The history of the capital's cemeteries has hundreds of secrets and legends. Reburials in which the heads of the dead, encrypted inscriptions on monuments, Scandinavian marks and bulletproof caps for tombstones disappeared...
The online publication m24.ru is launching a new project, within which you will learn about the history, legends and current state of the capital's cemeteries. In the first material we will talk about the Novodevichy cemetery, where 57 tombstones of famous figures of art, science and technology were recently restored.
Gogol and Chekhov, Stanislavsky and Vakhtangov, Shostakovich and Prokofiev found their final refuge at the Novodevichy cemetery. Yeltsin, Khrushchev, Stalin's wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva and even the head of the Chinese Communist Party Wang Ming are buried here.
Burials on the territory of the Novodevichy Convent appeared in the 16th century. By the beginning of the 20th century, there was practically no free space left in the monastery necropolis, and graves began to appear along the southern wall of the monastery.
The territory of the Novodevichy cemetery has been expanded several times. The total area of all sites is now more than 7.5 hectares. About 26 thousand people are buried in the cemetery, the territory of which is divided into old, new and new. On the monastery territory, the burials of mainly Decembrists and heroes of the War of 1812, as well as famous professors and public figures, survived.
Chekhov's mark
The body of Anton Chekhov, who died in Germany from tuberculosis, was transported to Moscow in a carriage designed for transporting oysters. The writer is buried next to the grave of his own father. At the foot of the monument, a Scandinavian mark has been preserved - an ancient graphic image of a Christian cross.
Stone "Golgotha"
The tombstone on the grave of Mikhail Bulgakov is the “Golgotha” stone (it was named so due to its shape resembling the mountain where Jesus Christ was crucified) from the former burial place of Nikolai Gogol in the Danilov Monastery. This spongy Black Sea granite, according to legend, was brought by Konstantin Aksakov from Crimea. Bulgakov's widow Elena Sergeevna discovered "Calvary", according to one version, in the workshops of the Novodevichy cemetery, according to another - in a pit where craftsmen dumped production waste.
Since Bulgakov considered Gogol his teacher and even sought inspiration from his monument in Moscow, there was no doubt about the fate of the stone: it was bought and installed on the grave of the author of “The Master and Margarita.”
Photo: m24.ru/Alexander Avilov
Four notes
The tombstone of composer Dmitry Shostakovich depicts four notes: D, E-flat, C and B. If you write them in Latin notation, you get DSCH - the composer's initials. The theme of these four notes is considered his calling card.
Photo: m24.ru/Alexander Avilov
Buried twice
It is believed that Maria Ermolova has two graves. Initially, the actress was buried on the territory of the temple in the former village of Vladykino. Shortly before the war, Ermolova’s ashes were transferred to the Novodevichy cemetery, but no documents confirming this were preserved.
Photo: m24.ru/Alexander Avilov
Posthumous dialogue
The author of "The Worker and the Collective Farm Woman" Vera Mukhina and her husband, the surgeon Zamkov, are buried in the old territory of the cemetery. On the monument to Zamkov there is an inscription: “I gave everything to people,” and on the monument to Mukhina, who died 11 years after the death of her husband, “...And me too.”
Photo: m24.ru/Alexander Avilov
By the way, Mukhina considered her best creation not “Worker and Collective Farm Woman,” but a memorial sculpture in the form of a dying swan, made for the grave of an opera singer Leonida Sobinov. He is also buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Photo: m24.ru/Alexander Avilov
Chinese communist leader
Novodevichy Cemetery is one of the most popular attractions among Chinese tourists. This is because one of the former leaders of the Communist Party of China, Wang Ming, who fell into disgrace after the formation of the People's Republic of China and spent the last years of his life in the USSR, is buried here.
Photo: m24.ru/Alexander Avilov
Gogol without a head
During the reburial of Nikolai Gogol, who was originally buried in the Danilov Monastery, experts discovered that the skull of the author of Dead Souls was missing. In addition, the writer's head and body were turned to one side. After this, rumors spread that Gogol was buried alive during a lethargic sleep.
