IN Russian State Library valid since 2013 remote recording service for readers. You can enroll in the RSL and use the library’s resources without visiting its buildings on Vozdvizhenka and Khimki. All data necessary for recording can be sent by mail or via online access.
The RSL has been developing its electronic resources for several years: the digitization of its multimillion-dollar book fund is underway, it is successfully developing dissertation library project, new virtual reading rooms are opening in Russian cities and abroad. Already today, digitized documents of the RSL, free from copyright, can be read anywhere in the world where there is Internet access.
Until 2013, publications and dissertations that were closed to public viewing and stored in the Russian State Library could be read only after receiving a library card at Vozdvizhenka or Khimki, or from the virtual reading rooms of the RSL opened in other libraries. The library card provided both regular access to the library’s reading rooms and remote access to the RSL’s electronic library of dissertations.
Since 2013, any Internet user can become the owner of an RSL library card - just send the necessary documents by registered mail, or send them by email. When registering remotely, the user receives an electronic library card with a unique number, which allows access to library services. For example, at the moment, readers can already work remotely with the library of dissertations, and in the future other library resources will become available to holders of electronic tickets.
In the future, using the electronic ticket number, you can receive a plastic card for access to the reading rooms of the RSL. The remote recording service is valid for all Russian citizens over 18 years of age, as well as for higher education students educational institutions who have not reached this age.
Source: http://www.rsl.ru/ru/news/2312132/
Registration on the RSL website
Registration on the RSL website provides access to some of the services of the RSL online store:
- Uploading documents using a dedicated channel;
- Copying documents from the RSL Electronic Library;
- Acquisition of publications written off from the RSL funds;
- Purchasing electronic copies of books from the Pashkov House publishing house;
The account is linked to the address Email, user passport data is not required. Registration on the RSL website is the first step when registering with the RSL. If you received a ticket in a reader registration group, additional registration on the site is not required.
Library entry
Registration in the library involves creating an RSL library card and providing access to:
- to the library reading rooms with the opportunity to order and receive books from the RSL collections;
- to all library services;
- to electronic resources, licensed databases and electronic versions of publications.
A library card is identified by a unique number and is issued for a period of five years.
When registering remotely in the library, an electronic library card is created. A plastic library card with a photo for access to the reading rooms of the RSL can be obtained upon a personal visit to the reader registration group.
In-person registration is carried out in the reader registration group. You will need the originals of your passport, document higher education or student card. Citizens of the Russian Federation fill out a registration card on the website to register online. You will need electronic copies of your passport, higher education document or student ID and bank card to confirm your identity. Citizens of the Russian Federation for records with sending documents by mail fill out and print out the reader registration card, make copies necessary documents and send them to the RSL by registered mail.
The largest public library in the world.
Any citizen of Russia or another state can become a chi-ta-te bib-lio-te-ki, if he is The student at the university has reached 18 years of age.
Within the walls of the RSL there is a unique collaboration of domestic and foreign documents in 367 languages -ra. The volume of funds exceeds 45 million 500 thousand storage units. Presentation of special collections of maps, sheet music, sound, rare books, dissertation ta-tions, newspapers and other types of sources.
Historical reference:
1784, May 17. The first written mention of the beginning of N.P.’s collecting activity. Rumyantseva.
1827, November 3. Letter from S.P. Rumyantsev to Emperor Nicholas I: “Most Gracious Sovereign! My deceased brother, expressing to me his desire to create a Museum...”
1828, January 3. Letter from Emperor Nicholas I to S.P. Rumyantsev: “Count Sergei Petrovich! I learned with particular pleasure that, following the promptings of your zeal for the common good, you intend to transfer the Museum, known for its precious collections, to the Government in order to make it accessible to everyone and thereby contribute to the success of public education. I express to you my goodwill and gratitude for this gift you brought to the sciences and the Fatherland and wishing to preserve the memory of the founders of this useful institution, I ordered to call this Museum Rumyantsevsky.”
1828, March 22. Personal decree to the Senate of Nicholas I “On the establishment of the Rumyantsev Museum”: “Located here in St. Petersburg in the 1st Admiralty part of the 4th quarter at No. 229 and 196 are houses purchased by the late State Chancellor Count Rumyantsev from the English merchant Thomas Ware and bequeathed by him to the newly established Public Academic Institution , which should be called the Rumyantsev Museum. We command: in fulfillment of this will of the owner, although only verbally expressed by him, but confirmed by the testimony of his brother and only heir, Actual Privy Councilor Count Rumyantsev, to recognize from now on the property of the Ministry of Public Education...”
1828, March 22. The highest rescript given to the Minister of Public Education - “On the admission of the Rumyantsev Museum to the department of the Ministry of Public Education, and on the rules by which this institution should be managed”: “Alexander Semenovich! (Minister A.S. Shishkov)...
I command you, in accordance with these assumptions: 1. The buildings designated for the premises of the Rumyantsev Museum and other buildings belonging to it... to accept... without making a sale deed for them, within the period specified by him on May 1 of this 1828 2. To accept... and the library and collections stored in the Museum manuscripts, coins and minerals... works of art... 3. Decide as a rule that the Rumyantsev Museum, as a public institution, will be open to the public once a week... 4. Draw up... a draft Charter... and staff...".
1831, May 28. The highest approved opinion State Council on approval of the Regulations, budget and staff of the Rumyantsev Museum:
"Establishment of the Rumyantsev Museum." Dept. I About the purpose of the museum.
§ 1. The collection left by the late State Chancellor Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev ... is designated for public use, called, by the Highest Will, the Rumyantsev Museum.
§ 2. Every Monday from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., the Museum is open to all readers to view it. On other days, except Sundays and holidays, those visitors who intend to engage in reading and extracts are allowed...
§ 4. The Rumyantsev Museum is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Education, headed by the Senior Librarian onago (Complete collection of laws Russian Empire).
1831, June 27. A.Kh. was appointed to the position of Senior Librarian of the Museum. Vostokov (1781 - 1864) - poet, paleographer, archaeographer. From 1824 he worked as a librarian in the Department of Religious Affairs and (from August 1829) in the Imperial Public Library as custodian of manuscripts.
