Basic rules for formatting quotations:
The quotation must match the text of the work.
Punctuation marks in the quotation must be reproduced accurately. If you don’t have the text of the work at hand (university exam), then you should arrange the signs in accordance with the rules of punctuation.
If you do not quote all the words of a passage, then an ellipsis is placed where the words are missing. In this case, it is necessary to check whether the meaning of the quote is distorted.
Options for including a quote in the text of an essay can be different:
“I know only two real misfortunes in life: remorse and illness,” says Prince Andrei to Pierre.
“Prince Andrei tells Pierre that he knows in life “only two real misfortunes: remorse and illness.”
In this case, direct speech should be converted into indirect speech, and the quoted text should be written with a lowercase letter.
Punctuation in prose quotes coincides with punctuation in direct speech.
After a colon, a quotation that is not written from the beginning is preceded by an ellipsis, for example:
Raskolnikov himself says to Luzhin regarding his reasoning: “... bring to the consequences what you preached just now, and it will turn out that people can be slaughtered...”
You cannot retell a poetic text in your own words (Pushkin writes that he loves Peter’s creation).
Poetic text can be quoted in two ways:
1) Observing the graphic appearance of the stanza, for example:
“Wonderful picture...” A. Fet - winter landscape. This poem conveys the poet’s feelings caused by the contemplation of beautiful nature:
Wonderful picture
How dear you are to me:
White plain,
Full moon...
In this case, the text is given without quotation marks.
2) One or two lines can be quoted “in line”, for example:
“Wonderful painting” by A. Fet - winter landscape. This poem conveys the poet’s feelings caused by the contemplation of beautiful nature:
“Wonderful picture, // How dear you are to me...”
In this case, quotation marks are required.
If the work is about one author or one poetic work, the name of the author and the title of the poem are not indicated after the quotation. There is no need to indicate the name of the poet in the case when it precedes the quotation or is named after it, for example:
A. Fet writes:
Wonderful picture
How dear you are to me:
White plain,
Full moon...
If the works of different poets are quoted, the name of the author should be placed in parentheses after the quotation, for example:
Both poems depict a winter landscape:
Wonderful picture
How dear you are to me:
White plain,
Full moon...
(A. Fet)
The clouds are rushing
The clouds are swirling;
Invisible moon
The flying snow illuminates;
The sky is cloudy, the night is cloudy...
(A. Pushkin)
The same design rules apply when we are talking about different poems by the same author. The titles of the verses are given below the quotation in parentheses and in quotation marks, for example:
Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets,
Glistening in the sun, the snow lies...
("Winter morning")
The clouds are rushing
the clouds are swirling;
Invisible moon
The flying snow illuminates;
The sky is cloudy, the night is cloudy...
("Demons")
The epigraph is written on the right side of the sheet without quotation marks. The author's surname and initials are not placed in brackets, and there is no period after them.
Quotation marks
Quotes consist in quotes. If quote formatted as direct speech, that is, accompanied by the words of the author presenting it, then the appropriate punctuation rules are applied:
Belinsky wrote: “Nature creates man, but society develops and forms him.”
“Twelve million people are outlaws!.. Horror!..” - Herzen wrote in his diary, referring to the serfs in Russia at that time.
“Therefore, in order to understand the history of art and literature of one or another country,” points out G.V. Plekhanov, “it is necessary to study the history of the changes that have occurred in the situation of its inhabitants.”
The speaker cited the words of Gorky: “Every individuality is the result of a social grouping” - and with this he ended his speech.
If after a poetic quotes the text continues, then a dash is placed at the end of the poetic line: Tatyana's husband, so beautifully and so completely described from head to toe by the poet with these two verses:
...And above everyone else
And he raised his nose and shoulders
The general who came in with her -
Tatyana's husband introduces Onegin to her as his relative and friend(comma and dash are placed before words Tatiana's husband, which are repeated in order to connect the second part of the author’s words with the first part).
If quote consists of several paragraphs, then quotes are placed only at the beginning and at the end of the entire text: In the article “From the history of Russian literature” A.M. Gorky wrote: “What makes literature strong?
Saturating ideas with flesh and blood, it gives them greater clarity, greater persuasiveness than philosophy or science.
Being more readable and, due to its liveliness, convincing than philosophy, literature is also the most widespread, convenient, simple and victorious way of promoting class tendencies.”