Photo: m24.ru/Alexander Avilov
Galina Ulanova
Galina Ulanova gave people the impression of an unprotected and touchingly weak woman, but she had an extremely persistent character. The fragile figure of the great ballerina, carved on rough white stone, reflects this contrast.
Yury Nikulin
Yuri Nikulin is depicted on the monument at the age of just over 40 - the way his fans remembered and loved him. The composition of the monument depicts Nikulin’s favorite dog, a Giant Schnauzer dog, which the artist brought from abroad.
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Yeltsin was buried in the central alley of the Novodevichy cemetery. The grave of the first Russian president is located so that it is not adjacent to other graves.
Konstantin Stanislavsky
The monument to Konstantin Stanislavsky was created by the famous sculptor Salavat Shcherbakov. The tombstone is a monument with a snow-white cross, under which the legendary Moscow Art Theater "Seagull" and flowing curtains are depicted.
Evgeny Vakhtangov
Evgeny Vakhtangov died of stomach cancer at the age of 39. An abstract figure in a cloak without a face under the hood - this is how sculptor Oleg Komov presented the famous theater figure.
Nadezhda Alliluyeva
In the mid-70s, vandals threw a monument to Stalin's wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva from its pedestal, after which two cast-iron roses disappeared from it. The nose of the monument itself was broken off. After restoration, the bust was placed in a plastic cube, the “bulletproofness” of which was legendary.
Vladimir Mayakovsky
Initially, the ashes of Vladimir Mayakovsky, who died under mysterious circumstances, were located in the columbarium of the New Donskoye Cemetery. Later, as a result of the persistent actions of Lily Brik and the poet’s elder sister Lyudmila, the urn with Mayakovsky’s ashes was moved and buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Vasily Shukshin
The sculptors made the monument to Vasily Shukshin in the form of a cube and an arrow without a tip passing through it - a symbol of a life cut short. At first they wanted to bury the writer and film director in his homeland in Siberia, but a whole galaxy of famous people insisted that Shukshin’s body should rest in the Novodevichy cemetery.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya
The ashes of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya were transferred to the Novodevichy cemetery in May 1942. The current monument, in contrast to its ideologically consistent Soviet “predecessor,” reflects the tragic fate of the first female hero of the Soviet Union during the war years and the pain that she had to endure.
Vladimir Vernadsky
Initially, it was planned to use his quote as an epitaph for the monument to academician Vladimir Vernadsky: “There is nothing stronger in the world than free scientific thought.” However, this statement did not receive the approval of Soviet censorship and was replaced with a more “politically correct” one.
Yuri Levitan
During the Great Patriotic War, Yuri Levitan voiced about 2 thousand Sovinformburo reports and over 120 emergency messages. On the monument, the main announcer of the USSR is depicted speaking, next to him is his constant companion - a microphone.
Vyacheslav Tikhonov
The long-awaited monument to Vyacheslav Tikhonov was opened accompanied by melody from the film “Seventeen Moments of Spring”. The bronze figure of “Stirlitz,” cast in Italy, rises against the background of a bas-relief based on the gospel story “The Adoration of the Magi.”
Andrey Tupolev
It is easy to recognize the monument to the outstanding Soviet aircraft designer Andrei Tupolev. It depicts the engineer's life's work - an airplane and three stars of the Hero of Socialist Labor. The machines created by Tupolev set 78 world records and carried out about 30 outstanding flights.
Raisa Gorbacheva
Mikhail Gorbachev insisted that his wife be buried on the site of the former flower garden opposite the columbarium. They say that at first the relatives of those buried in the wall were against the destruction of the flowerbed, but after seeing the work of the architect Friedrich Soghoyan, who depicted the “first lady” of the USSR as young and sad, they agreed.
Vagankovskoe cemetery is one of the largest in Moscow. It was built in 1771 by order of Count Orlov.
This happened at a time when the plague was raging in the Russian Empire. The territory of the Vagankovsky cemetery was allocated for the burial of those who were killed by this disease.
It was only in the 19th century that prominent personalities began to be buried in the cemetery - about 100 thousand burials reflect the history of our state.
Participants of the Battle of Borodino, victims of Stalin's repressions, participants of the Second World War (1941-1942), children who died in the terrorist attack on Dubrovka, various famous personalities are buried in the cemetery - in total more than 500 thousand Muscovites, while only 100 thousand of all burials have been preserved .
