuratov. There are characteristic elements of epic folk poetics here. The second part, dedicated to the description of the death of the hero and the national grief over his death, is made in the traditional book manner. The story has a pronounced anti-boyar orientation, glorifying Skopin-Shuisky as a national hero, defender of his homeland from adversary enemies.

An outstanding historical work that vividly reflected the events of the era is "Legend" cellarer of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery Abraham Palitsyn, written in 1609-1620. The “Tale” tells about the events of the “time of troubles” from 1584 to 1618. “The Legend” consists of a number of independent works:

1. A short historical essay reviewing the events from the death of Ivan the Terrible to the accession of Shuisky, where Palitsyn sees the causes of the “turmoil” in the illegal theft of the royal throne by Godunov and in his policies.
2. Detailed description of the 16-month siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery by the troops of Sapieha and Lisovsky. This central part was created by Abraham by processing notes from participants in the defense of the monastery fortress.
3. The story of the destruction of Moscow by the Poles, its liberation, the election of Mikhail Romanov to the throne and the conclusion of peace with Poland.

Abraham tries to emphasize the merits in the fight against the enemies of the monastery; he introduces religious and fantastic pictures into the narrative: miracles, visions, the purpose of which is to prove that the monastery is under the protection of heavenly powers. The author of the “Tale” recognizes the decisive role of the people in the fight against enemies. He depicts the exploits of monastery servants, monastery peasants and emphasizes that the monastery was saved by the people. Much attention is paid to depicting a person’s actions and thoughts. The author has made a significant step in recognizing the people as active participants in historical events.

The genre of the historical story underwent significant changes in the 17th century, as evidenced by "The Tale of the Azov Siege of the Danish Cossacks." A.I. Robinson believes that the author of the story was the Cossack esaul Fedor Poroshin, who arrived with the Cossack embassy in Moscow in 1641 in order to convince the tsar and the government to accept the fortress of Azov from the Cossacks “under their own hands,” which the Cossacks captured in 1637 from Turks and defended in 1641. Fyodor Poroshin, himself a participant in the events, truthfully and in detail describes the feat of the Don Cossacks. The story is written in the form of business writing, but he gave the genre of business writing an unusually bright poetic sound due to the wide and creative use of Cossack folklore, as well as a truthful and accurate description of the events themselves. The hero of the story is not an outstanding historical figure, but a small team, a handful of brave and courageous Cossack daredevils who accomplished a heroic feat. A high sense of national self-awareness and a sense of patriotism inspired them to heroism. Cossacks love their homeland and cannot betray it. Therefore, with poisonous irony they respond to the Turkish ambassadors’ proposal to surrender the fortress to them without a fight and go over to the Sultan. Their response to the Turks to a certain extent anticipates the famous letter of the Cossacks to the Turkish Sultan. The author hyperbolically describes the arrival of enemy forces near Azov. The farewell of the Cossacks is poetically described. Glorifying the Cossacks, the author cannot help but pay tribute to tradition: the victory achieved by the Cossacks is explained by the result of the miraculous intercession of heavenly forces led by John the Baptist. But religious fiction serves only as a means of exalting the patriotic feat of the defenders of Azov.

In the language of the story there is no bookish rhetoric and elements of living spoken language are widely represented. One can feel the desire to create an image of the masses, to convey the feelings, thoughts and moods of this masses, as well as to establish the forces of the people, triumphing over the forces of the “King of Tours”.

In the second half of the 17th century, the historical story begins to lose its historicism, acquiring the character of a love adventure story, which in turn serves as the basis for the further development of an adventure love story. The attention of the authors is transferred to the personality of a person, to his life, character. The writer and reader are increasingly interested in moral, ethical and everyday issues. For example, “The Tale of the Beginning of Moscow.”

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The turbulent events of the early 17th century, which contemporaries called “turmoil” (this definition was held for a long time in historical science, consolidated by noble and bourgeois historiography), were widely reflected in literature. Literature acquires an exclusively topical journalistic character, promptly responding to the demands of the time, reflecting the interests of various social groups participating in the struggle.

Society, having inherited from the previous century an ardent belief in the power of words, in the power of conviction, strives to promote certain ideas in literary works, achieving specific effective goals.

Among the stories that reflected the events of 1604-1613, one can highlight works that express the interests of the ruling boyar elite. This is the “Tale of 1606” - a journalistic work created by a monk of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. The story actively supports the policies of the boyar tsar Vasily Shuisky, tries to present him as the people's chosen one, emphasizing Shuisky's unity with the people. The people turn out to be a force that the ruling circles cannot ignore. The story glorifies the “courageous daring” of Shuisky in his struggle with the “evil heretic”, the “defrocked” Grishka Otrepyev. To prove the legality of Shuisky's rights to the royal throne, his family is traced back to Vladimir Svyatoslavich of Kyiv.

The author of the story sees the reasons for the “turmoil” and “disorder” in the Moscow state in the disastrous reign of Boris Godunov, who by the villainous murder of Tsarevich Dmitry ceased the existence of the line of legitimate kings of Moscow and “seized the royal throne in Moscow by untruth.”

Subsequently, "The Tale of 1606" was reworked into "Another Legend". Defending the position of the boyars, the author portrays him as the savior of the Russian state from adversaries.

"The Tale of 1606" and "Another Legend" are written in a traditional book style. They are built on the contrast of the pious champion of the Orthodox faith Vasily Shuisky and the “evil, sneaky” Godunov, the “evil heretic” Grigory Otrepiev. Their actions are explained from traditional providentialist positions.

This group of works is opposed by stories that reflect the interests of the nobility and the townspeople's trade and craft layers of the population. Here we should mention, first of all, those journalistic messages that were exchanged between Russian cities, rallying forces to fight the enemy.

“A NEW Tale ABOUT THE GLORIOUS KINGDOM OF RUSSIAN...” Noteworthy is the journalistic propaganda appeal - “A new story about the glorious Russian Tsardom and the great State of Moscow.” Written at the end of 1610 - beginning of 1611, at the most intense moment of the struggle, when Moscow was occupied by Polish troops and Novgorod was captured by Swedish feudal lords, the "New Tale", addressing "people of all ranks", called them to take active action against the invaders. She sharply denounced the treacherous policy of the boyar authorities, which, instead of being the “land holder” of their native land, turned into a domestic enemy, and the boyars themselves into “land eaters”, “creepers”.

A characteristic feature of the story is its democracy, a new interpretation of the image of the people - this “great... waterless sea.” The appeals and messages of Hermogenes are addressed to the people, enemies and traitors fear the people, the author of the story appeals to the people. However, the people in the story do not yet act as an effective force.