Often, to more clearly indicate boundaries quotes, especially if there are inside it quotes, used as an additional special printing method of highlighting quotes(typesetting to a smaller format, typing in a font of a different size, and so on).
If, leading quote, the author emphasizes individual words in it (such places are highlighted in a special font), then this is specified in a note enclosed in parentheses, indicating the author’s initials, preceded by a dot and a dash: (underlined by us. - A.B.), (italics ours. - A.B.), (discharge ours. - A.B.). Such a note is placed either immediately after the corresponding place in quote, or at the end of a sentence or quotes in general, or as a footnote (in the latter case, the note is placed without parentheses).
If the author or editor inserts into quote your text explaining the sentence or individual words of the quotation, then this text is placed in direct or new brackets: S.N. Shchukin wrote in his memoirs about A.P. Chekhov: “To become a real writer,” he taught<Чехов>, - you need to devote yourself exclusively to this matter. Amateurism here, as elsewhere, will not allow you to go far.”
Ellipsis when quoting
If quote is not given in full, then the omission is indicated by an ellipsis, which is placed:
before quote(after the opening quotation marks), syntactically unrelated to the author's text, to indicate that quote is not given from the beginning of the sentence: L.N. Tolstoy wrote: “... in art, simplicity, brevity and clarity are the highest perfection of the art form, which is achieved only with great talent and great work”;
in the middle quotes when part of the text inside it is missing: Speaking about the merits of the language of folk poetry, A.A. Fadeev recalled: “It is no coincidence that our Russian classics... recommended reading fairy tales, listening to folk speech, studying proverbs, reading writers who possess all the richness of Russian speech”;
after quotes(before closing in quotation marks), when the quoted sentence is not fully quoted: Speaking in defense of the culture of oral speech, Chekhov wrote: “In essence, for an intelligent person, speaking poorly should be considered the same indecency as not being able to read and write...”
After quotes ending with an ellipsis, a period is put if the quotation is not an independent sentence: M.V. Lomonosov wrote that “the beauty, splendor, strength and richness of the Russian language are abundantly clear from books written in past centuries...”.
Uppercase and lowercase letters in quotes
If quote is syntactically related to the author's text, forming a subordinate clause, then the first word of the quotation is written, as a rule, with a lowercase letter: Speaking about Pushkin’s poetry, N.A. Dobrolyubov wrote that “in his poems, living Russian speech was revealed to us for the first time, the real Russian world was revealed to us for the first time.”
The first word is written with a lowercase letter quotes and in the case when it, being syntactically unrelated to the previous author’s words, is not given from the beginning of the sentence, that is, it has an ellipsis in front of it: DI. Pisarev pointed out: “...the beauty of language lies solely in its clarity and expressiveness, that is, exclusively in those qualities that accelerate and facilitate the transition of thought from the writer’s head to the reader’s head.”
If quote precedes the author’s words, then the first word in it is written with a capital letter and in the case when it is not given from the beginning of the sentence, that is, in the quoted text this word is written with a lowercase letter: “...The language of every people, whose mental life has reached a high development, is flexible, rich and, despite all its imperfections, beautiful,” wrote N.G. Chernyshevsky.
quotes immediately follows it, it is enclosed in parentheses, with the period after the quotation omitted and placed after the closing parenthesis: “The significance of Belinsky in the history of Russian social thought is enormous” (Lunacharsky).
The title of the work is separated from the author's surname by a dot and is not contained in quotes, and the output data is separated by a dot: “You must be able to use words that would most accurately and most subtly express the thoughts that concern the artist” (Fadeev A.A. Literature and Life. M., 1939. P. 155).
The first word of the source indication quotes in this case it is written with a lowercase letter, if it is not a proper name: The approach of a thunderstorm is artistically described as follows: “Between the distance and the right horizon, lightning flashed, and so brightly that it illuminated part of the steppe and the place where the clear sky bordered on blackness. The terrible cloud was approaching slowly, in a continuous mass; large black rags hung on its edge; Exactly the same rags, crushing each other, piled up on the right and left horizons” (from the story “The Steppe” by A.P. Chekhov). (see translation agency)
If the author or source is indicated quotes is not directly after it, but is placed below, then a period is placed after the quotation.
How can you not love your native Moscow?
Baratynsky
Welcome to the blog! The main topic for today is quotes and anti-plagiarism. He sees borrowed words, which may not have a very good effect on uniqueness. If the text is completely original, then usually everything is fine.