Where is the Vagankovskoe cemetery in Moscow?
The facility is located at the address: Sergeya Makeev Street, building 15.
The area of the cemetery is almost 48 hectares. This article will serve as a kind of guide between the sites where the graves of famous people are located.
Diagram showing graves
The Vagankovskoe cemetery is very extensive, without any plan or diagram, it is impossible to get your bearings. The diagram presented in the photo shows the location of 60 burial sites, each of which has its own number.
Two mass graves and an Orthodox Church are indicated. The paths between the sections also have their own names. Also, opposite the Vagankovsky cemetery, there is the Armenian cemetery, which is its branch.
Where can I get a complete list of burials?
A complete list of burials can be found at the cemetery administration or on special. resources. For example, here https://nekropole.info/ru/person/list?cemetery_id=3433 provides a list of all persons buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow.
Another interesting resource offers an interactive map http://vagankovo.net/interaktivnaya-karta/. By clicking on any plot number, you follow the link and open a list of people buried here.
Which celebrities are buried
At the Vagankovsky cemetery there are excursions for those interested, during which tourists will see the graves of famous personalities of our country - poets Bulat Okudzhava, Vladimir Vysotsky, Sergei Yesenin, artist Alexei Savrasov, actors Alexander Abdulov, Andrei Mironov, TV presenters Vladimir Voroshilov and Vladislav Listyev, and many others .
Grave of Vladimir Vysotsky
Vladimir Semyonovich was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in 1980. His grave is located next to the entrance to the cemetery, on the right side.
Its site, number 1, still remains one of the most visited. His mother, Nina Maksimovna Vysotskaya, is buried next to Vysotsky.
The grave of Alexander Abdulov
A. A. Abdulov was born on May 29, 1953. The artist died on January 3, 2008. A few months before his death, he was diagnosed with lung cancer.
Alexander Gavrilovich was a famous theater and film actor. Worked at the Lenkom Theater. We have lost count of the number of films in which Abdulov has starred. The quantity varies from 100 to 150 paintings. He was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in plot number 2.
Grave of Georgy Vitsin
G. M. Vitsin was born on April 5, 1917. Due to chronic liver and heart diseases, Vitsin passed away on October 22, 2001. Georgy Mikhailovich was a theater and film actor. He worked at the Ermolova Theater. Was involved in more than 300 works.
People know him from such films as “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Gentlemen of Fortune”. Unfortunately, in the last years of his life his work was no longer in demand. He was buried on October 25, 2001 at the Vagankovskoye cemetery on plot 12A.
Igor Talkov's grave
I.V. Talkov was born on November 4, 1956. He was a singer, actor, poet. Took part in 18 projects. During a concert at the Yubileiny Sports Complex in St. Petersburg, Talkov was shot. It was as if he had a presentiment of his death and knew how he would be killed.
He said that they would shoot at him in front of a large number of people, but the shooter would never be found. And so it happened. The killer of Igor Vladimirovich hid in Israel for a long time. The singer’s funeral took place on October 9; he was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery, plot number 25.
Sergei Yesenin's grave
How to find the grave of a famous poet? In order for everyone to honor the memory of Sergei Yesenin, guide signs have been installed at the Vagankovskoye cemetery near the entrance. Near the poet’s grave is the grave of Galina Benislavskaya, a girl in love with the poet.
S. A. Yesenin was born on September 21, 1895. On December 28, 1925, Yesenin was found hanged in his room at the Angeleter Hotel in St. Petersburg. He was an outstanding poet of the Silver Age. His poems have always been in demand and loved. His poems are still read and taught in schools.
The grave of Sergei Alexandrovich is the most visited at the Vagankovskoye cemetery. There are always fresh flowers on it. Yesenin's grave is constantly visited by fans of his work.
Grave of Vladislav Listyev
V. N. Listyev was born on May 10, 1956. He was a TV presenter and TV journalist. He was also the first general director of ORT. Before that, he was the host of numerous popular TV shows, such as “Field of Miracles,” “Guess the Melody,” and “Rush Hour.”