WE HAVE AN AUTHENTIC HISTORICAL DOCUMENT DESCRIBING THE TIME OF TROUBLES

ANOTHER TALE

I GIVE - AS I FOUND

WITHOUT CREDITS AND ADDENDUMS

READ AND JUDGE FOR YOURSELF

By God's will, and more by his love for mankind, in the summer of 7092, the blessed and Christ-loving sovereign, shining in piety, the Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich, the autocrat of all Rus', reposed in the month of March on the 18th day. And after him there remained two bright branches of his royal root, his sons - Tsarevich Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus' and his younger brother Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus', children from different mothers. The pious and Christ-loving Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich, a sufferer named after the great martyr Dmitry of Thessalonica, was born from the mother of Tsarina Maria Feodorovna Naked. And his elder brother, Tsarevich Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus', was born from the mother of the blessed and God-wise Tsarina Anastasia Romanovna Yuryeva. In the summer of 7091, after the birth of the blessed Tsarevich Dmitry, the pious and Christ-loving Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus', the father of noble princes, fell ill with a physical illness. And when the tsar was already completely exhausted, he ordered his noble children, the faithful princes Fyodor and Dmitry, his faithful friend, ruler and well-wisher, well-behaved boyar Prince Ivan Petrovich Shuisky, and Prince Ivan Fedorovich Mstislavsky, and Nikita Romanovich Yuryev, so that they, our sovereigns , raised them and guarded their royal health with all care. And soon the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Ivan Vasilyevich gave his soul into the hands of God and, leaving the earthly kingdom, departed for the eternal bliss of the heavenly kingdom. And by the grace of God, in the trinity of the glorified God, after his father, the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Ivan Vasilyevich of blessed memory, by his blessing and command, Tsarevich Fedor reigned and sat on the highest throne of the God-protected Russian Kingdom in the Moscow State in the same 92 - m year, the month of May on the 1st day, in memory of the holy prophet Jeremiah, and became king of the entire Russian state. And his younger brother, the pious Tsarevich Dmitry, after the death of his father, remained in infancy, two years or less. He did not stay long in the state of his fatherland in the reigning city, and then with his mother he was sent to the region of the Russian state in the city of Uglich, where he suffered many sorrows and persecution from a certain person named Boris Godunov. After a short time, the malicious devil penetrated the heart of one of the nobles, the above-mentioned Boris Godunov. This Boris was the brother-in-law of the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Fyodor Ivanovich. And Boris became like the Old Testament serpent, who once deceived Eve and our great-grandfather Adam in paradise and deprived them of the enjoyment of heavenly food. Likewise, this Boris began to seduce many boyars and nobles from the royal chamber, subjugated many high-ranking and rich merchants, attracted some with gifts, and others with threats, like a snake with hissing. And he saw himself among the royal ranks, revered above all, and began to hatch a devilish plan, and rose up against his master, Prince Ivan Petrovich Shuisky and his only brothers. At all times, the deceitful hate the righteous, and the devil’s custom is this: as soon as passion overtakes him, he becomes fiercer than a fierce beast. Even if such a person does good, he is still called evil, because a bitter fruit, even anointed with honey, does not become sweet. But, with God's help, he was unable to cause them any harm, and brought shame and curses upon himself. And it became known to the national assembly of Moscow people that Boris was plotting evil against them, and they and all their relatives wanted to stone him without mercy. And Boris, seeing himself cursed and persecuted by all people, resorted to cunning and again began to seduce the great boyar Prince Ivan Petrovich and his relatives, Prince Vasily Ivanovich with his half-brothers, urging them to live with him in harmony and promised that he would not be angry with anyone else do not advise or plot advice, and together protect the life and health of the Tsar’s Majesty. And the God-loving Prince Ivan Petrovich and his relatives, Prince Vasily Ivanovich and his brothers, like their ancestors, fearing God and maintaining in their hearts great faith in God and unfeigned truth to people, believed that the nosy Boris was telling the truth. After all, every kindly person believes every word, but an insidious person, on the contrary, begins to reflect. These same ones were kind and believed him and swore an oath among themselves to have love and kindness, as before. But Boris, even after this oath, did not extinguish his evil fire and wanted to acquire glory beyond his measure, again began to plot in his evil plans what dirty tricks he could do for them, but even with that wickedness he was unable to cause any harm to the noble boyar Prince Ivan Petrovich and his relatives: they were preserved by the wing of the Lord. And again Boris began to open his wicked lips and, like a snake, exuding his deadly poison, he said that this noble boyar, Prince Ivan Petrovich, should preach to the people that he and his relatives had no anger and no suspicions against Boris, then, so that Boris would not be put to death by the Moscow people. And they thought that Boris was telling them the absolute truth without guile, and announced their decision to everyone. And having heard this, the Moscow people stopped being angry with Boris. After some time, Prince Ivan Petrovich wished to inspect the royal grants and estates of his ancestors, and went to his estate 2, which is in the vicinity of the city of Suzdal. And that crafty Boris, having forgotten his promise and retreated from the faith, seeing that the convenient time had come for the destruction of the prince, sent his accomplices after Prince Ivan Petrovich and ordered him to be seized, as if by sovereign command, from the chamber of his royal majesty, sent him into captivity to Beloozero and killed him there by violent death. And then he sent his relatives, Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky and his half-brothers, into captivity in different cities, and sent their brother Prince Andrei Ivanovich to Bui-gorod and there ordered him to be put to death by violent death. He also ordered many rich merchants to be executed in the middle of the city, and gave their houses to be plundered, and sent others into captivity in different cities, and orphaned many wives and killed many children. He did not fill his insatiable womb with a note of blood and tears and again fell upon his masters, on princes and boyars, and betrayed many of the nobles to various deaths, their number only God knows, and he could not quench his womb, thirsting for glory, with any blood. Oh, cruel hour! How can you not shed tears about this? And how can my hand write about this? A traitor will rise up, like Judas Iscariot against his teacher Jesus Christ, the son of God, so that Boris is going to kill his sovereign, Tsarevich Prince Dmitry, which is what the accursed holy killer did. And that evil servant began to think about how he could tear out the divinely chosen royal root, seeking in every possible way the death of this namesake pious prince, not wanting to leave an heir to their fatherly throne, wanting to receive the kingdom himself. Forgetting God, who saves his chosen ones, he insulted and oppressed this pious prince, more than once sending him deadly poison, hoping to kill him. The prince accepted all this with joy, knowing that the enemy’s power is powerless against the power of God, and in everything he followed the humility of his master Christ, as he had to suffer from everyone, without any doubt, without forgetting what was said: “Trust in the Lord, for he is refuge from sorrow,” and endured all persecution with joy. And that crafty slave, seeing all this, could not do anything, could not cause any harm to the pious prince, and sent his advisers and servants to the city of Uglich - clerk Mikhail Bityagovsky and his nephew Nikita Kachalov. And he commanded them to cut off that royal young and beautifully blossoming branch, the noble Tsarevich Dmitry, to harvest him like an unripe ear, to put to death the gentle baby, to slaughter him like a lamb. .. And they, sent by the envious Boris Godunov, came to Uglich, harboring evil intentions and plotting another crime against the saint, daring to put their pious master to innocent death, and he was eight years old at that time. But they did not abandon their malice, secretly acting and achieving what they were commanded until they reached the goal, as the ancient Jews were going to kill the Lord Christ our God. And the envious slave named above, who raised his hand against his master, wanted to secretly kill this pious prince, but did not know what the scripture says: “Woe to the wicked, for evil will be rewarded to them for the works of their hands.” And the unmerciful young men, who were named above, began to wait for a convenient hour to put to death the holy and pious prince. And one day, as children usually do, the holy youth went out to play, and those evil youths, like merciless wolves, attacked the saint 3, and one of them pulled out a knife, mercilessly hit the saint on the neck and cut his larynx. The lawless put him to death like a gentle lamb, and then the wicked murderers took revenge for the blood of the righteous: they were beaten by the people of that city. The holy soul of the pious and victorious martyr Tsarevich Dmitry, flying to the heavenly villages and to the throne of the trisolar deity, saw and enjoyed the unspeakable, the divine and the unthinkable (...). And his honest and suffering body remained on the ground, stained with blood, shining like the sun. And it was laid in the same city of Uglich in the church of the magnificent Transfiguration of the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ (...). And again that Boris began to desire in his heart with an incessant desire and, as if with an unquenchable fire, to burn, vigilantly all day and night thinking about the power of the Moscow state and all of great Russia, how and in what way to seize the royal throne and fulfill his desire without shame. And first he began to inquire from the magi and star-speakers, collecting them from many countries and peoples and bringing them to the Moscow state in the royal name and asking whether he could achieve the royal throne and be king. And they, seeing his great desire and leading him into greater anticipation and joy, telling him that he was born under the royal star and will be the king of great Russia. And, saying this, they accepted honor and a great salary from him for a short time, then he insidiously and secretly put them to death (...). And the year came of the departure from this world to the heavenly dwellings of the holy and righteous sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich, autocrat of all Rus', the seventh thousand 106 of the 4th month of January on the 6th day, and his death was due to an unjust murder committed by the same Boris. Oh, how can I remain silent about this? If we remain silent, the stones will cry out. And this tree, bearing noble fruit and planted by the hand of the all-generous eternal god, was cut down and uprooted by the same Boris, even until his death. And as before, having a crafty and sneaky disposition, he deceived the boyars and royal advisers and nobles, and rulers, and merchants, and all sorts of people, some with gifts, others with love, and others with an evil prohibition, and none of the boyars or ordinary people dared to contradict him . And so that Boris, after the departure to God of the Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus', began to send his evil advisers and servants to the reigning city of Moscow and throughout all the hundreds and throughout the settlements and throughout all the cities of the Russian region to all people, so that the whole world would ask for Boris's state. The boyars, and rulers and nobles, and the entire royal ranks, and merchants, and the entire people of the Moscow state, were afraid of Borisov’s evil persecution and execution and internecine warfare, and his supporters and advisers tried and, according to God’s instructions, no one dared to oppose Boris and say the words. And the people, taught by the evil advisers and servants of Boris, although they did not want him to become king, were afraid of his evil persecution and begged him before the boyars and rulers and nobles and before the royal council to accept the scepter of great Russia. And therefore, those who were worthy of this honor did not dare to achieve it, thinking that the people were turning to Boris out of true heartfelt love, and not through captivity. He, a malicious, crafty swindler, had been wanting and striving for this for many years, but here, reluctantly and slowly, giving in to persuasion and refusing more than once, he offered to elect more worthy ones. And he himself went to the great Lavra of the Mother of God, built in memory of the miracle of the Smolensk icon of the Maiden Monastery, and there he served his sister Queen Irina, already the nun Alexandra, and many people every day asked him to accept the kingdom. He was ashamed and afraid of his sister, nun Alexandra, because she did not allow him to do this, because she knew how long he had wanted this and how much innocent blood had been shed for this by the great boyars who ruled the Russian state and served their sovereign truly and rightly, He also destroyed merchants and people of all kinds. His advisers and supporters forced people to pray and beat the nun to the great empress Alexandra and ask her brother Boris for the kingdom, and so they begged Alexandra in large numbers every day with great crying and crying. And the great boyars, descended from the scepter-power root, relatives of the great sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fedor Ivanovich of All Rus' and themselves worthy of accepting the scepter, did not want to elect a king among themselves, but gave the decision to the will of the people, for they were already great under the kings, and honest and glorious, not only in Great Rus', but also in other countries. And even those who did not want Boris did not dare to speak against him because of his evil and crafty disposition. Just as in Constantinople, by God’s will, Phokas the Tormentor 5 killed the meek king of Mauritius and seized the Greek kingdom, so now Boris in Moscow is seizing the kingdom by guile and untruth. Many people gathered to the honorable monastery by Boris's supporters were forced to beg the great empress nun Alexandra to brow and ask for the state of her brother Boris, and they even more strongly begged with a great cry the nun Alexandra to bless her brother Boris for the Moscow state. And so the people bothered her for many days. The boyars and nobles stood in front of her in the cell, and others stood on the porch outside the cell by the window, and many people stood in the square. Many were brought in unwillingly, and the order was established - if anyone does not come to ask Boris for the state, they demand two rubles a day. Many bailiffs were also assigned to them, forcing them to scream and shed tears with great cries. But where can there be tears if there is no tenderness and zeal and love for him in the heart? And instead of tears, they wet their eyes with saliva... And with such cunning they turned her to mercy that, seeing the zeal of the whole people for him and not being able to hear and see many cries and complaints among the people, he gives them free rein to install Boris in the Moscow state. And people again began to beat their foreheads and beg Boris Fedorovich Godunov to take the scepter of great Russia into his hand (...). And the patriarch, seeing the people’s zeal and care for Boris, wanted Boris more than anyone else for the state, and Boris’s supporters and well-wishers forced Patriarch Job to do this. And the patriarch with the entire consecrated cathedral takes the icon of the Most Pure Mother of God, written by the Evangelist Luke 6, and other holy icons and relics and carries them on foot to where the people prayed to Boris. He seemed ashamed of the coming of the image of the Mother of God, and accepted the scepter of the Russian state, and was crowned with the royal crown in 107, September 3, and reigned for seven years. And during his reign of great Russia, he began to strengthen himself and assert himself, so that he could remain for many days and years, holding the scepter of great Russia, and after him his family would hold the scepter, and then sending many boyars and nobles to distant and different cities and various