1838, January 24. S.P. died Rumyantsev. At the same time, by decree of Nicholas I, the Minister of War transferred to the Rumyantsev Museum rescripts, letters, diplomas, certificates given to the Rumyantsev family. The donation was the only major addition to the Museum's fund in the first half of the 19th century.
1844, May 15. E.M. was appointed to the position of Senior Librarian, head of the Rumyantsev Museum. Lobanov (1787 - 1846) - writer, poet. Awarded the title of academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1845. Friend and first biographer of I.A. Krylova, N.I. Gnedich.
1845, August 21. The highest approved regulation of the Committee of Ministers “On the subordination of the Rumyantsev Museum to the authorities of the Imperial Library.” “...The Committee, taking into account that the Museum provided by Count Rumyantsev at the disposal of the government was given the name Rumyantsevsky and that Count Rumyantsev donated two houses for it, found that a complete merger of this Museum with other similar institutions would be inconvenient and would violate the will of the founders; but in order to reduce the costs required for the maintenance of the said Museum, which fall mostly on the State Treasury ... subordinate it to the authorities of the Imperial Public Library, especially since an Assistant has been assigned to the Director of this Library, to whom immediate supervision of the Museum can be entrusted without difficulty ... ".
1846, May 27. The Charter of the Rumyantsev Museum was highly approved by Nicholas I: “§ 6. The Rumyantsev Museum, being under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Public Education, ... “is under the control of the Director of the Imperial Public Library and the closest management of his Assistant.”
1846, July 12. Assistant Director of the Imperial Public Library, Prince V.F., was appointed to the post of head of the Rumyantsev Museum. Odoevsky (1804 - 1869) - writer, musicologist, philosopher, assistant director of the Imperial Public Library from June 20, 1846.
1850, February 20. The “Additional Regulations on the Imperial Public Library and the Rumyantsev Museum” were most highly approved by Nicholas I: “§ 1. The Imperial Public Library and the Rumyantsev Museum, belonging to the general composition of the Ministry of the Imperial Court, are under the direct management of the Director.
1861, May 23. Alexander II highly approved the position of the Committee of Ministers - “On the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum from St. Petersburg to Moscow.”
1861, June 27. Commission consisting of: N.V. Isakov, A.V. Bychkov, V.F. Odoevsky - began transferring the Rumyantsev Museum to the Ministry of Public Education and preparing to move the collection of N.P. Rumyantsev to Moscow.
1861, August 5. Reports from the director of the Imperial Public Library M.A. Korf to the Minister of the Imperial Household V.F. Adlerberg: “I have the honor to notify you, Dear Sir, that the delivery of houses and all property of the Rumyantsev Museum, together with the remaining amounts of this institution, to the department of the Ministry of Public Education was completed on August 1...”
A painting painted on canvas by the painter Torelli in 1773, representing the solemn procession of Catherine the Great to the lands conquered from the Turks. This painting was kept in the Hermitage, but at the most humble request of Count Sergei Petrovich, it was granted to the Rumyantsev Museum.
By 1853, i.e. 25 years after the establishment of the Rumyantsev Museum and the receipt of N.P. Rumyantsev’s collection for state storage, its volume has changed slightly. The Rumyantsev Museum contained 966 manuscripts, 598 maps and drawing books (atlases), 32,345 volumes of printed publications. His jewelry was studied by 722 readers who ordered 1,094 items. storage 256 visitors visited the exhibition halls of the museum.
The transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow was predetermined. In the 1850-1860s. In Russia, the movement for the creation of public libraries, museums, and educational institutions expanded. The abolition of serfdom was approaching. During these years, new enterprises and banks emerged in Moscow, and railway construction expanded. Working people and young people of all ranks poured into the Mother See. The need for a free book has increased many times over. A public library could meet this need. There was such a library in St. Petersburg. In Moscow there was a university founded in 1755 with a good library serving professors and students. Were rich bookstores, wonderful private collections. But this did not solve the issue, and many saw the need to solve it.
In the 1850s. Trustee of the Moscow Educational District E.P. Kovalevsky planned to create a public museum based on the collections of Moscow University, and to place the university library in a special building and make it more accessible. Professor of Moscow University K.K. Hertz was one of the first in his books, articles, and lectures to argue for the need to found an art museum in Moscow back in 1858. There was talk about the founding of an accessible museum and library in Moscow also in the Moscow literary circle, which included Moscow University professor T.N. Granovsky, A.I. Herzen, V.G. Belinsky, translator and publisher E.F. Korsh, who became the first librarian of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums (hereinafter - Muzeev, Rumyantsev Museum), major industrialist, publisher, philanthropist K.T. Soldatenkov is one of the most generous donors to the Museums.
In 1859, N.V. became a trustee of the Moscow educational district. Isakov, about whom they wrote: “In his person the district, and with him the Moscow intelligentsia circles, met an “actively sympathetic” trustee of public education in the broad sense of the word. At his new place of service, N.V. found complete satisfaction of my spiritual needs.”
On May 23 (Old Art.), 1861, the Committee of Ministers adopted a resolution on the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow and on the creation of the Moscow Public Museum. In 1861, the acquisition and organization of funds began. The movement of the Rumyantsev collections from St. Petersburg to Moscow began.
We must pay tribute to the Moscow authorities - Governor General P.A. Tuchkov and trustee of the Moscow educational district N.V. Isakov. With the support of the Minister of Public Education E.P. Kovalevsky, they invited all Muscovites to take part in the formation of the newly created, as they said then, “Museum of Sciences and Arts.” They turned for help to Moscow societies - Noble, Merchant, Meshchansky, publishing houses, and individual citizens. And Muscovites hastened to the aid of their long-awaited Library, their Museums. More than three hundred book and manuscript collections and individual priceless gifts were added to the fund of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums.
Emperor Alexander II on July 1 (June 19, O.S.), 1862, approved (“authorized”) the “Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum.” “Regulations...” became the first legal document that determined the management, structure, directions of activity, receipt of legal deposit in the Library of Museums, staffing table the first public Museum created in Moscow with a public library that was part of this Museum.
The Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums included, in addition to the Library, departments of manuscripts, rare books, Christian and Russian antiquities, departments of fine arts, ethnographic, numismatic, archaeological, and mineralogical.
The book collection of the Rumyantsev Museum became part of the book collection, and the manuscript collection became part of the manuscript collection of the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum, Museums that preserved the memory of the State Chancellor in their name, celebrated the days of his birth and death, and, most importantly, followed the behest of N.M. Rumyantsev - to serve the benefit of the Fatherland and good education.
A special role in the formation of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums belonged to St. Petersburg libraries and, above all, the Imperial Public Library, whose director Modest Andreevich Korf not only himself instructed Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky to compile a note on the plight of the Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg and the possibility of transferring it to Moscow, but also " wanted to show a new sign of his sincere sympathy and assistance for the further success of the Moscow Public Library, and petitioned for the circulation of books to it.” Many thousands of volumes of Russian, foreign, first-print books from doublets of the Imperial Public Library in boxes with registers and catalog cards were sent to the newly created library in Moscow. Doublets from the Imperial Hermitage collections transferred to the Imperial Public Library were also sent here. M.A. Korf wrote on June 28, 1861 N.V. Isakov that he “considers it an honor to be a participant in the founding of a public library in Moscow.” Following the Imperial Public Library, other libraries and organizations of St. Petersburg provided assistance to the Library of Museums in its formation. Russian Academy Sciences, St. Petersburg Theological Academy, and the Department of the General Staff helped the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and the Library in the early years of their formation.
The Rumyantsev Museum, established in 1828 and founded in 1831 in St. Petersburg, has been part of the Imperial Public Library since 1845. The museum was in poverty. Curator of the Rumyantsev Museum V.F. Odoevsky, having lost hope of receiving funds to maintain the museum, proposed moving the Rumyantsev collections to Moscow, where they would be in demand and preserved. Odoevsky’s note about the difficult situation of the Rumyantsev Museum, sent to the Minister of State Household, was “accidentally” seen by N.V. Isakov gave it a go.
In 1913, the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov was celebrated. The celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums was also timed to coincide with this time. It has already been said, in connection with donations to the Museums, about the role of the imperial family in the life of the Museums. From the very beginning, one of the Grand Dukes became a trustee of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. Members of the imperial family were elected honorary members of the Museums.
They often visited Museums, leaving entries in the Book of Honored Guests. On January 12, 1895 (December 31, 1894 according to the old style), the Museums received their first patron. It became Emperor Nicholas II.
Since 1913, the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums in accordance with by the highest decision became known as the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museums. In connection with the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov, the State Duma, during the discussion of the anniversary events, considered that the best monument to this event would be the “All-Russian People's Museum”, the role of which the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums were called upon to play.
This required the director Golitsyn and the Museum staff to mobilize all organizational, intellectual, and material efforts. And although the Rumyantsev Museum was never officially called the “All-Russian People’s Museum,” in fact, during the years of Golitsyn’s directorship, the Museum became such. Prince Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn perfectly understood how significant the public face of this essentially national and imperial Museum by name should be. Under him, Russian and foreign scientists and directors of leading libraries and museums were elected as honorary members of the Museums, along with outstanding Russian statesmen.
Since 1913, the Museum Library began to receive money for the first time to complete its collection.
By the beginning of the 1920s. The library of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums, the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museums, and since February 1917 - the State Rumyantsev Museum (GRM) was already an established cultural and scientific center.
Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn continued to remain director of the State Russian Museum until March 1921. From March 1921 to October 1924, the director of the State Rumyantsev Museum, who served in the Museums since 1910, was the future famous writer, author of the books “The Three Colors of Time”, “The Condemnation of Paganini”, “Stendhal and His Time” and others, Anatoly Kornelievich Vinogradov.
Under Vinogradov, on January 24, 1924, by decision of the People's Commissariat for Education (departmental, not government decision), the State Russian Museum was named the Russian Public Library named after Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin), although officially (as evidenced by documents) it continued to remain the State Rumyantsev Library until February 6, 1925 museum. A.K. Vinogradov resigned as director due to illness, and his place was taken by a temporary Management Board headed by the head of the scientific department of General History, Professor Dmitry Nikolaevich Egorov (October 1924 - February 4, 1925). From May 5, 1925, director of the State Russian Museum Library, which from February 6, 1925 was transformed into the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin, doctor, professor, party historian, statesman and party leader Vladimir Ivanovich Nevsky was appointed. After his arrest in 1935, for the first time in the history of the Library, a woman, Elena Fedorovna Rozmirovich, a participant in the revolutionary movement and state building, was appointed director. In 1939, she was transferred to the position of director of the Literary Institute, and director of the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin became a statesman and party leader, candidate of historical sciences, former director of the State Public historical library Nikolai Nikiforovich Yakovlev.
Until 1917, the Committee, the Council, after 1917 - the Academic Board, from March 14, 1921 - the Academic Council, were a collegial advisory body under the director of the Museums, then the Libraries.
The return of the capital to Moscow in March 1918 changed the status of the State Russian Museum Library, which soon became the main library of the country.
All changes in the state directly affected the change in the nature of the Library’s activities, the composition of its collection, the composition of readers, the volume and forms of service. A cultural revolution was taking place in the country, the goal of which was People's Commissar of Education A.V. Lunacharsky defined it as the formation of a comprehensively developed harmonious personality. To do this, according to its organizers, it was necessary to win over the “old” intelligentsia, use the “old” cultural heritage, create a new intelligentsia, and form a new worldview, displacing religious and bourgeois consciousness. Literacy of the population increased. If in 1897 literacy among people over 9 years of age was 24%, in 1926 - 51.1%, then, according to the All-Union Census of 1939, literacy reached 81.2%. The administrative system was forced to use talented people, brought up before the revolution.
In the new socio-political conditions, the Library continued its traditionally high mission of a cultural institution - to collect and carefully preserve the collection, to make it optimally accessible to new readers.
In 1918, an interlibrary loan and a reference and bibliographic bureau were organized in the State Russian Museum Library.