On March 1, 1995, Listyev was shot dead in the front door of his house. He served as director of ORT for a little over a month. The investigation into Listyev's murder is still ongoing. His grave and tombstone are located on plot number 1.
Grave of Vyacheslav Ivankov (Yaponchik)
V.K. Ivankov was born on January 2, 1940. He was a crime boss and thief in law. He created his own criminal group. Groups, under the guise of a police search, entered the apartments of those who, in their opinion, earned money through unclean labor. Some were taken to the forest and tortured. Gangs operated throughout the USSR.
On July 28, 2009, Yaponchik was attacked. He received several gunshot wounds and was taken to the hospital, where he was put into an induced coma. From September 13 to 14, Ivankov experienced clinical death, and on October 9 he died in the oncology center from peritonitis.
The grave of Yaponchik arouses great interest, so excursions to it are occasionally conducted. Vyacheslav Ivankov is buried in plot number 55.
Grave of Andrei Mironov
A. A. Mironov was born on March 7, 1941. He was an Honored Artist of the RSFSR. Was involved in more than 80 projects. His work is admired to this day. He gave all of himself to the theater. As they say, he spent his entire life on stage. Death also found him on stage.
At the play “The Marriage of Figaro,” where he played the main role, he suffered a cerebral hemorrhage. Later, the actor was diagnosed with a congenital aneurysm. Andrei Aleksandrovich Mironov is buried in plot number 40.
Conclusion
The most famous attraction of the Vagankovskoe cemetery is the Church of the Resurrection of the Word, built in the period 1819 - 1831. Previously, there was a small wooden church in the cemetery (1773), on the site of which there is currently a rotunda.
In the existing stone church, divine services are regularly held, memorial services are held, a lot of missionary and educational work is carried out, and a Sunday school for children operates.
All information, schedule, opening hours, news and much more can be seen on the official website http://vagankovo.net/.
The Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow is no less famous than the Kremlin; it is a burial place for the dead. The territory of land of seven and a half hectares is the whole history of the Russian people.
History of origin
The Novodevichy cemetery arose next to the monastery of the same name in 1898, which is located on the peninsula in Luzhniki. The monastery was founded by Prince Vasily III and dedicated to the liberation of Smolensk from the Lithuanian invasion.
There are several versions of the origin of the name of the monastery. According to one of them, it came from the field on which it is located. Once upon a time, the Tatars selected Russian girls for themselves. Another version connects the name of the monastery with its first nun, Elena Devochkina.
One way or another, this place has a rich history: the monastery burned down more than once, moved from hand to hand, was used as a laundry, a gym, and a kindergarten.
A cemetery was founded next to the monastery for the rest of the nuns. One of the first to be buried here was the author of the Novodevichy Convent, N. E. Efimov.
For a long period there were few burials in this place. However, over time, the Novodevichy cemetery became one of the most expensive and elite burial places. The graves of celebrities of national and cultural-historical levels are there at every step.
Who was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery?
People from high circles found their last refuge under the Novodevichy Convent. These were statesmen - military leaders and ministers, artists and sculptors, poets and writers, academicians and scientists. The individuals buried at Novodevichy Cemetery are known to many. These are (poetess), V. Bryusov (playwright), A. Chekhov and N. Chukovsky (writers), artists and sculptors A. Bubnov, N. Zhukov, V. Svarog, V. Shestakov. There are many relatives of famous politicians here - the wives of Stalin, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, Dzerzhinsky.
There were no cheap, let alone free, places at the Novodevichy cemetery. It was and remains one of the richest and most comfortable burial places. In this regard, the graves were repeatedly subjected to abuse and vandalism. After the revolution, in 1917-1920, most of the tombstones, crosses, sculptures and fences were destroyed or taken away.
History of Russia in burials
After the October Revolution, it was decided to make the Novodevichy cemetery a burial place for “persons of social standing.” In 1930, the graves of N.V. Gogol, D.V. Venevitinov, S.T. Aksakov, I.I. Levitan, M.N. Ermolova and other public figures were moved to the Novodevichy Cemetery. Celebrity graves take center stage here.