evil deaths killing them and uprooting the royal family. Oh, beloved brothers! Don't be surprised at the beginning, but see what the end will be like. Seeing this all-seeing, ever-watchful eye, Christ unjustly seized the scepter of the Russian region, and wanted to take revenge on him for the shedding of the innocent blood of his new passion-bearers, Tsarevich Dmitry, who shone in miracles, and the Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus' and others, innocently killed by him, and his fury and expose the unjust murders and set an example for his other supporters so that they do not follow his crafty cruelty. And he let the enemy attack him, the remaining brand from the burning of Sodom and Gomorrah 7 or an unburied dead man, a monk (according to the words of John Climacus: “Every monk will die before he dies, his cell will be his coffin”) - the criminal I will cut off Grishka Otrepiev, also from the Russian region, from the city of Galich, from the unborn people of Yushka Yakovlev's son Otrepiev, like that holy murderer Boris Godunov himself. And that Yushka remained after his father very little with his mother and was taught by her the divine scripture. Having learned one Book of Hours and Psalms of David 8, he left his mother and began to soar in the reigning city of Moscow. And after some time he happened to talk with the abbot of the Assumption Monastery Trifon, Vyatka region, city of Khlynov, and that abbot Tryfon persuaded him to become a monk. And on the advice of that abbot, he took monastic vows, and he was given the name Gregory, and he was then 14 years old. And he went to the city of Suzdal and began to live in the monastery of the all-merciful Savior in the Evfimyev Monastery, and from that monastery he moved in the same district to the monastery of the Savior, called on Kuksa. And I don't want to talk much about it. He lived while traveling in many monasteries, and again returned to the reigning city of Moscow and began to live in the Chudov Monastery. And by the will of the rector of that honorable Lavra, Archimandrite Paphnutius, he was ordained deacon by His Holiness Job, Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus'. And wanting to seek and comprehend with zeal the wisdom of godless books, he fell into a fierce heresy. And when he lived in the reigning city of Moscow, he was known to many worldly people, also to rulers and many monks. And from Chudov he moved to the monastery of Nikola on Ugresh and began to ascend in his madness and fell into fierce heresy, like the insane Arius, who fell from the heights and with his wisdom descended to the bottom of hell. And a little later he left the St. Nicholas Monastery on Ugresh and settled in Kostroma in the cenobitic monastery of 9 John the Baptist on Zhelezny Bork. And from there they again came to Moscow and then, leaving the Orthodox Christian faith, they fled to Lithuania, and he seduced two monks to go with him - the monk Misail Povadin and the monk Varlaam. And the flight of him and the elders was as follows: The message from Elder Varlaam, given after the murder of the Striped Tsar to Tsar Vasily Ivanovich of All Russia, hits the Tsar Sovereign and Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich of All Rus' with his forehead and informs your Sovereign, the beggar pilgrim Varlaam. In the past, sir, in the year 110 during Great Lent, in the second week on Monday, I was walking, sir, with the Barbarian Sacrum 10, and a young monk approached me from behind, and he, having made a prayer and bowed to me, began to ask me: “Elder, from which honorable monastery are you? “And I told him that I took tonsure in old age, and the tonsure of the Nativity of the Most Pure One of the Pafnotiev Monastery. “And what rank do you have, are you a Kryloshan, and what is your name?” And I told him my name - Varlaam. And I began to ask him: “Which honorable monastery are you from and what rank do you have and what is your name?” And he told me: “I lived in the Chudov Monastery, and I have the rank of deacon, and my name is Gregory, and my nickname is Otrepiev.” And I said to him: “What do you want from Zamyatnya and Smirnaya Otrepieva?” And he told me that Zamyatnya is his grandfather, and Smirnoy is his uncle.” And I told him: “What do you care about me?” And he said: “I lived in the Miracle Monastery with Archimandrite Paphnotius in his cell and praised the Moscow miracle workers Peter, Alexei and Jonah 11. Yes, I lived with Patriarch Job, and the patriarch, seeing my abilities, began to take me with him to the royal Duma, and I entered into great glory, but I don’t want to not only see, but also hear, the glory and wealth of this earth, and I want to leave Moscow for a distant monastery. And there is a monastery in Chernigov, and we will go to that monastery.” And I told him: “You lived in Chudov with the patriarch, but you won’t get used to Chernigov, because, I heard, the Chernigov Monastery is not a great place.” And he told me: “I want to go to Kyiv to the Pechersky Monastery, and in the Pechersky Monastery many elders saved their souls.” And I told him that I read the Patericon of Pechersk 12. Yes, he told me: “Let’s live in the Pechersk monastery, and let’s go to the holy city of Jerusalem, to the Church of the Resurrection of the Lord and to the Holy Sepulcher.” And I told him that the Pechersk Monastery is abroad in Lithuania, and you can’t go abroad. And he told me: “The sovereign of Moscow and the king made peace for twenty-two years, and now it has become simple, and there are no outposts.” And I told him: “To save the soul and to see the Pechersk Monastery and the holy city of Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulcher, let’s go.” And, sir, we swore by the Christian faith that we should go, we postponed it until another day and set a date to meet in the Icon Row. And the next day they met in the Icon Row, and he also had the monk Mikhailo agree to go, and in the world his name was Mikhail Povadin, I knew him from Prince Ivan Ivanovich Shuisky. And we went across the Moscow River and hired carts to Volkhov, and from Volkhov to Karachev, and from Karachev to Novgorod Seversky. And in Novgorod he made an agreement, and we were accepted into the Transfiguration Monastery, and the builder 13 Zakhary Likharev put us on the choir 14, and that deacon Grishka served mass with the priests at the Annunciation and went after the icon of the Most Pure One. And in the third week after Easter, on Monday, we got ourselves a guide Ivashka Semenov, a retired old man, and went to Starodub and Starodub district, and the guide Ivashko took us abroad to the Lithuanian land, and the first Lithuanian city that we passed was Loev Castle, and the other is Lyubets, and the third is Kyiv. And in Kyiv, in the Pechersky Monastery, Archimandrite Elisha received us, and we lived in Kyiv for only three weeks, and Grishka wanted to go to the Kyiv governor, Prince Vasily Ostrozhsky, and asked for leave from the brethren and from Archimandrite Elisha Pletenetsky. And I spoke to Archimandrite Elisha and the brethren about him and struck with my forehead that he was going to live in Kyiv in the Pechersk Monastery for the sake of spiritual salvation, and then go to the holy city of Jerusalem to the Holy Sepulcher, and now he is going into the world to Prince Vasily of Ostrog and wants a monastic dress reset, and he will steal, and lie to God and the Most Pure Mother of God. And Archimandrite Elisha and the brethren told me: “Here the land in Lithuania is free: whoever wants whatever faith he wants, stays in that.” And I beat my forehead to the archimandrite and the brethren so that they would allow me to live in their Pechersk monastery, but the archimandrite and the brethren did not allow me: “Four of you came, four of you go away.” And they came to Ostrog, to Prince Vasily of Ostrog, this Prince Vasily abides in the true Christian faith. And we spent the summer with him, and in the fall, Prince Vasily sent me and Misail Povadin on his pilgrimage to the Derman Monastery of the Life-Giving Trinity. And Grishka went to the city of Goshcheya to see Pan Gosky, and in Goshcheya he threw off his monastic dress and became a layman, and in Goshcheya he began to study at school in Latin and Polish, and the Luthor literacy, and became an apostate and violator of the laws of the existing Orthodox Christian faith. And I, sir, from the monastery went to Ostrog to Prince Vasily and beat Prince Vasily with my forehead, so that Prince Vasily would order him to be returned from Goshcheya and make him a monk and a deacon in the old way, and would order him to be sent to us to the Dermansky monastery. And Prince Vasily and all his courtyard people told me: “This is the land here - as anyone wants, he abides in that faith.” Yes, the prince told me: “My son, Prince Yanysh, was born in the Christian faith, but he adheres to the Lyash faith, and I cannot appease him. And now he is Pan of Krakow in Goshchei.” And Grishka spent the winter with him in Goshcheya, and after Easter he went missing from Goshcheya and found himself in the city of Brachin with Prince Adam Vishnevetsky and called Prince Adam Prince Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich Uglitsky. And that prince Adam, a hawk moth and a madman, believed that Grishka and began to carry him in chariots and on horses, accompanied by people. From Brashno, Prince Adam went to Vishnevets and took Grishka with him and took him to the noble lords and called him Tsarevich Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Uglitsky. And in Vishnevets Grishka Otrepiev lived with him for the summer and spent the winter. And after Easter, Prince Adam sent Grishka to Krakow to King Sigismund, and Prince Adam told the king about him that he was Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich Uglitsky. And the king called him to his hand, and he began to seduce him, calling himself Tsarevich Dmitry, the son of the blessed sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of all great Russia, the autocrat. And Grishka himself began to cry and say to the king: “Have you heard about the Moscow Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus', the autocrat, how great and formidable he was, how famous he was in many states? And I am his own son, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich. And how by God’s judgment our father died in the Russian state, and our brother Fyodor Ivanovich of all Rus' remained king in the Moscow state, and our traitors exiled me to Uglich and more than once sent many thieves and ordered them to damage me and kill me. And by God’s will and his strong right hand, who sheltered us from their evil intentions, who want to betray us to an evil death, the merciful God did not want to fulfill their evil thoughts, and he sheltered me with invisible force and preserved me for many years, right up to our present age. And now, having matured, with God’s help I am thinking of going to the throne of my ancestors, to the Moscow state.” And saying this, she sheds many tears. “And even then, you, dear king, can understand: as soon as your servant kills you, or your brother, or your son, what will it be like for you at that time? Understand from this what it is like for me now.” And I told him and told him many other things. Yes, the same thing was said to the king and called Grishka Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich Uglitsky by the five Khripunov brothers, and Petrushka, the man of Istoma Mikhneva, and Ivashka Shvar, and Ivashka, who brought us abroad, and the people of Kiev, the townspeople. And that Grishka with Prince Adam Vishnevetsky asked the king for leave to go to Sambir. And I told the king about that Grishka that he is not Tsarevich Dmitry, he is a monk, his name is Grishka, but his nickname is Otrepiev, but he walked with me from Moscow together. And the king and the glad gentlemen did not believe me and sent me to him, to Grishka, in Sambir, to the governor of Sandomierz, to Pan Yuri Mnishek, and they wrote a sheet about me. And how they brought me to Sambir, and undressed me, Grishka took off my monastic dress and ordered me to beat and torture. Yes, Grishka began to talk and talk about us, about me and about the son of the boyar Yakov Pykhachev, as if we were sent from Tsar Boris in order to kill him. And that Yakov Pykhachev, the defrocked one, and the Sandomierz governor ordered him to be executed by death, and he, Yakov, even before the execution called him the defrocked Grishka Otrepyev. And after beating and torturing me, he ordered me to be shackled and thrown into prison. And on the fifteenth day of August, that defrocked man went to war to Moscow, for the Dormition of the Most Pure Mother of God, and ordered me to be kept in prison in Sambir. And they kept me in Sambir for five months, and Pan Yurya’s wife and his daughter Marina rescued me and gave me freedom, and I lived in Kyiv in the Pechersky Monastery. And in the year 113, for our sins, by God's permission, but by the devil's delusion, and his enemy of God, cursed by the entire ecumenical council, the heretic Grishka was stripped of his hair by evil intent, taught by the devil, how he, the heretic, came to Moscow, and I I was in Kyiv at the Chernigov monastery. And about that, sir, ask Pan Yuri Mnishek and his daughter, how he ordered my comrade Yakov Pykhachev to be executed, and how, having chained me, he left me in Sambir, and how Yuri Mnishek’s wife and daughter released me - Pan knows about it all Yuri Mnishek and his daughter Marina and all his courtyard people.” This story ends here. Let's return to what we left behind and talk about the gathering of Trishkin's army and his campaign to Moscow. The Lithuanian people and the Zaporozhye Cossacks learned about this in Kyiv that the real Tsarevich Dmitry, the native son of the blessed sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich, the autocrat of all great Russia, hid from his traitors and from their villainous intentions, because they wanted to put him to an evil death, hid , lived unknown to anyone until manhood, and is now mature, and is thinking of going to the throne of his ancestors, to the Moscow state, and has already been truly tested by the king himself, and the king promised to support him and help him take over the Moscow state. And everyone, considering him a true prince, joined him. And then Russian Cossacks from the Don came to him in Lithuania and returned with him to the estate of Pan Adam Vishnevetsky. And after some time the king wanted to see him, and finding him young and eloquent, he recognized him as a true prince and promised to help him. And he, malicious, promised to give the king of the Russian region the city of Smolensk and all the other cities of the Seversk country, even to Mozhaisk, and to be in the same faith with him. And the Lithuanian king for this ordered to convene free people to help him. And he, the accursed one, sent to the pope in Rome, and there he called himself Tsarevich Dmitry, and ordered the pope to ask for help in order to obtain the Russian state, and promised the pope to accept their Roman faith, calling it the right faith, and to trample the Orthodox Christian faith and destroy the churches of God, and put up churches instead of churches. And in response to these promises, the Pope gave him gold and silver and other valuables, and the Lithuanian king gathered as many troops as he needed. On the 15th day of August 112, the evil one moved to the Russian borders along two roads: from Kyiv across the Dnieper River, and others went along the Crimean Road. And in the year 113, November, on the 26th day, approaching Moravsk, he began to send out scriptures and seduce with the enemy’s charms, we make wise and teach by Satan himself, in Murom, in Chernigov and in Kursk and in other cities, to governors and clerks and all service people, and to all merchants and trade and black people, calling himself this way: “From the Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus' to the governors by name in each city. By the will of God and his strong right hand, who hid us from our traitor Boris Godunov, who wanted to betray us to an evil death, and the merciful God did not want to fulfill his malicious thoughts, God hid me, your born sovereign, with invisible force and preserved me for many years. And I, Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich, have now reached adulthood and, with God’s help, am going to the throne of our ancestors, the Moscow state and all the states of the Russian kingdom. And you, who belong to us by birth, would remember the Orthodox Christian true faith, the kissing of the cross, on which you kissed the cross to our father, to the Tsar of blessed memory and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus' and to us, his children, who wanted good for us in everything and except our royal family does not want or look for another sovereign for the Moscow state. And how, by God’s judgment, our father and brother were no longer in the state, and through wickedness and violence