I first thought about how to make citations for anti-plagiarism in accordance with the current rules when I was studying at a university. At that time, I found a lot of interesting information on this matter, but in practice it was not particularly useful to me then. Why? The fact is that non-unique fragments were still found. I thought for a long time why this was happening and came to a seemingly obvious conclusion.
Anti-plagiarism simply sees whether a section of text is borrowed or not. That's all.
However, there are methods of text analysis that are carried out taking into account the exclusion of primary sources. I'll tell you about this too.
Similar situation.
As you can see, citation sources can be excluded during verification. However, it is worth understanding that the reproduction of someone else’s thought or text will one way or another constitute borrowing and must be properly formalized.
Conclusion
You need to understand that each uniqueness analysis service has its own characteristics. Therefore, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the capabilities of each in the official certificate.
I have not come across any universal way to make citations for anti-plagiarists so that they do not see the copied text fragments at all. Although at one time I searched long and hard for the answer to this question.
If you think about it, the main goal of anti-plagiarism is to find borrowed text sections. And how can he not see them? This will be contrary to its main function. Excluding primary sources is, of course, great, but anti-plagiarism still sees them, as noted in the examples above.
This concludes the article. Do you have useful information that can complement it and help other readers find answers to their questions? It would be great if you share your knowledge in the comments.
Also, right now you have the opportunity to familiarize yourself with the various intricacies of working and earning good income on the Internet. To do this, just look at the current publications on this blog. Want to know more? Stay in touch. Subscribe. I will publish new information regularly. See you later.
Rules citing techniques very simple:
1. The text of the quotation must exactly correspond to the source from which it was taken. Only minor changes can be made to it.
First tolerance from the original - it is allowed to modernize spelling and punctuation using modern rules. Thus, it is customary to translate quotes from pre-revolutionary publications into modern spelling and punctuation. The difficulty of such a translation is that one must be able to separate the features of the old-time spelling and punctuation system from the individual features of the spelling and punctuation of the author of the quoted text (the latter cannot be leveled out and cannot be destroyed). When it comes to yats, the hard sign at the end of nouns, the question is clear. But here it is necessary to distinguish an intonation, author's comma from a comma placed according to outdated punctuation rules that were only previously accepted. Here you really need to study the rules of that time, study the specific individual features of the author’s punctuation and make decisions on this basis. It is impossible to touch upon the forms characteristic of the era.
It is advisable to modernize spelling and punctuation also in quotations from post-revolutionary publications, which is not always accepted. If, when quoting from pre-revolutionary publications, spelling and punctuation are modernized mainly so that the quotation is easier to read, then when quoting post-revolutionary publications - in order not to have a destructive influence on the literacy of the reader with unestablished spelling and punctuation skills, not to confuse him, to consolidate today's norms. If the word Western European changed its spelling several times after the revolution from hyphenated to continuous, then, of course, there will be little benefit if this discrepancy is maintained.
Second tolerance from the original - arbitrarily abbreviated words can be written in full. The complemented part of the word is enclosed in straight brackets: “because]”.
The same goes for misspellings - you can put the correct word next to them in straight brackets. Words omitted by the author, but necessary for a better understanding of the quote, are also placed in straight brackets.
Third tolerance from the original - it is allowed to omit one or more words and even sentences if they are not needed by the person quoting, and if the thought of the author of the quotation is not distorted in any way.
The reader must be made aware that the quotation does not reproduce the text in full, and that in one place or another text is omitted. A gap is indicated, as is known, by an ellipsis. Are words omitted at the beginning of the quoted sentence, in the middle, at the end - everywhere, instead of the omitted words, an ellipsis is placed.
The omission of several sentences, one or more paragraphs is usually indicated by an ellipsis in angle brackets<...>.
The ellipsis is not used only in cases where individual words or phrases are quoted. It is already clear to the reader that in the text from which these words enclosed in quotation marks are extracted, they are preceded or followed by other words.
2. You need to quote the author only from his works. Only in exceptional cases, when the original source is completely inaccessible or finding it is fraught with enormous difficulties, is it permissible to quote the author from excerpts from his works cited by another author.
There are several reasons for the restriction. There is a danger of inaccurate quoting. You have to rely only on the thoroughness of the one who quoted first, which is problematic. The reader's path to the source is complicated.
3. As a rule, it is impossible to quote an author from older editions of his works if there are later, more refined ones. If a classic work is cited, then a textually authoritative publication should be chosen as the primary source.