Geographically, the churchyard consists of three parts: the old cemetery (1-4th sections), the new (5-8th) and the newest cemetery (9-11th). During its history, it was expanded three times. About 26,000 people are buried in the necropolis.
Many historical figures are buried on the old site. Among them are M. Bulgakov and his wife, A. N. Tolstoy, V. V. Mayakovsky, I. A. Ilf, S. Ya. Marshak, V. M. Shukshin, V. I. Vernadsky, P. P. Kashchenko, A.I. Abrikosov, I.M. Sechenov, L.M. Kaganovich, V.M. Molotov, V.S. Chernomyrdin, N.S. Alliluyeva (Stalin’s second wife) and many others.
The "new" territory of the cemetery is a columbarium for urns with ashes, which contains about 7,000 urns. There are the ashes of writers A. Tvardovsky and S. Mikhalkov, aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev, and the grave of the great actor of all times - Yuri Nikulin. Politicians B. Yeltsin and N. Khrushchev rest in these places.
The “newest” site is the burials of Russian cultural figures, including E. Leonov, L. Gurchenko, M. Ulyanov, N. Kryuchkov, S. Bondarchuk, A. Schnittke and hundreds of other people.
Novodevichy Cemetery - a tourism destination
The Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow is one of the ten most beautiful and unique burial grounds in the world. It is a cultural and memorial property of Russia, and is also included in the UNESCO heritage list.
It is not surprising that this burial place is on the list of many travel companies in Moscow. Indeed, in addition to the graves of celebrities, the Novodevichy cemetery is filled with works of famous sculptors and architects. The tombstones of the Novodevichy Cemetery were made by such creators as M. Anikushin, E. Vuchetich, S. Konenkov, V. Mukhina, N. Tomsky, G. Schultz. The works were made in the New Russian style; neoclassicism and modernism were also used.
Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow: secrets and mysticism
The land of the Novodevichy cemetery has absorbed a lot of human tears and grief throughout its history. And although it may sound paradoxical, the churchyard gave healing and hope to many women. Perhaps this is all because his fate, like the fate of the monastery, was largely determined by the feminine principle. Here lie many female individuals who were deeply unhappy during their lifetime. They loved and suffered, believed and hoped, but did not find happiness. Now the “sufferers” are in a better world, and their energy is capable of healing and healing. She helps to find female happiness - to meet your destiny, get married, give birth to a long-awaited child...
More than one eyewitness claims that strange silhouettes and shadows were seen during walks around the burial sites. Perhaps this is Abbess Devochkina, who has been protecting these lands for centuries. Maybe it’s Stalin mourning at his wife’s grave. Or maybe Gogol is looking for those who violated his grave? They say that when the writer was reburied, his body lay on its side and without a head. According to one version, the head was stolen by an unknown collector.
The most visited monument at the Novodevichy Cemetery
Many famous people are buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. However, not all tourists are attracted to such gloomy places. This churchyard is an exception. There are hundreds of people who want to visit the burial places of great cultural and political figures.
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There are cemeteries in Russia that are almost impossible for ordinary people to get to. Only those who have certain services to the Fatherland deserve burial there. One of the most famous is the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. Here are the graves of politicians, actors, poets, show business stars, as well as other celebrities.
Death is an unpleasant event in people's lives that can come both unexpectedly and expectedly. Be that as it may, every deceased person must undergo a funeral ceremony. Which method to choose is the decision of loved ones or the last will of the deceased. Currently there are 2 most common types:
- burial in the ground
- cremation.
Regardless of which method is chosen, you should worry about the burial place. And here some difficulties may arise.
If in small villages and towns there are no problems with space in cemeteries, then in big cities it is a real disaster. Not only is it difficult to choose what you want, but also the prices are quite high. In addition, due to the large number of deaths, some cemeteries are closed, and they do not particularly care about opening new ones.
In addition, there is a tendency to move such funeral areas outside the city. Getting to such places is not that convenient, but that doesn't really interest anyone. That is why many people make one grave.
Moscow Novodevichy Cemetery
It is considered one of the most famous cemeteries in Moscow. The year of its foundation is considered to be 1898, near the walls of the Novodevichy Convent. The first burials were made here in the 16th century. These were the nuns of the monastery. Later they began to bury the other deceased.