In 1921, the Library became a state book depository. The library fulfilled its historical mission of collecting, preserving and providing users with book and manuscript collections, taking part in the implementation of the 1918 Central Executive Committee Decree “On the Protection of Libraries and Book Depositories”, incorporating abandoned, ownerless, nationalized book collections into its funds. Because of this, the Library's collection from 1,200 thousand items on January 1, 1917 grew to 4 million items, which needed not only to be placed in insufficient space, but also to be processed and made available to readers.
From the very foundation of the Museums, the Library, following the Library of the Academy of Sciences and the Imperial Public Library, received the right to preserve what censorship prohibited other libraries from storing. Now, in the 1920s and 1930s, this function of the Library acquired new extreme importance. In 1920, a secret department was created in the Library. Access to the funds of this department was limited. But today, when restrictions have been lifted, we must pay tribute to several generations of employees of this department for preserving the books of those who left Russia after the revolution, books of great scientists, writers from the “philosophical ship” of 1922, members of numerous groups and associations cultural figures from RAPP to the unions of the bourgeois intelligentsia, victims of the fight against formalism in literature and art, thousands of repressed people. In the conditions of fundamental changes in the class structure of Soviet society, ideological purges, and repressions, the Library managed to maintain a special storage fund.
Taking advantage of the favorable conditions provided to it as the main library of the country (July 14, 1921 - Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars "On the procedure for the acquisition and distribution of foreign literature", other resolutions), the Library conducts great job on the acquisition of foreign literature and, above all, foreign periodicals.
The creation of the USSR and the formation of a multinational Soviet culture predetermined one of the most important directions in acquiring the Library's collection - collecting literature in all written languages of the peoples of the USSR. An Eastern department was created with a group (sector) of literature of the peoples of the USSR, the processing of this literature was organized in a short time, an appropriate system of catalogs was created, the processing of literature and catalogs were as close as possible to the reader.
Special mention should be made of the systematic catalogue. Until 1919, the collection of the Rumyantsev Museum Library was reflected in only one, alphabetical, catalogue. By this time, the volume of the fund had already exceeded a million units. The need to create a systematic catalog was discussed before, but due to lack of opportunities, the issue was postponed. In 1919, by resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the State Rumyantsev Museum was allocated significant funds for its development, which made it possible to increase staff, create scientific departments, attract leading scientists to work, and begin creating new ones. Soviet tables library and bibliographic classification, building a systematic catalog on their basis. Thus began a huge work that required decades of work not only by the staff of the Lenin Library and other libraries, but also by many scientific institutions and scientists from various fields of knowledge.
Since 1922, the Library has received two legal copies of all printed publications on the territory of the state, including promptly providing thousands of readers with not only literature in the languages of the peoples of the USSR, but also its translations into Russian. All this, especially after 1938, when compulsory teaching of the Russian language was introduced in all national schools, made multinational literature accessible to everyone. The Library's role in the dissemination of multinational literature is significant. The library not only replenished its collections, but also did a lot to preserve them. A hygiene and restoration group with a research laboratory was created in the storage department.
In the 1920-1930s. State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin is a leading scientific institution. First of all, it is the largest scientific information base. There is not a scientist in the country who would not turn to this source of wisdom. There is not a Russian scholar in the world who has not worked at Leninka. 1920-1930s - this is a time of great achievements in domestic science. Her successes are associated with the names of N.I. Vavilova, A.F. Ioffe, P.L. Kapitsa, I.P. Pavlova, K.A. Timiryazeva, A.P. Karpinsky, V.I. Vernadsky, N.E. Zhukovsky, I.V. Michurina. This is what was written in the Library’s greeting to the USSR Academy of Sciences on July 27, 1925: “The All-Union Lenin Library is happy to bring its enthusiastic greetings to the All-Union Academy of Sciences. Your seed is our bins; the fattening of the fields, the preparation of new harvests are common: laboratories, scientific offices , special institutes, the library - are intertwined into a single creative creative circle and not a single link in this mighty scientific-working chain can be considered superfluous."
May 3, 1932 By resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Library was included in the number of research institutions of republican significance.
Leading scientists of the country worked in the Library during these years, part-time or freelance, helping to create the first Soviet library and bibliographic classification, which in 1981 became the only library work awarded the State Prize in the field of science. Major scientists, such as physical geographer A.A. Borzov, astronomer S.V. Orlov, historians Yu.V. Gauthier, D.N. Egorov, L.V. Cherepnin, S.V. Bakhrushin, philologists V.F. Savodnik, S.K. Shambinago, N.I. Shaternikov, book scholar N.P. Kiselev, literary critic I.L. Andronnikov and many others worked mostly in academic institutions, at Moscow University. At the same time, they made a great contribution to the development of the Library as a scientific institution, helping in the creation of a Systematic Catalog, in reference and information work, and in the preparation of scientific publications. But the Library’s contribution to science in the 1920s and 1930s. was not limited to this.
The library stands at the head of one of the important branches of science - library science. Since 1922, the Library has included the Cabinet, and since 1924 the Institute of Library Science, headed by the outstanding librarian Lyubov Borisovna Khavkina. In 1923, the first four volumes of the Library’s “Proceedings” were published: “The Diaries of A.S. Pushkin (1833-1835)”, “K.P. Pobedonostsev and His Correspondents” (2 vols.), V.A. Stein. "Library Statistics: Experience in Guiding Statistics for General Education Libraries." Scientific collections are published. Since 1938, “Notes of the Manuscripts Department” have been published. The library takes part in the 1st All-Union Congress of Library Workers (1924), the 1st Conference of Scientific Libraries (1924), and the 2nd All-Union Bibliographical Congress (1926). In 1931, the Association of Scientific Libraries was created and at its head, until his arrest in 1935, was V.I. Nevsky. He was also the editor-in-chief of the journal Library Science and Bibliography. In 1934, Nevsky wrote: “Now over 400 research institutions are in the closest scientific connection with us. We not only give them books, but they turn to us for information, for clarification of all kinds of questions... Near the Lenin Library, a as near the center, the Association of Scientific Libraries of Moscow... Such a powerful scientific and bibliographic organization as the All-Union Association of Agricultural Bibliography, organizations such as the Book Chamber, and the Index scientific literature". (With the participation of V.I. Nevsky, "Yearbooks of the Index Commission are published")
One of the tasks of the Library V.I. Nevsky saw the disclosure of her funds. “... No matter how meager our means are, no matter how few they are at our disposal, we have set ourselves the task of publishing our works, publishing the treasures that are in the manuscript department, leading the way along a new path, publishing works that meet the immediate needs of the young scientific community...” .