that Boris became the king of the state, but you did not know about us, your born sovereign, and kissed the cross for him out of ignorance. And now you recognize us, your sovereign sovereign, and from our traitor Boris Godunov come to us and from now on we, your born sovereign, serve without deception and goodness, just like our father, Tsar Tsar of blessed memory and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of all Rus'. And I will begin to favor you according to my royal merciful custom and even more, and to keep you in honor, and we want to keep all Orthodox Christianity in silence, in peace and in a prosperous life.” And the people in those cities - in Murom, in Chernigov, in Kursk, and in the Komaritsa volost, and in Putivl, and in Rylsk, and in Starodub, and in Roma (...) no one began to fight with him: wherever he went , everywhere they opened the fortress gates to him and showed him proper worship and brought him gifts that were due to the royal majesty. And his other army, which marched along the Crimean road, annexed the cities of Narev, Belgorod and many other cities and villages to him. And that Grishka went to the New Seversky City 15, and the governors Prince Nikita Romanovich Trubetskoy and Pyotr Fedorovich Basmanov were sitting in it, and they did not want to surrender to him, but prepared weapons. And he began to approach the city with his army and fire mercilessly from cannons and arquebuses at the city, and they smashed the fortress right up to the earthen rampart. And the governors and citizens sitting in the fortress, seeing the destruction of the fortress walls, came up with a cunning thing: they began to beat him with their foreheads and ask for mercy for the reason that, out of ignorance, they defended themselves against him, and now they recognized their born sovereign; stop working, breaking the fortress, we put all our shields and weapons in front of you, and are now ready to open the fortress to you and will greet you with due honor, like everyone else. And he, having heard this, was glad and ordered those shooting at the fortress to stop shooting. And the besieged secretly prepared shields and pointed cannons and squeaks, and raised sabers, and prepared all kinds of weapons against them, and they themselves, like wolves, lay down under the shields and hid in secret places, and opened the city gates. They, not knowing this, like wild hungry animals hunting for prey, hurried in front of each other to be the first to enter the city, and walked closely, pushing each other. And having sufficiently launched them into the fortress, the besieged began to hit the entire army, as if against a wall, with all kinds of weapons, and as if they had paved a bridge under the city walls and in the gates with people, but the gates were closed, and of those who entered the fortress, they beat some , and they took others alive, and killed up to four thousand of them, while others, seeing this, ran away. And Grishka Stripped, seeing their efforts and similar honor to himself from the townspeople: instead of crosses and images of spears and sabers, instead of censers - guns and squeaks, instead of fragrant incense - gunpowder smoke and stench, instead of sweet fruits, tasting cannon and squeal balls, anointed not with honey , but with deadly poison - and so the filthy one was filled with shame and anger and again ordered to begin the hail. And the townspeople became even bolder and, as if one heart was beating in everyone’s chest, they stood up for battle and fought hard with them. They, standing under the hail, laid down a lot of heads, but achieved nothing. And Tsar Boris, having heard that Grishka Rasstriga calls himself Tsarevich Dmitry and many cities are going over to him without a fight, and is standing under the New Seversky City, - and sends a governor from Moscow to the rescue of the city, Prince Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky, and Prince Vasily Ivanovich, and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky and with them many governors with many troops. When they approached the city and began to help the besieged, army and army met. Just as two clouds filled with water become dark before the rain falls on the earth, so those two armies, converging to shed human blood, covered the earth, wanting to overcome one another. And just as there is thunder in the heavenly clouds, so in the earthly clouds the roar of arquebuses sounded, and fire flashed like lightning in the dark darkness, and bullets and arrows whistled through the air, flying out of countless bows, and people fell like sheaves in ravines. And so the two armies came together, and there was a great battle, they chopped, grabbed each other by the hand, and there was a scream and noise from human voices and such a roar of weapons that the earth shook, and it was impossible to hear what one was saying to the other. And the battle was terrible, just like on the Don with Grand Duke Dmitry and Mamai, this battle was full of horror and fear. And Grishka cunningly prepared for battle: many of his people and horses were dressed in bear skins and sheep skins turned inside out, other horses had braids on both sides, and they cut people in cramped conditions and do a lot of evil. And the horses of the Moscow army recoiled from those horses and did not go to the enemy. And in that confusion they began to kill and overcome even more, and so the Moscow army was mixed up, and in this confusion they beat many people, and reached the very voivode’s banner, and with human bodies they paved the ground, as if with a bridge, and human blood flowed along the ground in streams, and seriously wounded the governor himself, Prince Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky 16. And so Grishka’s army defeated him, and Boris’s army fled (...). About the second battle of Dobrynichi 17 And again the bloodthirsty lion does not sleep, with his beasts, as if for a wedding feast, he strives for bloodshed, to lap up Christian blood and eat human flesh, he gathers regiments of military people. But these Moscow Borisov governors are not afraid of his teeth, but even more boldly oppose him and take up arms with brave hearts to take revenge on him for the previously shed Christian blood. Like clear falcons on gray ducklings, or like white gyrfalcons clean their beaks to peck, and sharp claws to pierce flesh, and spread their wings, and prepare their shoulders for bird killing, so the Christian champions of the Orthodox faith, put on the armor of a commander with Christ-loving with their army against the saint of Satan and his army beloved by demons, they take up weapons and shields and call on God and the Most Pure Mother of God, the Christian intercessor and helper, and the Moscow miracle workers and all the saints for help. And they began to converge at Dobrynichi near Komaritsa volost; A few days after the first battle, both armies lined up, and there was a second battle, more fierce than the first. They tried to defeat each other, and many, many people fell on both sides, like trees bent over or like sheaves lay along ravines, and no one wanted to retreat from the other, but each wanted to hit the other, and they killed each other. It was scary and terrible to see this; there was a great and fierce battle, and a lot of blood was shed. And the Moscow governor, Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, could not see the blood being shed, became enraged in his heart, and smartly and bravely with his regiment of his right hand rushed at the army of the saint of Satan and, dividing it in two, cut it like grass, overturned those opposing, and those who were afraid of death , ran away from him and cleared his way. With the regiment of his left hand, Ivan Ivanovich Godunov also showed his courage: bravely and courageously he attacks and beats the enemy, as he cuts through the streets, no one can stand up against him. So other commanders and heads could not resist, they stepped out strongly and unanimously and crushed his entire army, and they, showing their backs, ran. And they pursued them and cut them down from behind without mercy, and they beat many of them and took many alive, and few of them escaped. And Prince Ivan Tatev took the damned one to the city of Rylsk, and from there he fled to the city of Putivl. And if Prince Ivan Tatev had not saved him then, he himself would have been killed here. But for our sins, he remained alive to once again shed Christian blood and defeat Tsar Boris. And the damned Grishka Otrepyev was overwhelmed with even more fear and great trepidation and, having lost all hope, began to think about escaping to Lithuania. And Tsar Boris was filled with rage and anger at the inhabitants of the Komaritsa volost 18 and ordered it to be captured and devastated to the end by a great captivity because they had given themselves up and served the Stripping, and to flog all Orthodox Christians, young and old, with a sword, and to torture others with various torments, that and it was done. And who, even having a stone instead of a heart, did not cry and groan about how the Orthodox Christians of the Komaritsa volost were conquered by Tsar Boris? And the filthy foreign peoples cannot do what Tsar Boris did, pouring out his anger and rage, with many torments, without mercy, tormented and killed not only husbands, but also wives, and innocent babies sucking milk, and beat many of them - from man and to cattle. And their property was plundered, and their houses were devastated and burned with fire, everything was turned to ashes, so that the unprecedented evil of his captivity is impossible to describe. And when Grishka Rasstriga wanted to flee to Lithuania, all the townspeople and all the people who submitted to him began to beg him with tears and ask him: “Oh, great sovereign! You are going to go back to Lithuania, and who are you leaving us with? Or will you deliver us into the hands of your traitor Boris, so that he will captivate us as well as the Komarinsky inhabitants, and torture us with cruel and bitter torments? It’s better to order our heads to be cut off, but don’t deliver us alive into the hands of Boris. Oh, great trouble has befallen us! We sailed from one shore, but did not reach the other shore, and now we are standing in the middle of the sea. We are completely lost: we abandoned Boris, but we couldn’t hold on to you, we don’t know what to do. We have only one way to salvation: not to let you go, but to beat Boris with our forehead and pay for our guilt with your head.” And Grishka answered them: “I don’t have an army now, you see, everything is broken, I barely ran away, and my entire treasury is depleted. I don’t think at all about running away and leaving my homeland, but I want to go to Lithuania for the treasury and the army, so that I can fight with greater strength for the Orthodox states of my homeland.” And they said to him: “Take, sir, everything we have, and then we will all go with you, and we will all perish or receive life and honor from you.” And they brought him all the silver, as many as they had: some a thousand rubles, some a hundred, some more, some less. And Grishka, with the help of that silver, barely held on; appeared of his own free will, and now he was forced to stay, unwillingly, because his new subjects did not want to part with him alive. And again Grishka settled in Putivl and began to gather an army from as many as he could. And Tsar Boris rejoiced a lot about this. And in the city of Kromy the Cossack ataman Grishka Korela 19 settled with the Cossacks and the Kromlyans of the same heretical army. And Tsar Boris sends his governor, boyar Fyodor Ivanovich Sheremetev, to Kromy with a large army. And they, approaching the city, besieged the fortress and began to storm the walls, but the defenders of the city killed many troops and shed a lot of Christian blood. And Tsar Boris also sent the governor - Prince Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky with a large army to quickly take the city. And the governors gathered troops and bravely and courageously attacked the fortress, fired cannons at the fort and the city, and used all sorts of battering tricks, and they smashed the fort and the city to the ground. But those Cossacks, malicious and treacherous, not afraid of death and disobedient and patient with all hardships, sat in holes on the ground and fought with the besiegers from underground, and made forays from the city. And so, having failed to take the cities, the Moscow governors stood near Kromy until spring. And then many people in the army died from the winter cold, since the time was very cold and there were terrible frosts. And Tsar Boris in the Moscow state and in other states and cities of the Russian state ordered His Holiness Patriarch Job and the noble boyar and governor Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky to convince people, for the Tsar and Grand Duke Fedor Ivanovich of All Rus' of blessed memory sent them to inspect and bury the body of the murdered noble. Tsarevich Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, his brother. And he commanded them to preach at the top of their voices to the crowd of many people from the Moscow state, saying: “Oh, the multitude of all the people! Do not doubt and do not believe the rumors, for truly Tsarevich Dmitry was killed, I saw him with my own eyes and even buried him in the city of Uglich in the Church of the magnificent Transfiguration of the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ, and you will pray for him. And Grishka Otrepiev, undressed, is coming at us, calling himself by his prince’s name, and you curse him.” And letters were sent to states and cities. But people did not believe anyone - neither the Holy Patriarch, nor Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, and so they said to each other: “This is on the orders of Boris and they are saying this out of fear of him.” And Tsar Boris ordered in the cathedral church to loudly read the eternal memory of the noble Tsarevich and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich, and to curse Grishka Otrepiev, who was going to the Moscow State, to remove his hair; He also ordered the states of great Russia to do the same. But he achieved nothing by this, and people throughout the Russian state were even more indignant and angry at him in their hearts, saying: “If not this, what else can Boris say? If he doesn’t speak like that, then he will have to renounce the Russian kingdom and risk his life.” And so they supported each other. Others said otherwise, as if Tsar Boris was truly Tsarevich and to this day considers the Tsarevich killed, but does not know that another was killed in his place: having long known Boris’s evil thoughts against the Tsarevich, that he wants to secretly kill him unknown where and at what time, mother The prince fed another child instead of the prince, and the prince himself was sent to faithful people for observance, and God thus saved him from the murder and destruction of Borisov, and now he has matured and is going to his ancestral throne. And wishing for his arrival in Moscow, when they learn about his victory over the Moscow troops of Boris, they rejoice; when they learn that the Moscow troops have won a victory over the expected Dmitry, who is coming to Moscow, they walk in sorrow, hanging their heads. And the slanderers whispered to Tsar Boris about those who said that Dmitry was coming, and not the defrocked one, and that he was taking the real defrocked one with him and showing him off so that people would not doubt. And for such words, Tsar Boris ordered their tongues to be cut out, and others to be put to death with many different torments, but he could not prevent the people from having these conversations and hoping. And Boris heard that his governors had not returned a single city to him, but even more cities were falling away from him and swearing allegiance to Grishka, while Grishka himself was standing in Putivl, gathering a great army from Lithuania and from other states, filled with rage and breathing anger like an insatiable the viper boasts and wants to come against Tsar Boris, but not as a king, but as a servant. And Tsar Boris, seeing the infidelity of all the people who were ready to serve the approaching self-proclaimed Tsarevich Dmitry and were waiting for him, was in great doubt, wondering what to do if the impostor really turned out to be not a defrocked man, but Tsarevich Dmitry. And he completely despaired of saving his life and intoxicated himself with a deadly potion 20 and took monastic vows and was named Bogolep by the monks. And soon he died a bitter and violent death from a fierce poison, so that his appearance changed from convulsions, and his whole body turned black like coal, and it is impossible to describe what he became from the fierce potion. And he ordered to be buried in the cathedral church of the Archangel Michael with the other kings buried here. He died in the year 113, on the 13th day of April, and after him remained his wife Queen Maria, his son