It is customary to quote the works of the founders of Marxism-Leninism according to the latest edition of their collected works: the works of V. I. Lenin - according to the Complete Works (5th edition), the works of K. Marx and F. Engels - according to the 2nd edition of the Works.
Editorial, or editorial-technical, design of quotations is subject to the following rules:
1. A quotation is enclosed in quotation marks, except when it (after the text warning about the quotation following it and a colon) is typed in a font different from the font of the main text in size or design. A typical example is a poetic quotation; it is usually typed in a smaller font than the main text and is not enclosed in quotation marks. Font highlighting quite clearly shows the boundaries of the quoted text and thereby replaces the quotation marks.
Epigraphs and quotation marks are not enclosed in quotation marks. They are highlighted by position, typing format (already the main text) and signature - a link to the author.
2. The text of the quotation should be divided into paragraphs in the same way as in the source.
3. The text of the quotation is written with capital letter:
a) if the quotation after the colon in the middle of the phrase began with a capital letter in the source;
b) if the quotation omits the first words of the quoted sentence, but it begins a phrase, comes after a period, or opens the text.
In the source - a letter from A.P. Chekhov:
If I am a doctor, then I need patients and a hospital; if I am a writer, then I need to live among the people, and not on Malaya Dmitrovka, with mongooses.
In the text with a quote:
a) Chekhov wrote: “If I am a doctor, then I need patients and a hospital...”;
b) Chekhov spoke well about how necessary a writer’s connection with the people is. “...If I am a writer, then I need to live among the people, and not on Malaya Dmitrovka, with mongoose,” we read in one of his letters.
4. The text of the quotation is written with lowercase letter:
a) if the first words are omitted from the quotation, but it does not begin the phrase, but stands in its middle;
b) if in a quotation-sentence the first word is not omitted, but the quotation is included in the syntactic structure of the phrase - it stands in its middle, but not after the colon; in this case, despite the fact that the source text of the quotation is written in capital letters, the quotation itself is written in lowercase letters.
In the source - text by S. I. Vavilov:
It is necessary by all means to rid humanity of reading bad, unnecessary books.
In the text with a quote:
a) S.I. Vavilov demanded “...by all means to rid humanity from reading bad, unnecessary books”;
or in the version with Chekhov's text:
a) Chekhov wrote: “...if I am a writer, then I need to live among the people”;
b) S.I. Vavilov wrote that “it is necessary by all means to rid humanity of reading bad, unnecessary books.”
5. The ellipsis replaces all punctuation marks that precede it. Commas, dashes, semicolons, and colons are discarded before the omitted word(s). For example:
In the source:
In general, each Chekhov short story is so laconic, so dense in its consistency, the images in it are so meaningful that if anyone decided to comment on any of them, the comments would turn out to be much more extensive than the text, for another fugitive and inconspicuous image occupying two lines in the text , one would have to devote five or six pages to at least partially find out what idea is in it (Chukovsky K. Chekhov. - In the book: Chukovsky K. Contemporaries. Portraits and sketches. M., "Mol. Guard", 1963, p. 112).
In quote:
Right:
As K. Chukovsky writes, “... each Chekhov short story is so laconic, so thick in its consistency... that if anyone decided to comment on any of them, the comments would be much more extensive than the text...”
"...so thick in consistency...what if..."
"...so thick in consistency... that if..."
However, if in a quotation of several sentences a complete sentence is followed by a sentence at the beginning of which one or more words are omitted, then the period before the ellipsis is retained, separated from the ellipsis by a space and starting the sentence in which the first words are omitted with a capital letter. For example:
In the source:
Tolstoy “chopped” his manuscripts and proofs not because he sought special aesthetic perfection, as, for example, Flaubert did. The main reason was that he... continuously reacted to everything he learned and saw, and constantly came to new decisions and conclusions (Eikhenbaum B. Creative stimuli of L. Tolstoy. - In the book: Eikhenbaum B. About prose. Collection of articles. "P., "Khudozh. lit.", 1969, p. 80).
In quote:
B. Eikhenbaum explained it this way: “Tolstoy “chopped” his manuscripts and proofs not because he sought special aesthetic perfection, as Flaubert did, for example. ... He ... continuously reacted to everything he learned and saw, and constantly came to new decisions and conclusions" (Eikhenbaum B. About prose. Collection of articles. Leningrad, "Khudozh. lit.", 1969, p. 80).