Library Director V.I. Nevsky begins the construction of a new Library building, rebuilds the entire work of the Library, helps publish the Trinity List of "Russian Truth" from the manuscripts department, actively participates in the activities of the publishing house "ACADEMIA" (several volumes of the series "Russian Memoirs, Diaries, Letters and Materials" published under the general editorship of Nevsky "on the history of literature and social thought are built on materials from the Library's collections and are distinguished by a high scientific level and culture of publication). IN AND. Nevsky and D.N. Egorov belonged to " general plan and general management of the implementation of the collection "The Death of Tolstoy." Nevsky wrote the introductory article to this collection. D.N. Egorov was repressed, died in exile. V.I. Nevsky was repressed in 1935, shot in 1937. They were repressed Director of the State Rumyantsev Museum V.D. Golitsyn (1921), historians, personnel of the Library Y.V. Gauthier, D.N. Egorov, I.I. . were arrested in the Academic Case. Dozens of Library employees were repressed in the 1920s and 1930s. We are now trying to restore their names.
Much has been done by the Library, the Cabinet (Institute) of Library Science, which was part of it, and for the training of library personnel. Two-year, nine-month, six-month courses, postgraduate studies (since 1930), the creation of the first library university in the Library in 1930, which in 1934 separated from the Lenin Library and became independent.
When they talk about culture, they also mean the moral climate in the country, in a particular group. In the Library, next to graduates of the Sorbonne and Cambridge, there worked very young people, advanced students who received an education and profession without interrupting their work. Nevsky dreamed of raising a new Soviet intelligentsia in the Library, and did a lot for this. It is impossible to take the Library out of the context of the country's history. And here too there was nervous tension, suspicion, denunciations, fear, and the need for constant self-control. There were purges, arrests, persecutions. But there was something else. They loved their work, their Library, were proud of their multinational Motherland, were true patriots and proved this in 1941.
In the 1920-1930s. The library, being an integral part of national and world culture, has made a significant contribution to science and culture. It did a lot to improve the level of culture and education of citizens, to satisfy the information needs of culture, science, literature, to preserve and replenish its fund, which by the beginning of 1941 numbered 9,600 thousand (like the US Library of Congress at that time). She preserved for us (and many future generations) books that could have perished after their authors. The 6 reading rooms of the Lenin Library served thousands of readers every day. At the beginning of 1941, 1,200 employees provided all areas of the Library’s activities.
The richest multinational collection of the country's main library, the constantly improving system of services, reference and bibliographic services allowed the Library to take its rightful place in the system of cultural institutions of the country, in preserving cultural values, in influencing public consciousness. Close connection with other cultural institutions was determined by the fact that from the very founding of the first Moscow public library, one of its most important tasks was the active dissemination of culture: exhibitions, excursions, helping readers in their work. Historical conditions of the 1920-1930s. suggested new forms of this work. Houses and Palaces of Culture are being created in the country, and Cultural Parks are opening. The Lenin Library opens its branches in the Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after M. Gorky (1936). Later, similar branches were created in Sokolniki Park, in the House of Culture for Children of Railway Workers. Since 1926, the Lenin Library has had the House-Museum of A.P. as a branch. Chekhov in Yalta.
The Library was closely connected with theaters. This is what was written in the greeting from the Lenin Library on the 30th anniversary of the Moscow Art Academic Theater in October 1928: “New productions of the Art Theater have always been the result of persistent and creative research work. The study of book sources, art collections, preliminary abstracts, and often printed articles explaining the play in terms of direction - defined the Theater precisely as a scholar-researcher. The doors of the Public Library of the USSR named after V.I. are hospitably open for people of science. Lenin, and she more than once saw groups of Theater workers whose multifaceted activities were given separate rooms. Now the Library conveys its congratulations to the hero of the day in the firm belief that in the future it will also communicate with the Theater employees on the basis of joint work."
The Lenin Library was especially closely connected with literature and writers. In the Library in the 1920s-1930s. The Central Literary Museum was created; in 1925, it included the A.P. Museum. Chekhov in Moscow, Museum of F.M. Dostoevsky, Museum of F.I. Tyutchev "Muranovo", M. Gorky Museum, Office of L.N. Tolstoy, the Book Museum is being created. Exhibitions dedicated to writers (I.S. Turgenev, A.I. Herzen, N.A. Nekrasov, A.S. Pushkin, M. Gorky, V.V. Mayakovsky, Dante, etc.) are organized here. The library takes an active part in the publication of complete scientifically prepared collected works of L.N. Tolstoy, A.S. Pushkina, N.A. Nekrasov, whose archives were kept in the Lenin Library.
Even earlier, the Library was visited by V.V. Mayakovsky, M. Gorky and many other writers. In the House of Writers in Moscow, on the Memorial Plaque there are 70 names of writers who died in the Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars. 100 Moscow writers died from repression. And across the country there are about 1000. Their works are preserved by the Lenin Library. On October 8, 1928, the Evening Red Gazeta wrote: “The RKI [Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate] inspected the Lenin Public Library (formerly Rumyantsevskaya) and found that the library had become a refuge for a group of counter-revolutionary-minded intelligentsia, who were in every possible way interfering with the organization of work. Among them employees included 62 former noblemen, 20 hereditary honorary citizens, all of them had nothing to do with library work before 1918. The RKI demands the dismissal of 22 people, including A.K. Vinogradov (former director of the library), assistant librarians. E.V. [Yu.V.] Gauthier and D.S. [V.S.] Glinka, head of the repository K.N. They were removed and repressed, but what they did was preserved.