Fedor, and his daughter the maiden Ksenia, but he remained king for 7 years and five weeks. After the death of Boris, his son Fyodor was named sovereign in the kingdom of Moscow, and he sent to the regiments for the governors Prince Fyodor Mstislavsky and Prince Vasily, and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky and called them to Moscow. And instead of them, two half-brothers, Prince Vasily and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Golitsyn, Mikhail Saltykov, and Ivan Ivanovich Godunov, remained as governors. And he sends to their regiments the governor of Prince Mikhail Katyrev-Rostovsky and Pyotr Fedorovich Basmanov, and Metropolitan Isidor of Novgorod to lead the army to kiss the cross to Fedor Borisovich, his mother Maria, and his sister Ksenia. And they arrived in the regiments in Kromy, where the Metropolitan began to lead the army to the kiss of the cross. Some in the regiments kissed the cross for them, while others did not want to kiss the cross and sent the Metropolitan to Moscow. The Moscow governors Prince Vasily and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Golitsyn, and Pyotr Basmanov, seeing doubt and confusion in the regiments, and the cities were dying from the confusion, they themselves doubted and believed that Rasstriga was the native son of the sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus' and remembered about the mercy towards them of the Tsar of blessed memory: “Would a low-born and unglorious man from the village, Grishka Rasstriga, dare to start such a thing? And not without intention, the Polish and Lithuanian king helps him, and the Russian people with their cities come under his rule, and all the people of the Russian state do not want to stand up against him. Yes, it is better for us to do it of our own free will than to submit to him involuntarily, and we will be honored. And if it’s forced, then we will also be with him, but with dishonor, judging by the events of recent times.” And so they reasoned and agreed among themselves to stick to Rasstriga, and to betray Boris’s son and leave his army, and this agreement was firmly confirmed among themselves. And many Novgorod and Ryazan boyar children joined them. So it all happened, and one day two armies lined up for battle, taking shields and weapons in their hands. And Prince Vasily and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Golitsyn, and Mikhail Saltykov, and Pyotr Basmanov with all their regiments quickly rode ahead of everyone, and with them the boyar children and the Lyapunov nobles with other boyar children rode as if to battle. And all the others stood and looked at those who boldly crossed to the enemy bank of the Kroma and peacefully united with the enemy troops, and they let them pass through their army. And when the aforementioned Moscow governors passed, and again Ataman Korela with his Cossacks and with the inhabitants of Krom, all with one spirit struck the remaining Moscow army and threw it all into confusion, for his courage left him at the sight of the governors leaving them and the brave army uniting with the enemy . And everyone despaired of their hopes, turned their backs and ran. And the enemy chased them, but did not flog the fleeing ones, knowing that they were involuntarily sent by Tsar Boris to battle, and robbed them, but instead of flogging and killing them, they beat them with whips and drove them further with the words: “And in the future, do not go to battle against us! ” And they were caught by the governor Ivan Godunov and sent to their chief Grishka in Putivl, and joyful news was sent to him about the transfer to his side of the above-mentioned Moscow governors with many regiments. And the Ryazan boyar children with all their cities and villages along the Oka went over to him. He, having learned about this, rejoiced with great joy. And Ivan Godunov ordered to be put in prison, and the Moscow governor ordered to be brought to the kiss of the cross. Other governors of Tsar Boris - Prince Mikhail Katyrev-Rostovsky and Semyon Chemodanov ran to Moscow with this news. And Rasstriga is filled with even greater insolence and feels the closeness of the fulfillment of her desire and writes to the reigning city, the mother of all cities, to Moscow, according to the teachings of the devil, the father of all lies and flattery, delighting everyone with sweet words, like honey. Just as in ancient times, at the beginning of the world, the devil deceived the ancestors Adam and Eve to fall away from heavenly life and brought death to the human race, so now he teaches his saint to strip his hair; the glory of this fleeting world deceived him to fall away from the rank of angels and from the kingdom of heaven and choose corruption and death and bring other people with him into destruction. And first, with such charm he attempted to seduce the people of the Moscow state: “From the Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus' to our boyars, Prince Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky and Prince Vasily, and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky, and all the boyars, okolnichy and great noblemen, and stewards, and solicitors, and tenants, and clerks, and clerks, and nobles from the cities, boyar children, and guests, and the best and average merchants, and all sorts of black people. You kissed the cross of blessed memory to our father, the great sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus' and to us, his children, so that outside our family we would not want any other sovereign and would not look for the Moscow state. And how by God’s judgment our father, the great sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus', died, and our brother, the Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus', sat in the Moscow state, and the Empress, my mother the Queen and the Grand Duchess nun Martha Feodorovna of All Rus', and the traitors to the great sovereign sent us to Uglich, and so oppressed our Majesty, which was unsuitable for our subjects to do - they sent many thieves and ordered to damage us and kill us. And the merciful God, the great sovereign, sheltered us from their evil intentions and from then until our present years, by His will, preserved us. And to you, our boyars and okolnichy, and nobles, and officials, and guests, merchants and all sorts of people, our traitors insisted that we, the great sovereign, were gone, and they buried us, the great sovereign, in Uglich, in the cathedral church at the all-merciful Savior. And how by the will of God our brother, the Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus', passed away, and you, not knowing about us, your born sovereign, kissed the cross of our traitor Boris Godunov, not knowing his malicious character and fearing that Under our brother Tsar and Grand Duke Fyodor Ivanovich of All Rus', of blessed memory, he ruled the entire state of Moscow and favored and executed whomever he wanted. But they didn’t know about us, their born sovereign, but thought that we had been killed by our traitors. And how about us, the great sovereign, a rumor spread throughout the Russian state that with God's help we, the great sovereign, are going to the Orthodox throne of our ancestors, the great sovereigns of the Russian tsars, and we wanted to receive our state without bloodshed, and you, our boyars and the governors and all sorts of service people stood against us, the great sovereign, out of ignorance and fearing the death penalty from our traitor, but they did not dare to speak about us, the great sovereign. And I, a Christian sovereign, according to my royal merciful custom, do not hold our anger and disgrace against you, because you did it out of ignorance and fear of execution. And now we, the great sovereign, will soon come, with God’s help, to the throne of our ancestors, the great sovereigns of the Russian Tsars, and with us many Russian, Lithuanian and Tatar armies. But the cities of our state were finished off to our royal majesty and did not stand against us and kissed the cross, remembering their souls and the kiss of the cross to us, the great sovereign, and they bravely and courageously want to stand against our traitors, and you yourself know this for certain. And the Volga region cities were finished off to us, the great sovereign, and the governors were brought to us, and the Astrakhan governors Mikhail Saburov and his comrades are being led to our royal majesty, and now they are on the road to Voronezh. And Prince Ishcherek and Murza from the Kazyev ulus wrote to us from the Great Nogai Horde that they wanted to help our royal majesty. And we, the Christian sovereign, not wanting Christian ruin, did not order the Nogai people to go before our decree, pitying our state, and ordered the Nogai people to wander under the Tsar’s City. But our traitors Maria Borisova, Godunova’s wife, and her son Fyodor do not regret our land, and they had nothing to regret, because strangers owned our fatherland, the land of Seversk, and many other cities and districts, and they destroyed Orthodox Christians without guilt. But we, the Christian sovereign, did not blame you, our boyars and serving people, because you did it out of ignorance and fearing the death penalty from our traitors. And even then it was useful for you to know what oppression from our traitor Boris Godunov was to you, our boyars and governors, and our relatives, reproach and reproach and dishonor, and inflicted on you, which was impossible to endure from your own family, and you, nobles and children boyars, ruin and exile and unbearable torment were, which is not suitable for prisoners; but you, guests and merchants, were not given any freedom in trade or duties, which was a third of your property, but little and not all was taken away, but even so they could not moderate his malicious disposition. And you still don’t admit your guilt and you can’t know us, your born sovereign, but you don’t remember God’s righteous judgment and want to shed the blood of innocent Orthodox Christians, which not only is it wrong for us to do, but foreigners mourn your ruin and they get sick and, having recognized us, the Christian meek and merciful sovereign, they serve us and do not spare their blood for us. And we, the Christian sovereign, not wanting to see bloodshed in Christianity, write to you, pitying you and about your souls, so that you, remembering God and the Orthodox faith and your souls, on which of blessed memory our father, the great sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of all Rus', and to us, his children, they kissed the cross, and to the Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus' they finished off the brow and sent metropolitans and archbishops, and boyars, and okolnichy, and great nobles, and duma clerks, and boyar children to ask for mercy to our royal majesty , and guests, and the best people. And we, the great sovereign, according to our royal merciful custom, will honor you all, and we will honor and promote you, our boyars and governors, and reward you with your former ancestral ancestry, and we will also add to this and hold you in honor. And we want to keep you, nobles and officials, in our royal favor. And we, the guests and merchants of the entire Moscow state, grant you duties and taxes, we order you to be given privileges and relief, and we want to establish all Orthodox Christianity in peace and quiet and in a prosperous life. But you will not finish off our royal majesty with your brow and you will not send mercy to ask, and you can judge that you will have to answer for this on the day of God’s righteous judgment, and from righteous anger and from our royal high hand you will not be saved anywhere, nor will you be able to hide in your mother’s womb . And with God’s help we, the great sovereign, will achieve our glorious states.” And the Rasstrigin envoys - Gavrila Pushkin and Naum Pleshcheev - arrived with this letter on the first of June, and the letter was read at Lobnoye Mesto in front of the entire multitude of the Moscow people. And when the Moscow and all Russian people heard this message, they believed that all this was true, that the Lord, through his ineffable destinies, with his generous right hand saved the prince from Boris’s destruction, and they believed that he was a prince born of his Christian faith, and about Boris They truly knew that they had stolen the kingdom by untruth and shed countless amounts of innocent Christian blood, cunningly seeking that great state. And they rejoiced with great joy, giving glory to God, and there was a great noise and cry among them, and it was impossible to make out who was saying what. And calling on each other, they rushed at Tsar Fedor, Boris's son, and at his mother and their entire family, and without mercy began to plunder their yards and catch themselves, and in the blink of an eye they robbed everyone, their property and themselves were seized, like a strong storm they were scattered them like dust. And the Moscow boyars and governors, and nobles, and other royal associates, seeing the actions of the entire people of the Moscow state, and they shields and spears and, more simply, throw down all their weapons and meet the prince near Tula; and everyone falls to the ground in front of him, calling him the native son of the late king. And in battle, he, the godless one, did not take a single weight, let alone an insignificant city. And in those places there was no one who knew him, and an old man named Leonid, who walked with him from Putivl and called him Grishka Otrepyev and showed him to many in Lithuania and in the Seversk land, on the orders of the Pretender, was put in prison in Putivl as if for some kind of guilt. And again from Tula to the surrounding cities that are in the Russian region, he sends messengers with letters, and in the letters he writes like this: “From the Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus', to which city to the governors and clerks by name. By the will of God and his strong right hand, who saved us from our traitor Boris Godunov, who wanted to betray us to an evil death, the merciful God did not want to fulfill his malicious thoughts and preserved me, your born sovereign, in his destinies. And I, the Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus', have now matured and, with God’s help, sat on the throne of our ancestors in the Moscow state and in all the states of the Russian kingdom. And in Moscow and in all cities, our boyars and okolnichi, and clerks, and clerks, and nobles, and boyar children, and all sorts of clerks throughout our state and foreigners, kissed the cross to us, their born sovereign, and we granted them guilt. they were forgiven. And how this letter of ours will come to you, and you, the subjects given to us by birth, remembering the true Orthodox Christian faith and the kiss of the cross, on which the cross was kissed to our father, of blessed memory to the Tsar Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich of All Rus', and to us, children they kissed his cross, his born sovereign. And you would bring centurions, and archers, and gunners, and collars, and townspeople, and volosts, and black people to the kiss of the cross, and bring all kinds of foreigners according to their faith. Why kiss the cross and bring all kinds of people to the cross, and we sent you a kissing record with this letter of ours together. And when you bring all kinds of people to the cross, we will reward them and you with our great royal salary, which you cannot even imagine. And who exactly will you take the oath, and you would write about it and send lists of names to us in Moscow, and indicate where it was written, in what quarter and to whom it was written. Summer 7113, June 11th day.” And with such devilish intent and lies, not with his own mind and reason, but acting with the flattering spirit that had infused him, he deceived not only the boyars and all the people of great Russia, but also the king of the Lithuanian land and all the lords and his courtiers. And so that heretic went to the reigning city with great audacity and without the slightest fear. And he sent his servants ahead of him and ordered the executioners to put Boris’s wife Maria and her son Fyodor to an evil death, tear their souls from their body, and ordered his daughter to be left alive so that he could enjoy her beauty, which is what happened. You see, my beloved, what kind of end awaits those who commit unrighteous iniquities: with the same measure they measure, the same measure will be measured to them, and what cup they fill for others, that cup they themselves drink. Oh, the depth of error, darkened descendant of the builders of the Babylonian pillar 22, from them the whole world was divided. Oh, blindness, oh, his furies, oh, many curses, oh, great ignorance, oh, delicacies of the hungry and vain possessions and thirst for high thrones, oh, insolence and unauthorized kissing of the cross and perjury! How did he forget and how was he not afraid of the end of his days in this fast-flowing, uncertain