Since over time the territory was almost filled, they decided to allocate another plot of land for expansion. The official opening took place in 1904. Now the old part is called the Old Novodevichy Cemetery, and the modern part is called the New Novodevichy Cemetery.
Nowadays it is also called the necropolis. According to some sources, about 26,000 people are buried here, and the territory reaches 8 hectares of land.
How to get to Novodevichy Cemetery
Its location address: Luzhnetsky passage, 2. You can get there at:
- metro,
- bus,
- trolleybus.
If you choose the metro, you should get off at Sportivnaya station. Turn right and walk along 10th Anniversary of October Street. You will see a monastery. turn left and walk along the wall to the cemetery gate. You can also get there by buses number 64, 132 or trolleybus 5.15.
Opening hours
The opening hours of the Novodevichy Cemetery for visitors are as follows: from Monday to Sunday from 10.00 to 17.00.
Who is buried at Novodevichy Cemetery
Some historical documents say that here lie the remains of the daughter of Ivan the Terrible, the daughters of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the sister of Peter 1 and Tsarina Sophia, the wife of Peter 1. Also in the 19th century, wealthy merchants, political and public figures, scientists, writers, and musicians began to be buried here .
In 1922, the cemetery was given the status of a museum and taken under state protection. Over the course of 8 years, a park with alleys was laid out on the territory of the necropolis. With this improvement of the territory, a large number of ancient graves were destroyed, and many were damaged.
As already mentioned, from the 19th century, burials of famous people began to take place on the territory. The entire territory is divided into 4 sectors. But areas 5 to 8 began to be used only in the 20th century. Also on the territory of the New Novodevichy Cemetery, a columbarium was built, where urns with the ashes of the dead are buried. At this time, there are about 7,000 urns. The most famous is Yeltsin’s grave at the Novodevichy cemetery.
But already in the 80s, the newest territory of the cemetery appeared. Previously, there was a stone-masonry workshop in its place.
As already mentioned, this burial place is not intended for mere mortals. Mostly those who have certain merits are buried here. Among them are a large number of pop stars, poets, actors, politicians and other celebrities. Separately, for a long time we can talk about the monuments at the Novodevichy cemetery. Some of them are architectural masterpieces. Among them there are full-length sculptures and quite extraordinary monumental compositions.
This cemetery contains the burials of the following famous people:
- political figures: B. Yeltsin, N.S. Khrushchev, R.M. Gorbachev, A.I. Lebed;
- writers: I.A.Ilf, M.A.Bulgakov, A.N.Tolstoy, S.Ya.Marshak, V.M.Shukshin;
- actors: O.I. Yankovsky, L.P. Orlov, Y. Nikulin, E. Leonov, R. Bykov, A. Papanov, I. Smoktunovsky, V. Tikhonov;
- singers: M. Bernes, L. Ruslanova, A. Vertinsky;
- announcer - Yuri Levitan;
- aircraft designer - A.N. Tupolev;
- pilot-cosmonauts - G. Titov and G. Beregovoi;
- directors - S. Bondarchuk, S. Gerasimov.
Among such famous people, the person Ilya Glazunov stands out. He was a People's Artist of the USSR. After he died on July 9, it was decided to hold the funeral of Ilya Glazunov at the Novodevichy cemetery next to the grave of Vladimir Zeldin.
The graves of celebrities at the Novodevichy Cemetery are located throughout the territory. After all, their location depends on the time of their death. Many people want to see their tombstones and therefore come to the cemetery. And demand, as we know, creates supply. They began to conduct excursions on the territory of the cemetery for everyone who wants to see all the graves and not have to look for them among others.
Since the territory of the cemetery is no longer increasing, and accordingly there are no more places available for this, it was decided that the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery in Mytishchi or Troekurovskoye could become the further resting place of the first persons of the state. An application for such a decision was announced back in 2007 by the head of the presidential affairs, Vladimir Kozhin, after the death of Mstislav Rostropovich. But nevertheless, burials are still carried out.
Currently, this cemetery is a place of frequent visits by tourists. Many tombstones were made by famous sculptors. Also, a large number of urns with ashes and graves are classified as cultural heritage monuments of regional and federal significance.
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