All this enormous work was carried out within the walls of Pashkov’s house. True, by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of December 12, 1921, the State Rumyantsev Museum was assigned a house at Mokhovaya, 6. Built in 1821 according to a standard design for the development of the center of Moscow after the fire of 1812. In 1868, the architect Kaminsky rebuilt the building, connecting both wings with the main house. The house belonged to the Shakhovsky princes. At the beginning of the 20th century. the estate was sold to the merchant Krasilshchikov, and after 1917 it was nationalized. Various organizations were located here, as well as the collection of impressionists of the State Russian Museum (before its separation from the Library). In 1921, the house was completely transferred to the State Russian Museum. Here now, in different years, the organizations and services of the Rumyantsev Museum, the Lenin Library were located: the Museum of Ethnography, the Institute of Library Science, Literary Museum, bookbinding workshops, living quarters, mostly inhabited by employees of the Lenin Library. In 1934, the Institute of Library Science (it became part of the MGBI) and the Literary Museum separated from the Library. The building no longer belongs to the Library. Until the Center for Oriental Literature of the Russian State Library was located here.
Speaking about the Library and culture of the 1920-1930s, we should especially emphasize the donor, “mother” role of the Lenin Library. In 1921, on the initiative of employees of the State Russian Museum, the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR decided to separate museum collections from the Library itself and the manuscript department. The disbandment of the Rumyantsev Museum began, which continued until 1927. Hundreds and thousands of museum objects, priceless paintings, engravings, sculptures, ethnographic, archaeological materials replenished the Museum of Fine Arts, Tretyakov Gallery, Historical Museum. The main reason departments there was a lack of space for storing books and manuscripts and serving readers. The Literary Museum became independent. The F.M. Museums separated from the Library and continued their independent life. Dostoevsky, A.P. Chekhova, F.I. Tyutchev, M. Gorky, later - the House-Museum of A.P. Chekhov (Yalta). “Gone” from the Library in accordance with government decisions, lovingly transferred at one time to the Moscow Public Rumyantsev Museum and carefully preserved by the Museums, the State Library of the USSR. IN AND. Lenin until 1937-1939, manuscripts by A.S. Pushkin and L.N. Tolstoy. They became a decoration of the Pushkin House (St. Petersburg) and the Museum of L.N. Tolstoy (Moscow).
Each page of the history of the Russian State Library has its own characteristics, but they are all connected by something common to them: service to the Fatherland, cultural education, devotion to the common cause, continuity of good deeds and traditions, support of society, and above all Moscow, need and deprivation that accompanied the Library from first years. Special page - Library during the Great Patriotic War.
Throughout the history of the Library, the main thing for it was acquisition, storage of the collection and service to readers. And during these difficult years, the Library continued to replenish its funds, ensuring the receipt of legal deposits, which were also donated to the Library of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. In the first two war years, 58% (1057 book titles) and over 20% of periodicals that were not received from the Book Chamber as a legal deposit were acquired. The management of the Library achieved the transfer to it of newspapers, magazines, brochures, posters, leaflets, slogans and other publications produced by Military Publishing House, political departments of the fronts and armies.
In 1942, the Library had book exchange relations with 16 countries and 189 organizations. The most intensive exchanges took place with England and the USA. The second front will not open soon, in 1944, but in the incomplete first war year (July 1941 - March 1942) the Library sent 546 letters to different countries, primarily English-speaking ones, with an exchange offer, and from a number of countries there was agreement received. During the war years, more precisely since 1944, the issue of transferring candidate and doctoral dissertations to the Library was resolved. The fund was actively completed through the purchase of antique domestic and world literature.
During the war, when the Nazis were approaching Moscow and enemy air raids, the issue of preserving the fund acquired particular importance. On June 27, 1941, the party and government resolution “On the procedure for the removal and placement of human contingents and valuable property” was adopted. Our Library also immediately began preparing for the evacuation of its most valuable collections. Library Director N.N. Yakovlev was appointed commissioner of the People's Commissariat for Education for the evacuation of library and museum valuables from Moscow. About 700 thousand items (rare and especially valuable publications, manuscripts) were evacuated from Leninka. On the long journey - first to Nizhny Novgorod, then to Perm (then the city of Molotov), the selected, packaged books and manuscripts were accompanied by a group of GBL employees. All valuables were preserved, re-evacuated in 1944 and placed on the shelves of the Library’s storage rooms.
Both the front and the rear come here, to the Lenin Library, for help and information necessary to solve the common task for the whole country - to win. 7% more certificates were issued during the war years than during the same period in the pre-war years.
Our fund was also saved by the builders who, by the beginning of the war, managed to build an 18-tier book depository made of iron and concrete for 20 million items of storage, and, of course, by the Library staff, who carried on their hands (they did not have time to implement the planned mechanization) the entire fund and all the catalogs from fire-hazardous Pashkov house into a new storage facility. And, of course, our girls from the MPVO team, who were on duty on the roof of the old building. According to incomplete data, they extinguished more than 200 incendiary bombs. There was an anti-aircraft gun on the roof of the new building of the main book depository. And our Red Army, our militias, in whose ranks 175 Library employees fought, who left its walls for battle, crushing the Germans near Moscow, didn’t they help save our fund? And the fact that the Library staff participated in the construction of defensive lines near Moscow, helped in hospitals to restore the health of our soldiers - was this not also done to preserve the priceless wealth entrusted to the Library by the country?
Restoration work has been carried out in the Library since its time as part of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. Then a group was formed in the storage department for these purposes. In the interests of better preservation of the collection and the organization of preventive measures on the basis of this group, in February 1944, a hygiene and restoration department was created in the Library with a research laboratory attached to it.
The reference apparatus - catalogs and card indexes - was preserved. These are primarily the General Alphabetical Catalog (4000 catalog boxes) and the General Systematic Catalog (3600 boxes). In May 1942, in order to more fully record and bring into the proper system the most important bibliographic resources - catalogs and card files, the Library began their certification, completing it even before the end of the war. Work was underway to create a consolidated catalog of foreign publications in Moscow libraries.