world, how does he want, in the short time allotted to him, what we will quickly learn and have time to enjoy? Where is the glory of arrogance now? Where are his wife and beloved children? Where are the golden-domed palaces? Where are the bright meals and fattened calves? Where are the male and female slaves who serve him? Where are the precious clothes and shoes? Where are the other royal utensils? Who can take his wife and children away from the executioner? They raised their eyes here and there, and did not find a helper anywhere, they found themselves in extreme poverty and were strangled, they met death fiercely and without mercy. And that heretic Grishka admired the wondrous and glorious, shining in the sky as if it was shining, the great city of Moscow, and entered it in 113, the month of June on the 20th day, on Thursday, and no one stopped him. And then that heretic, not by his own reason and desire, but by God’s will, for it is not proper for murderers and robbers to be with the righteous, ordered that above-mentioned holy murderer Boris from the Archangel Cathedral from the royal ancestors to be thrown out in shame into the square. And everyone saw that here he was - that same Boris, who had previously cut down the great trees that were flourishing, like cypresses, and with his merciless sickle he had squeezed many other trees, like flowers or fig leaves, and where he now lay, like a beggar, thrown to shame. And the heretic Grishka ordered him and his son to be buried in a wretched convent called Varsonofev. And then he entered the Kremlin, where the royal chambers are located. And many Moscow people who knew him began to recognize him, and God helped the above-mentioned first-sufferer boyar Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky to learn about the lawlessness of Rasstriga and his Godless heresy. And he began to loudly denounce his crime in the hearing of all people, 23 saying: “I know you that you are not the son of kings, but a lawbreaker, defrocked, Grishka Bogdanov, son of Otrepiev.” And the people, hearing these words, were surprised and horrified, and did not do him any harm. And that accursed heretic, in order not to be convicted of his shameless crime, planned with his advisers to put him to death. And on Saturday, the third day after his entry into the reigning city of Moscow, on the 23rd day of June, he put that boyar and his siblings as bailiffs, and the next day, on Sunday, on the 24th day of June, he installed Ignatius the Greek as patriarch. And on Monday, June 25, he ordered that great boyar Shuisky to be put to death in the middle of a hailstorm, his head to be cut off with a sword in front of all the people, so that others would be afraid to expose him. And his bailiffs were Mikhailo Saltykov and Pyotr Basmanov. When they brought him to the Fire (Red Square. - Comp.) and set him up, and next to him they set up a block and laid axes, and Pyotr Basmanov began to ride among the people, read the list compiled by Rasstriga and instill in everyone’s ears like this: “This great boyar Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky betrays me, your born sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich of All Rus', and speaks unkind things about me to everyone and disgraces me with all of you, with our boyars, princes and nobles, and with the boyars’ children, and with guests, and with all the people of great Russia, he calls me not Dmitry Tsarevich, but the heretic Grishka Otrepyev, and for this we condemned him: let him die.” Yet the people standing here were filled with fear and trembling, and tears flowed from their eyes. And near the boyar Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, many archers with many weapons were stationed, as well as many Lithuanian and Cherkassy gentlemen with spears and sabers, and throughout the city all the archers were armed, as if for battle, and everyone who saw this was filled with fear and horror . But our humane creator and creator did not allow this to happen and took pity on his creation, wishing with that passion-bearer to save his bride - the church - from ruin, and for the suffering he accepted as truth, to glorify him and place him over everyone, as the Lord himself said with his righteous lips: “I will glorify those who glorify me.” And he delivered that great boyar from the unrighteous sword raised against him by a lawbreaker, and saved him from innocent death, restraining the snake, ready to grab him with its open mouth. And he only ordered that above-mentioned boyar Prince Vasily Ivanovich and his brothers Prince Dmitry and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Shuisky to be sent to various distant cities into captivity, and ordered their houses and property to be plundered. And the great boyars spent six months in that captivity, but suffered for their love for Christ, for the true Orthodox Christian faith. And on the 18th day of July, on Thursday, the queen nun Marfa Fedorovna arrived in Moscow, and the boyars of the Moscow state greeted her with honor, and that Grishka Otrepiev himself was with them. And after, seeing that boyar Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky’s courageous boldness and inflamed with spiritual fire and heartfelt desire and trying not to yield to him in courage, many of the famous monks who wanted to die for the true Christian faith and for piety, saw with the eyes of their hearts by the action of the Holy Spirit, that Grishka Otrepyev was a heretic and a lawbreaker, and they began to shout loudly, like trumpets, at a gathering of people and denounce his damned heresy, saying: “Oh, men, Moscow people and the multitude of all Orthodox Christians! We tell you the real truth that the tsar who now reigns in Moscow is not a tsar, not the son of a tsar, but a lawbreaker and a disgraced, a damned heretic, whom everyone previously cursed in the holy cathedral and apostolic church of the Most Pure Mother of God of her honorable and glorious Dormition as Grishka Otrepiev.” . And he, hard-hearted, was inflamed with an evil fire of rage at the obsession of Satan and wanted to destroy them, and ordered them to be seized and subjected to many different torments, and he ordered many to be locked up in prisons in the far parts of the Russian region and shackled in iron, and others to be executed without mercy . And he filled the hearts of people with fear and trembling, so that those who had known him for a long time could not raise their eyes to him, much less denounce him. And soon, in the same year 113, on July 1, Sunday, the one cursed by everyone reigned and began to do a lot of evil to Orthodox Christianity in the reigning city. And so he fell away from the Orthodox faith, the accursed criminal, Satan's saint and forerunner, that he desecrated the very image of God and wanted to destroy the altars of God's churches, and destroy monasteries and monastic dwellings, and equalize the Orthodox Christian faith with the fallen faith, and build churches instead of God's churches. . And he began to live like other heretics of other nations, and wanted to force Orthodox Christians to worship idols, and he desecrated many young nuns, corrupted many youths and maidens, and great weeping and weeping began among the people, for never before had there been such a misfortune. And in this short life he arranged fun for himself, and for his future life - a sign of his eternal home, which no one in the world has ever seen either in the Russian state or in others except underground: a huge hell with three chapters 24. And on both On the sides he attached copper bells to his jaws, and when he spreads his jaws, from within there is a burst of flame at everyone standing nearby and loud sounds are heard from his larynx, and has teeth and claws ready to grab, and flames also burst out of his ears. And the damned Rastriga placed him in front of his chambers on the Moscow River for his exposure, so that he could look at him from his highest palace and be ready to move into him for endless centuries together with his like-minded people. And he took as his wife from the great land of Lithuania a Lutheran of their infidel faith, just like him, taught evil and witchcraft wisdom, the daughter of a certain Sandomierz lord Yuri Mnishek, a girl named Marina. And with her, leaving his estates in the Luthor region, her father, Pan Yuri, and with him many other great gentlemen, came to the Russian state. And that accursed criminal married in the year 114, the month of May, on the 8th day, on Thursday, on the feast of the holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, on the eve of Friday and on the eve of the memory of the wonderworker St. Nicholas. And immediately after the wedding, Rasstriga raised a great storm and began a persecution of Christians, and betrayed the Christian faith, and, according to Roman custom, began to observe Saturday fast 25, as he promised the Pope, and on Wednesday and Friday he began to eat beef and other unclean foods. And that accursed persecutor and his evil advisers planned to kill the boyars and guests and all Orthodox Christians on the 18th day of May, Sunday. Oh, it was bad for us in the year 114, the month of May on the 18th day, on Sunday, on the day of the Ascension of Christ! He wanted, a malicious wolf, cruel and unmerciful, like Phocas the Tormentor and Constantine the Apostate and Julian the Apostate, or like Pharaoh on the people of Israel, to sharpen his sword in order to chop us, Orthodox Christians, without a trace, and to shed our blood without any guilt in order to turn that joyful day Christ's Resurrection on the day of sorrow. And he wanted to desecrate holy places, and turn monasteries into dwellings of the wicked, and according to his evil plan, he wanted to marry young monks and nuns, and give nuns in marriage, and those monks and nuns who do not want to take off their angelic image and not desires the delights of this fast-flowing life, to be executed with a sword. And the accursed one planned to create all this evil on Sunday and flood the Moscow state with filthy infidels - Lithuanians, Jews and Poles and other nasty ones, so that Russian people would be little noticeable among them. And with those evil advisers he was going to do all this evil on Sunday. But from the beginning he who created us, his slaves, the Lord, our Creator and Maker, did not forget what he promised us, and wiped away our tears, and did not allow the evil beast to eat the sheep of his chosen flock, and did not allow the days of his three-day Resurrection to be turned into an insult to his faithful slaves, but he, the evil serpent, opening his mouth to swallow us, turned his favorite Sabbath day into a day of eternal destruction and into a day of inconsolable crying and sobbing for endless centuries. And the Lord God pointed his sharp sword at his neck and at his advisers, the damned wicked, according to the words of the scripture: “Whoever digs a hole will fall into it himself.” And that accursed criminal, who wanted to live in ancient malice, in the abomination of desolation, in the bosom of the proud Satan, and even more so, following his predecessor Judas, intending to surpass Satan himself in the abysses of hell, called himself not only a king, but also an invincible emperor and soon He deprived himself of all the brief glory of this world, and with all kinds of torment he cast out his stinking soul from his stinking body. On the tenth day after his wedding, 114, the month of May on the 16th day, in the fourth week after Easter, on Saturday, he was killed with swords and other weapons, dragged along the ground from his highest and brightest palaces by the hands of many people who had previously attacked him It was impossible to even look at him alive, much less touch him. And so he was thrown out of the fortress and thrown into the marketplace, cursed and trampled upon by everyone and desecrated by everyone in every way for his evil and cruel disposition. And with his invisible power, our Creator-Deliverer instantly defeated his advisers, the great multitude of the above-mentioned evil wicked people. And the Russian people, desperate and unarmed, with God’s help, their deadly weapons were taken away from them and they, armed, were defeated. And so many of them, the wicked, died on that Sabbath day that it was impossible to walk along all the streets of the great city of Moscow because of their corpses. And he delivered us, his sinful servants, from that great soul-killing deadly plague. And for three days the corpse of the accursed god-fighter lay in the market place, and everyone looked at his unclean corpse, not covered by anyone, naked, as he came from his mother’s womb. And the idols that he worshiped, but did not help him in any way, were placed on his chest. And after three days, the accursed man was thrown out of the city into the field. And his corpse, thrown out in shame, was not only disgusting for people to look at, but the very land from which it was taken abhorred it. And we saw all this, and everyone said to himself: “Oh, an evil deed: he was born, enlightened by holy baptism and called himself the son of light, and now he himself wanted to become the son of destruction!” And when he lay in the field, many people heard loud cries and tambourines and pipes and other demonic games over his body at midnight and until the roosters crowed: so Satan rejoiced at the arrival of his servant. Oh, the curse is so heavy on you, the accursed one, that the earth also disdains to accept your accursed heretical body, and the air began to breathe a stench, and the clouds did not give rain, not wanting to wash his accursed body, and the sun did not warm the earth, frosts struck and deprived us of ears of wheat while his stinking body lay on the ground. By the will of God and the prayers of the Most Pure Mother of God to her birth and with the help of the great miracle workers Peter, Alexei and Jonah and all the saints, we, Orthodox Christians, throughout the Russian land, elected for our kingdom from the royal chamber of advisers a righteous and pious husband, a relative of the former pious kings, the Grand Duke Vladimir 26, named Vasily in holy baptism, the blessed Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky, the boyar Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, who suffered first of all for the Orthodox Christian faith. And he was named king in the same year 114, on the 19th day of May, on Monday. Our creator, the lover of mankind, God, who does not allow his creatures to deviate from their customs and doom all the people living on earth to die of starvation, his slaves, indicated to his faithful servant, who wears a cross and was named Tsar and Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich, the autocrat of all great Russia and the owner of many states given to him by God for his faith, in order to throw that evil heretic-defrocked into his house named above, into the hell he built, and burn the nasty damned body of the criminal, which was done: he was burned in a place called the Cauldron, seven miles from the city. And by God’s will, our sovereign king wanted to see the most honorable relics of the blessed Tsarevich Dmitry Uglitsky in the God-saved city of Moscow. And the sovereign sent his pilgrims to Uglich for his honest relics: His Eminence Philaret, Metropolitan of Rostov and Yaroslavl, Theodosius, Bishop of Astrakhan and Terek, archimandrites and his boyars - Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Vorotynsky and Peter Fedorovich Sheremetev 27 with his comrades. And when his honorable relics were brought to the most honorable Lavra of the holy and life-giving Trinity and the wonderworker Sergius, the archimandrite and the priests and deacons of that honorable monastery, dressed in sacred robes, with censers and other brethren with candles, met his honorable and multi-healing relics behind the fence with joyful tears and sang worthy funeral psalms before them. And for some time the relics remained in the monastery, in the cathedral church of the Most Holy and Life-Giving Trinity, and were again carried to the reigning city of Moscow. When the procession reached the God-saved city of Moscow, the Moscow people, men, wives and children, also greeted the relics with joyful tears and everyone, falling to his shrine, asked for mercy. And they brought the relics into the inner city and placed them on a high place called the Execution, and here many miracles were performed for those who asked with faith: the blind received their sight, the lame began to walk freely, the hunchbacks straightened up and the deaf began to hear. And everyone, no matter what ailments he had, falls to his shrine with his relics and receives healing. And then his honest and multi-healing relics were transferred to the Church of God's Archangel Michael, where to this day we see them, and give healing to everyone who comes to them with faith. And two weeks after his naming of the kingdom 28, the Tsar and Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich of All Rus', the autocrat, was