The dot is also preserved before the ellipsis enclosed in angle brackets:
Offer.<...>Offer.
If a word or several words are omitted at the end of the sentence preceding a large bill, this is indicated by an ellipsis, regardless of the ellipsis in angle brackets:
Offer...<...>Offer.
6. It is recommended to start a quotation that continues the text after a colon on a new line:
a) when it consists of two or more paragraphs;
b) when it represents poetic lines;
c) when it is necessary to highlight it from the text.
In other cases, the quotation, as a rule, is included in the text, unless, of course, it begins a new paragraph. It is advisable to adhere to uniform decisions within one publication.
7. Large quotes with text divided into paragraphs should be highlighted from the text using a font (usually a smaller size) or indentation. Retracts are undesirable when quotes take up a page or more (the highlighting in this case is hardly noticeable).
8. Such author's and editor's notes to the quotation, such as semantic explanations necessary during its reading, instructions on the selections made by the quoting person, are placed inside the quotation. They are usually enclosed in parentheses, starting with a lowercase letter, ending with a dot, a dash, and the initials of the citing person’s first and last name in bold font—usually in italics. For example:
“There are cockroaches in my brain (from reading - K. Ch.).”
“In everything, almost everything that I wrote, I was guided by the need for a collection of thoughts linked together to express myself...” (our italics - M. Sh.).
Identical in-quote notes, if there are many of them, are replaced with interlinear notes at the first quote, for example:
It is easier for the reader to find a footnote if he, not reading the book from the very beginning, wants to inquire about who owns the highlights in the quotes.
If in quotations there are emphases of both the author’s and the citing one, then it is advisable to format them differently (for example, the author’s – in space, the quoting – in italics), specifying only the quotation’s emphases: Everywhere in quotes italics are mine.- I.I.
Thus, working with quotations requires the editor to have a subtle semantic analysis and great technical equipment, without which the culture of the publication may suffer.
Quotes can decorate the text, confirming or revealing more widely the idea expressed by the author, therefore, they are probably willingly used both in journalism and in scientific works. But sometimes introducing a quotation into a text can cause difficulties in terms of punctuation.
In this article we will try to remember the rules for formatting quotes for different ways of including them in the text. Let us remember which words need to be used, as well as ways to highlight certain words in the quoted passage.
What is a quotation: example
A quotation is a verbatim reproduction of what was said, while being inextricably linked in meaning to the text in which the passage is included.
Old age is, first of all, experience accumulated throughout life. As the great Faina Ranevskaya once said: “Memories are the wealth of old age.”
Combining several passages from different parts of the work in one quotation is not allowed. They should be formatted as different quotations. An obligatory requirement is the presence of an indication of its source.
If the passage you quote does not begin at the beginning of the original sentence, then an ellipsis is placed there in the quotation. This sign is also placed in place of all missing words in the passage.
“... An intelligent person knows how to get out of a difficult situation, but a wise person never gets into it,” Ranevskaya emphasized.
As the author or source of the quoted passage is indicated
In this article we will not talk about how a bibliographic footnote is formatted, but we will discuss the ways in which the author or source of what is cited is indicated. Good manners require you to do this every time you use someone else's thoughts.
“Incompetent people have a tendency to reach categorical and categorical conclusions” (David Dunning).
Please note that in this version there is no period after the quotation; it is placed only after the link! By the way, if the first word in brackets indicating the source is not a proper name, then it is written with a small letter.
“Incompetent people have a tendency to draw unambiguous and categorical conclusions” (from an article by psychologist David Dunning).
If the formatting of quotations in the text requires the name of the author or their source to be placed on another line, then they are written without parentheses or other punctuation marks. And after the quote itself there is a period or any necessary sign.
Incompetent people have a tendency to draw unambiguous and categorical conclusions.
David Dunning
The same rule applies to epigraphs.
Highlights within quotes
If the passage cited as a quotation contains author’s emphases, they are preserved in the same form as in the original source. The design of citations does not require special emphasis on the fact that these marks belong to the author. In cases where the citing person wants to highlight something, he must make an appropriate footnote. To do this, indicate in brackets: “my italics” or “emphasized by me” - and put initials.
A. Startsev spoke about the writer O. Henry: “Endowed by nature with the rare gift of seeing the funny..., he encountered the tragic in life..., but in most cases I preferred to remain silent about it(my italics - I.I.).”