The Lenin Library took an active part in the work of the State Fund created in 1943 (it was located on the territory of the Library in the church building and the old storage facility on Znamenka (then Frunze Street) for the restoration of destroyed libraries in the territories liberated from the Nazis. And the Library itself, and not through the State Fund, provided assistance to libraries that suffered from the Nazis in temporarily occupied areas. For example, about 10 thousand books were donated to the Tver (then Kalinin) regional library. Our employees also participated in collecting books for these purposes at the request of the Library’s management. worked as experts of the Extraordinary Commission to establish and investigate the atrocities of the Nazi invaders and their accomplices and the damage they caused to citizens, collective farms, public organizations, state enterprises and institutions of the USSR.
That is why the first public library of the Mother See of the Capital was created in 1862 - a free, publicly accessible book service. During the Great Patriotic War, the Library practically never stopped serving readers for a single day. Has also changed externally (military uniform in reading rooms prevailed) and by the nature of our reader’s requests. The reading area of the new building complex has not yet been built. At the beginning of the war there was only one reading room - Main (General)
On May 24, 1942, the Children's Reading Room was inaugurated for the first time in this Library. Many writers and poets came to this celebration, some straight from the front. The fascists have just been driven away from the walls of Moscow, and the management of the country's main library is renovating its most beautiful room - Rumyantsevsky, where N.P.'s book treasures have been standing in mahogany cabinets along the walls, in the openings between the windows since the move from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Rumyantsev, and upon entering the hall, the young reader immediately met the eyes of the Chancellor himself in his portrait by the artist J. Doe. In 1943, a department of children's and youth literature was created. If before the war the Library had six reading rooms, at the beginning of the war - one, then by the end of the war there were ten rooms.
In extreme wartime conditions, the Library fulfilled all its functions. When the Nazis approached Moscow, when many city residents were leaving the capital, there were 12 readers in the Library reading room on October 17, 1941.
They were served, books were selected, and delivered from the new storage room to the reading room in Pashkov House. Incendiary bombs fell on the Library building. Air raid raids forced everyone, both readers and employees, to go to the bomb shelter. And it was necessary to think about the safety of books in these conditions. Instructions on the behavior of readers and employees during an air raid are being developed and strictly followed. There were special instructions for this in the Children's Reading Room.
In the interests of readers, transfers are organized, active service for MBA readers is carried out, books are sent as gifts to the front, to the hospital library.
The library carried out intensive scientific work: scientific conferences and sessions were held, monographs were written, dissertations were defended, postgraduate studies were restored, and the work on creating a Library and Bibliographic Classification, which had begun in the pre-war years, continued. An Academic Council was assembled, which included famous scientists, including 5 academicians and corresponding members of the Academy of Sciences, writers, cultural figures, leading experts in the field of library and book science.
For outstanding services in collecting and storing book collections and serving books to the general public (in connection with the 20th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Museum Library into the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin) in the days when the war was still going on, March 29, 1945 The library was awarded the highest government award - the Order of Lenin (the only one of the libraries). At the same time she was awarded orders and medals large group Library staff.
Among the recipients is the Director of the Library, on whose shoulders fell a huge responsibility for the Library, for each employee in these extreme conditions. This is Nikolai Nikiforovich Yakovlev, who led the GBL in 1939-1943. and Vasily Grigorievich Olishev, historian, journalist, candidate of historical sciences, who from January 1941 was the head of the department of military literature, in 1941-1943. was at the front and after being seriously wounded returned to his Library. He headed it in 1943-1953.
2,600 employees worked at different times during the war at the Library. This allowed us to identify the documents of the Library Archive.
In January 1941, the Library had more than a thousand employees. In July 1941, at the very beginning of the war, there were already five times fewer of them - people went to the front, to defense enterprises, to the collective farm, and were evacuated with their children. Two hundred employees of the first, difficult months of the war.
Due to the growing volume of work in the Library itself, the directorate repeatedly, throughout the war years, raised the issue of increasing staff and increasing staff salaries to higher-level organizations. Despite the hardships of wartime, the country found an opportunity to satisfy these requests. By the end of the war, the number of Library employees exceeded 800 people.
Someone came here long before the start of the war and left the Library many years after the Victory. Some worked for less than a month, but these were days of intense work under conditions of bombing, alarming reports from the front, night shifts in hospitals, and who knows what else.
If they didn’t go on duty on the roof themselves to put out lighters, then they went to the hospital to build defensive barriers around Moscow; if others went there, then those who remained worked for two or three at their jobs. Working alongside 14 - 15 year old girls were people whose birth years were in the 60s - 90s. XIX century
The library itself was a fighter in this war. I fought with every book I wrote. The most peaceful people - librarians - carried her with them to the front in their hearts. And those remaining in Moscow extinguished their lighters. Wearing white coats, they fought for the lives of the wounded in a sponsored hospital. Taking shovels in their hands, they went to build defensive barriers on the approaches to Moscow. Women and girls, who had never held a saw or an ax in their hands, worked for months in wood harvesting. Upon mobilization, they were recalled to military production, to the collective farm, to the mines of the Moscow Region coal basin, to the construction of the metro, to work in the police... The library fought. Library employees also donated money to the defense fund for the construction of the Moscow air squadron and the Lenin Library aircraft. The gratitude of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief for this is kept in the Library Archives.
In 1944, the Book of Honor and the Board of Honor were established, where for many years photographic portraits of the best of the best were recorded.
Strict wartime discipline did not allow even a minute's delay to work. And those who worked nearby could not let their comrades down. Mutual assistance and mutual assistance meant more than in peacetime. That is why not a single name of those who worked in the Library should be forgotten.
We published a book of memoirs of those who worked in the Library during the war, “The Voice of the Past: State Order of Lenin Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin during the Great Patriotic War” (M., 1991). This was the first time. The voice of a living person sounded, bringing us closer to those days. The book resonated with the scientific community. But the main thing is that she found her reader among the librarians of today. For the 50th anniversary of the Victory, the “Book of Memory of the Russian State Library” was published (M., 1995), which contains all the information available to us today about those who worked in the Library during the war.