crowned with the royal crown and diadem of the month of June on the 1st day, Sunday, and sat down on his royal throne, and from the hands of Almighty God took into his right hand scepter of the Russian land. And the Lord God created threefold joy for Orthodox Christians throughout the Russian land: the first, by crushing his godless apostate, and our persecutor, the heretic Grishka Otrepiev, the second, by bestowing rain and sunny warmth for fertility, the third, more than all joys, the transfer of the honorable relics of the new martyr of the blessed Tsarevich Dmitry from the city of Uglich to the glorious great reigning city of Moscow, that criminal Grishka Otrepiev was named after him, and the Lord gave that martyr grace and the ability to give healing to those who come with faith to his cancer, a cure for all ailments, and endless health. And from these days, the collection of Russian Orthodox people, we have fun and rejoice in God’s visit and deliverance, which God has granted to all his people. Oh, God's great love for mankind! Oh, his indescribable and unknown fates! Who knows the mind of the Lord and who is his counselor? Truly no one, neither angels, nor archangels, nor rulers, nor rulers, nor thrones, nor dominions, nor heavenly powers, nor cherubim, nor formidable seraphim, but only the one glorified God in the Trinity, he himself monitors human destinies and everything creates as he wants. We, the servants of Christ, from time immemorial worship the beginningless Christ our God, glorified in the Trinity, for all this we glorify and praise the Lord Christ who created us, saying: “Glory to the only wise life-giver God, who punished us little, but had much mercy, delivered us from death and gave life. That cursed heretic and lawbreaker named above was pointing his sword to destroy all Orthodox Christianity to the end, and we could do nothing to stop him, but he himself died and became the son of destruction; Those who were with him also perished, those who loved his evil custom more than the ever-settling light of eternal life, who were not forced by torment or orders, but obeyed him of their own free will. And we all know that the monks and laymen, whom the accursed heretic tortured and put to death, died in the Orthodox Christian faith. But some of our monastic brothers still remain alive, and they now work spiritually with us in the monastery of the most holy and life-giving Trinity, and others in the monastery of the Archangel Michael of God, with the wonderworker Alexei on Chudov. And they endured such troubles and oppression and adversity, but they did not reject God’s mercy, and everyone rejoices over their suffering, glorifying and thanking God and the Most Pure Mother of God and the new passion-bearer who has shone in the Russian region, the blessed Tsarevich Dmitry. Now, all Orthodox people, we rejoice and have fun, always praising and glorifying our beginningless, eternal God, who, by his all-generous will, gave us such a pious sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich, the autocrat of all Rus', the true intercessor and shepherd of his verbal sheep, and not mercenary: and so he lays down his soul for the sheep during our sorrow and destruction, and not only did not spare his wealth, but also himself, and now preserves the true Orthodox Christian faith like the apple of his eye, and guides everyone and instructs him on the path of salvation, so that even after death everyone inherits eternal life, and does not lead us to destruction, but I will say more - it leads us away from the destructive path. And for this we praise God, who created us. Amen. And I, many sinners and disobedient to God and weak in mind, decided to write down this story, not from rumors, except about the stay of that heretic and lawbreaker Grishka in the Lithuanian land, but I saw everything that happened in the Russian state with my own eyes. And he could not remain silent about such evil, he wrote for the benefit of those reading this today and for the memory of future people in future times. And for others who are plotting evil and indulging in their evil crime, so that they humble their disposition and abandon such evil plans. The damned Grishka reigned and seized many estates in the Russian kingdom and soon became very rich, and soon died, and not even a small shirt remained of his wealth to bury his shameless body. And other ignoramuses secretly destroy their souls by following books prohibited by the holy fathers of the seven ecumenical councils; they commanded us not to read these books, for those who read them do not gain any benefit, they only plunge the ship of their soul into the abyss of sins, as the scripture says: “He who throws a stone upward will break his own head; He who kindles a fire will himself burn in it.” Marvel, O man, how the teaching about which it is said in the Divine Scripture came true: “If a man takes possession of the whole world, but loses his soul, what will he receive in return for his soul?” Do you see how this evil and cunning sorcerer gained the whole world, but lost his soul - and what kind of praise and glory he received? For endless centuries, he, with all his cunning sorceries, perished in soul and body and in shame deprived himself of this short, fleeting life. And you, shameless one, why are you doing all this, abandoning hope for the mercy of God and calling on Satan for help, not finding any help for yourself in this illness? First, understand what man is and what the end of your days is, and think about how you will appear before the righteous judge who judges regardless of persons - Christ our God? And as you prepare your way to where there is pitch darkness and an insatiable worm, try to see if in this life you can endure the heat of earthly fire? And even if you can, then you cannot endure the future unquenchable fire, this flame is such that it rises from the earth to the very heavens. The worm awaits the sinning man and the son of man, his home is hell, and his bed is darkness, and his father is death, and his mother and sister are corruption. How can you even imagine this in your mind, let alone in life retreat from the mercies of God to evil and stick to Satan and the devil, and sadden your mentor and guardian - the angel of God? And if, disobedient to God, you do not give up your evil life, indeed, I tell you, you will suffer in this and in the next century, like the damned heretic Grishka Otrepiev. And may grace and peace be with your spirit, brethren, now and ever and unto ages of ages. Amen. Comments 1. “And it became known to the national assembly.” - We are talking about the Moscow uprising on May 14, 1586. The Posad people surrounded the Kremlin, and the Shuiskys turned to the Tsar with a petition for a divorce from the childless Irina and for the conclusion of a new marriage, which could bring the state heir. In this case, it was not Boris who “plotted evil” against the “national assembly,” but the Shuiskys’ demand undermined the position of Godunov, the brother of childless Irina. Boris managed to cope with the situation by concluding a temporary agreement with Shuisky and executing the instigators of the unrest - merchants F. Nagai and a certain Golub “with his comrades”. 2. Prince Ivan Petrovich... went to his patrimony. - I. P. Shuisky left Moscow at the beginning of 1587. The reprisal against the Shuiskys was caused by their participation in the Moscow uprising of May 1586. I. P. Shuisky went into exile in the spring 1587 and November 16, 1588 was choked by smoke on Beloozero. V.I. Shuisky, the future tsar, sat out of disgrace in Galich (1586 - 1587). On May 8, 1589, A.I. Shuisky was killed. 3. Evil youths attacked the saint. - If we take the author literally, here the sovereign clerk Mikhail Bityagovsky, who served at least from 1578 - 1579, is called “youth”. and in 1591 the former was about forty years of age. Obviously, other “young men” are meant - not only the mentioned Nikita Kachalov, but also the son of the clerk Danila Bityagovsky, Osip Volokhov and Danila Tretyakov. All of them were torn to pieces by the people on May 15, 1591 on suspicion of murdering the prince. Documents, stories about the Time of Troubles, foreign observers and, following them, modern historians tell different stories about the events in Uglich. Many scientists still share the government version of Dmitry’s suicide during a fit of epilepsy (for example, the historian R.G. Skrynnikov believes so). However, a recent study by A. A. Zimin quite convincingly showed that the prince was the victim of a conspiracy, possibly directed by Godunov. 4. Seven thousand 106. - In Rus', the counting of years up to 1700 was carried out from the creation of the world, as the Byzantine chroniclers did, taking September 1, 5508 as the date of the creation of the world. before the Nativity of Christ. Consequently, the Byzantine year 7106, translated into the Julian calendar, began on September 1, 1597 and ended on August 31, 1598 5. Phocas the Tormentor - Byzantine emperor in 602 - 610. Seized power by raising a rebellion against the Emperor of Mauritius. 6. Icon of the Most Pure Mother of God, painted by the Evangelist Luke. - This is the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. According to legend, it was painted from an icon by the Evangelist Luke. In the 12th century. The icon of the Vladimir Mother of God was brought from Byzantium to Kyiv; in 1395, with the news of Timur’s approach, it was transferred from the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral to the Moscow Assumption Cathedral. Now - in the State Tretyakov Gallery. 7. A brand from the burnt Sodom and Gomorrah. - The biblical Book of Genesis describes the punishment that the Lord subjected to the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah: the inhabitants of these cities were mired in the sin of Sodom, “and the Lord rained brimstone and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah... and overthrew these cities, and all this surrounding country, and all the inhabitants of these cities, and all the growth of the earth” (Gen. 19, 24 - 25). 8. Book of Hours and Psalms of David. - Book of Hours is a book that sets out the daily church services of the hours, midnight office, matins and vespers. Psalms of David - Psalter, service book, where, along with the Psalms of David, the most commonly used prayers and rites are given. 9. Cenobitic monastery. - A monastery where the property of the brethren is socialized and all spiritual and economic issues are managed by the cathedral elders, headed by the abbot (archimandrite). 10. Barbarian sacrum. - The sacrum is a crossroads. The barbarian sacrum was located in the area of modern Razin Street, not far from the current Nogin Square. 11. Peter, Alexey and Jonah. - Russian metropolitans canonized: Peter, who took the see in 1308 and died in 1326, Alexei, who ruled the Russian church from 1348 to 1378, Jonah, installed in 1448 and reposed in 1461. 12 Paterik Pechersky. - A collection of tales about the founders of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery and its first ascetics of the 11th - 13th centuries. 13. Builder. - Here: trustee, guardian of order, abbot of the monastery. 14. Krylos (choir), - In the church this is the name for the place for singers, fenced in front of the iconostasis. 15. Grishka went to the New Seversky town. - In October 1604, the border town of Moravsk surrendered to the Pretender without a fight, and after a minor skirmish, False Dmitry was recognized by the defenders of Chernigov. The Novgorod-Seversky garrison numbered 1,100 people; in December 1604, the Moscow army came to the rescue of the besieged. The impostor was unable to overcome the resistance of Godunov’s troops and, having lifted the siege, sent his army to Sevsk. 16. Seriously wounded... Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky.- The lengthy edition of the discharge books specifies: “Slashed on the head in many places.” 17. About the second battle on Dobrynichi. - The impostor approached Dobrynichi in early January 1605 and was defeated. The author of “Another Legend” notes the merits of Moscow governors I. I. Godunov and V. I. Shuisky, however, the wounded F. I. Mstislavsky played an equally important role in the battle. The lengthy edition of the discharge books gives an eloquent explanation of the results of the battle: “11,500 people were counted.” 18. Tsar Boris was filled with rage... at the inhabitants of the Komaritsky volost. - The Komaritsky volost of the Sevsky district was a palace, that is, a possession belonging to the tsar, moreover, under Fyodor, it was transferred to the management of Boris Godunov. Consequently, for the residents of these places, Boris was both a sovereign and a gentleman. This circumstance allowed G. M. Pyasetsky to propose a witty hypothesis about the connection of the described uprising with the famous “Komarinskaya” (“Oh, you son of a bitch, Kamarinsky man, / You didn’t want to serve your master”). Boris responded to the betrayal of the Komaritsa volost with a punitive expedition, distinguished by extraordinary cruelty: in the volost there was “neither stake nor yard left,” wrote Isaac Massa, “and they hung men by their feet on trees, and then burned them; frying pans, they were also impaled on hot nails and wooden stakes, children were thrown into fire and water, and young girls were sold for next to nothing. 19. And in the city of Krona settled... ataman Grishka Korela. - S. F. Platonov wrote that “under the burnt walls” of Krom “the fate of the Godunov dynasty was decided.” The detachment of F.I. Sheremetev was besieging Kromy from the end of 1604. The main Moscow army approached the city in March 1605, but was unable to take the inner “fortress”, catastrophically lost its combat effectiveness and, having sworn allegiance to the named Tsar Fyodor Borisovich, stood up in unison three weeks later under the banner of the Pretender. 20. Drunk himself with a deadly potion. - Boris died on April 13, 1605; The news of his suicide is fully consistent with the anti-Godunov pathos of “The Tale of How to Take Revenge,” but it is hardly probable, because Boris could not help but foresee the terrible consequences that his death would have on his loved ones. And so it happened: his wife and son were killed, and his daughter, having suffered abuse from the Pretender, was tonsured and exiled. 21. Didn’t take a single weight. - All is a northern Russian word meaning a village, village. 22. Descendant of the builders of the Babylonian pillar. - According to biblical legend, the tribes of the children of the patriarch Noah met in the valley of Shinar (the place of the future Babylon) and wanted to build a tower as high as heaven in order to glorify themselves. The Lord punished them for their pride by scattering them throughout the earth and confusing their languages so that one would not understand the speech of the other (Genesis II, 1 - 9). 23. And he began to loudly... denounce him. - The described heroic behavior of Shuisky is far from the actual events: Shuisky, suspected of treason, tearfully repented at the Church Zemsky Council on June 29, 1605. , and the next day - on Pozhal (Red Square), for which he was forgiven by the Pretender. 24. A huge hell with three chapters. - We are talking about a mobile fortress on wheels, built in the winter of 1605/06 by order of False Dmitry I and installed on the ice of the Moscow River. The Dutchman Isaac Massa compiled the most detailed description of this fortress: “It... was very skillfully made and all painted; elephants were depicted on the doors, and the windows were similar to how the gates of hell are depicted, and they were supposed to spew out flames, and below there were windows like the heads of devils, where small cannons were placed... The Muscovites called it (the fortress - Comp.) a monster hell, and after the death of Demetrius, whom they called a sorcerer, they said that he locked the devil there for a while...” 25. According to Roman custom, he began to observe Saturday fasting. - The Catholic Church honors Saturday as a fast day, the Orthodox Church prescribes fasting on Wednesday and on Friday and break the fast on Saturday. 26. Relative... Grand Duke Vladimir. - Through the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich, the Shuiskys traced their family to the third son of the Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (the brother of Alexander Nevsky), and from him to Vladimir Monomakh and Prince Vladimir of Kyiv. 27. And the sovereign sent to Uglich... Pyotr Fedorovich Sheremetev. - error: Sheremetev's name was Pyotr Nikitich. 28. Two weeks after his naming to the kingdom. - Vasily Shuisky was named to the kingdom on May 19, 1606 (translated by A. I. Pliguzov) The text is given from the publication: Troubles in the Moscow State. Russia in the 17th century in the notes of contemporaries. M. Contemporary. 1989 © text - Pliguzov A. I. 1989 © network version - Thietmar. 2004 © OCR - Murdasov A. 2004 © design - Voitekhovich A. 2001 © Contemporary. 1989