“The literary legend that unites their names (Gogol and Ostrovsky - I.I.) is significant. After all, Ostrovsky was initially perceived as a direct successor of Gogol’s work...”
Ways in which quotations are put into context
Quotations can be introduced into a sentence as direct speech. In these cases, punctuation marks in Russian are placed in the same way as when highlighting direct speech.
I. Zakharov emphasizes: “Ranevskaya handed down cruel rulings to others that looked like court decisions. But she didn’t spare herself either.”
In cases where the quote must be separated by the words of the author, it looks like this:
“His Majesty remains completely confident,” wrote A.S. Pushkin A.Kh. Benkendorf, - that you will use your excellent abilities to pass on to posterity the glory of our Fatherland ... "
If the quotation is an addition, or it is included in a subordinate clause, then no signs other than quotation marks are placed, and the quotation itself begins with a small letter, even if in the source it was written with a capital letter:
At one time, the philosopher J. Locke said that “there is nothing in the intellect that is not in feeling.”
at the end of the quote
Separately, you need to consider the design of a quotation in a letter in situations where it is necessary to decide on the punctuation marks at the end of it - before and after the quotation marks.
- If the quoted phrase ends with an ellipsis, question mark or exclamation mark, then they are placed before the quotation marks:
She exclaimed: “By obeying all the rules, you are depriving yourself of many pleasures!”
- And in a situation where there are no signs before the quotation marks in the quotation, a period is placed at the end of the sentence, but only after them:
Ranevskaya lamented: “85 years with diabetes is not sugar.”
- If the quotation is part of a subordinate clause, then a period should be placed after the quotation marks, even if there is already an exclamation mark, a question mark or an ellipsis before them:
Marlene Dietrich rightly believed that “tenderness is a better proof of love than the most passionate vows...”.
Lowercase or at the beginning of the quote?
If a quotation is placed after a colon, then you need to pay attention to what letter it began with in the original source. If it is with a lowercase letter, then the quote is written with a small letter, only an ellipsis is placed before the text:
Describing A.S. Pushkina, I.A. Goncharov emphasized: “...in the gestures accompanying his speech there was the restraint of a secular, well-bred man.”
If the quoted passage begins with a capital letter, then the quotations are formatted in the same way as in direct speech - with a capital letter after the colon.
V. Lakshin wrote about A.N. Ostrovsky: “Many things continue to sound in these plays with living joy and pain, echoing in our soul.”
Some more nuances of noting quotes
How to indicate a quotation if you only need to quote one word or phrase? In such cases, the given word is enclosed in quotation marks and introduced into the sentence with a small letter:
V. Lakshin emphasized that the faces in Ostrovsky’s comedies are historically accurate and “ethnographically vivid.”
In situations where the original source of the quotation is not freely available (there is no translation into Russian or this is a rare publication), then when quoting you should indicate: “cit. By".
Is it possible to change anything in the quoted passage?
Formatting quotations requires not only compliance with the rules of punctuation, but also a correct attitude towards the quoted text. On the part of the author of the article in which these passages are given, only a few deviations from their original state are allowed:
- the use of modern spelling and punctuation, if the manner of writing and placement of characters is not a sign of the author’s individual style;
- restoration of abbreviated words, but with the obligatory conclusion of the added part in, for example, sv-vo - svo[yst]vo;
- the design of quotations also allows for the omission of individual words in them, with the location of the omission indicated by an ellipsis, if this does not distort the general meaning of the quoted passage;
- When including individual phrases or words, you can change their case so as not to disrupt the syntactic structure of the phrase in which they are included.
If the author needs to further express his attitude to the quoted passage or to some of its words, he, as a rule, places a question mark or exclamation mark enclosed in parentheses after them.
Not only punctuation marks in Russian should serve to convey a quote
For an author writing a scientific or literary work, a quotation is a convincing and economical technique that allows you to present facts to the reader, generalize them and, of course, confirm your idea with reference to authoritative sources.
In non-scientific texts, quotation is often a means of emotional impact. But we must not forget that the passage quoted must be conveyed accurately. Indeed, even in the definition of the concept “quote” it is emphasized that this is a verbatim excerpt from a text. And from this it follows that not only the text itself, but also the punctuation marks that the author has, as well as the emphasis that he has, must be reproduced without distortion.
And this can equally be attributed to both official documents and emotional excerpts from fiction. Only by remembering this can you fully understand what a quote is. An example of respect for the quoted material is, first of all, respect for the author who wrote the lines you quote.