Deacon, author of the famous "Vremennik" about the events of the Time of Troubles. According to the erroneous assumption of P. M. Stroev, he was considered for a long time the clerk of the Novgorod Metropolitan, but prof. S. F. Platonov, based on new research, establishes... ...

Chronograph Russian- - a chronographic compilation outlining world and Russian history and known in several editions created during the 16th–17th centuries. The author of the first fundamental research, X. R. A. N. Popov, believed that the first (ancient) of his... ...

Platonov (Sergei Fedorovich) historian. Born 1860; After completing a course at the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University, he taught Russian history at the higher women’s courses in St. Petersburg, then taught history in... ... Biographical Dictionary

- (“The Book of the Verb New Chronicler”) is a monument of late Russian chronicle writing, which covers events from the end of the reign of Ivan IV to 1630. It is an important source on the history of the Time of Troubles. The work is bright... ... Wikipedia

Abraham Palitsyn, known in the world as Averky Ivanovich, is a famous figure in the Time of Troubles. Born in the middle of the 16th century, according to family legends, in the village of Protasyev (near Rostov), into a noble family; died as a monk in the Solovetsky Monastery on September 13, 1626.… … Biographical Dictionary

Ivan Andreevich Khvorostinin (d. February 28, 1625, Sergiev Posad) Russian statesman and political figure, writer. Considered the first Russian Westernizer. [by whom?] ... Wikipedia

Holy Tsarevich Martyr, son of Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible and his fifth wife, Maria Feodorovna. In the summer of 1580, Tsar John Vasilyevich celebrated his fifth wedding. The sovereign married without church permission, but the wedding was ruled according to the old days; in my father's... Large biographical encyclopedia

- (nicknamed Kharya) spiritual writer of the first half of the 17th century, remarkable for the abundance and variety of his works. Professor Platonov, who studied the works of the book in detail and carefully. Shakhovsky, says that he was distinguished by great... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

Life of Sergius of Radonezh- – a hagiographic monument dedicated to the famous church and political figure of Rus' in the second half of the 14th century. Sergius of Radonezh (in the world - Bartholomew Kirillovich; born around 1321/1322 - died September 25, 1391/1392), creator and... ... Dictionary of scribes and bookishness of Ancient Rus'

Job, patriarch- Job (in the world Ivan) (d. 19 VI 1607) – patriarch, author of “The Tale of the Life of Tsar Theodore Ioannovich”, messages, letters and speeches. Born into a townsman family in Staritsa. He studied literacy at the Staritsky Assumption Monastery. Here, from my teacher... ... Dictionary of scribes and bookishness of Ancient Rus'

Boltin Baim (Sidor) Fedorovich, a service man of the 17th century, an Arzamas landowner, from the provincial noble family of the Boltins. Discharge notes about his services in the military, diplomatic and administrative fields, having the nature of a chronicle... ... Biographical Dictionary