Today, new documents and new eyewitness accounts have been introduced into scientific circulation. The history of the Library rightfully includes a person. The result of the research work was the identification of 175 employees who left the Library for the front, of whom 44 died or went missing. The names of all these 175 employees are on the Memorial Plaque installed in the Library in the year of the 50th anniversary of the Victory. Articles are published about those who worked in the Library during the war. One of the articles is titled “The Human Face of Victory.” This is fundamental.
Work on the history of the Library during the war continues. Just as we remember the civil feat in the name of the Fatherland and culture of Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev, the feat of the heroes of 1812, so we should not forget the feat of librarians during the Great Patriotic War.
The most important areas of activity of the RSL in the post-war years were: development of a new building, technical equipment (conveyor, electric train, belt conveyor, etc.), organization of new forms of document storage and service (microfilming, photocopying), functional activities: acquisition, processing, organization and storage of funds, formation of a reference search engine, user service. Scientific, methodological and scientific work is receiving a certain development.
The construction and development of the new building took a long time. The Library management is taking a number of measures to intensify this process.
1950 - March 28, GBL director V.G. Olishev sent a letter to the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR K.E. Voroshilov with a request to assist in accelerating the construction of new GBL buildings (RSL archive, op. 220, d. 2, l. 14-17).
1950 - On October 9, the director sent a letter to the Secretary of the Central Committee and the Moscow Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, N.S. Khrushchev, in which he asked for help in intensifying the completion of the construction of new GBL buildings.
1951 - March 28 V.G. Olishev addressed the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR I.V. Stalin with a written request for help in completing the protracted construction of new GBL buildings (RSL archive, op. 221, d. 2, l. 16) .
1951 - On April 26, J.V. Stalin signed a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On the completion of the construction of the State Library of the USSR named after. V.I. Lenin, in which 1953 was indicated as the deadline for completion of construction work (RSL archive, op. 221, d.2, l.27 - 30).
1952 - On March 15, the director of the GBL V.G. Olishev sent a letter to the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks G.M. Malenkov with a request to influence construction organizations in order to oblige them to comply with the resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers dated April 26, 1951 (RSL archive, op.222, d.1, l.5)
1954 - building "G" of the GBL was mastered, 1957 - building "A".
1958-1960 - building “B” was mastered.
During these years, a number of status changes occurred.
1952 - December 30, the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the new “Charter of the State Order of V.I. Lenin Library of the USSR named after. V.I. Lenin" (GA RF, f.F-534, op.1, d.215, l. 35-40).
1953 - in April, in connection with the formation of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the disbandment of the Committee on Affairs of Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, GBL was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Committee on Affairs of Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR to the authority of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR.
Significant undertakings during this period were associated with the preparation of a union catalogue, the development of the Soviet classification, which had not only scientific, technological, but also ideological significance, and the rules of bibliographic description.
1946 - the question of creating a consolidated catalog of Russian books is raised. In 1947, the “Regulations on the Union Catalog of Russian Books of the Largest Libraries of the USSR” and the “Work Plan for the Compilation of this Catalog” were approved, a methodological council was created at the GBL from representatives of the State Library, BAN, the All-Russian Communist Party and the GBL, a sector of union catalogs was organized within the GBL processing department, work began on preparing the base for a union catalog of Russian books of the 19th century. In 1955, a consolidated catalog of Russian books 1708 - January -1825 was published. In 1962-1967 a consolidated catalog of Russian books from the civil press was published in the 16th century. in 5 t.
1952 - unified rules for describing music publications were published.
1955 - the cartography sector began to issue and distribute printed cards for maps and atlases received by the Library on a legal deposit basis.
1959 - by order of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, an editorial board was formed to publish BBK tables. During 1960 -1968 25 issues (in 30 books) of the first edition of LBC tables for scientific libraries were published. In 1965, the Board of the USSR Ministry of Culture adopted a resolution on the introduction of the first edition of the LBC into the practice of libraries, and in 1956 the First All-Union Seminar on the study of the LBC was held in Moscow. The Library began systematizing new acquisitions from the LBC and organized the second row of the catalog.
The post-war years were characterized by the growth of collections and their wide availability, which was reflected in the duration of the reading rooms’ work, and the possibility of using the Library for readers of different ages and social status. A system of reading rooms was established in the new premises. The library has intensified its mass educational work. Technical means that were new for that time were being introduced to serve users. During these years, a base for microfilming documents was prepared, and experimental microfilming was carried out.
1947 - a 50-meter vertical conveyor for transporting books came into operation, an electric train and a conveyor belt were launched to deliver requirements from the reading rooms to the book depository.
1946 - On April 18, the first reading conference in the history of the Library took place in the conference hall (“Izvestia.” 1946. April 19, p. 1)
1947 - work began on serving readers with photocopies.
1947 - a small office was organized for reading microfilms, equipped with two Soviet and one American devices.
1955 - renewal of the international subscription in GBL
1957 - 1958 - opening of reading rooms No. 1,2,3,4 in new premises.
1959-1960 - a system of industry reading rooms has been formed, auxiliary funds of scientific rooms have been transferred to an open access system. In the mid-1960s. The Library had 22 reading rooms with 2,330 seats.
Its periodical and ongoing publications were of great importance for the development of the Library as a scientific center in the field of library science and bibliographic studies.
1952 - bulletin “Scientific libraries of the USSR. Work experience", transformed into the collection "Libraries of the USSR. Work experience", since 1953 - "Soviet library science".
1957 - the publication of “Proceedings of the State Library of the USSR named after. V.I.Lenin."
During this period, the directors of the Library were: until 1953 - V.G. Olishev, 1953-1959. - P.M. Bogachev.
During this period, the status of the Library as a national book depository was strengthened. The GBL is entrusted with the function of the national coordination center for interlibrary loan (Regulations on interlibrary loan. 1969). The library has become a center for international library cooperation.
1964 - The library was transferred to the jurisdiction of the USSR Ministry of Culture (previously it was under republican subordination).
1973 - On February 6, according to the order of the USSR Minister of Culture No. 72, the new charter of the GBL was approved.
1973 - GBL was awarded the highest award in Bulgaria - the Order of Georgi Dimitrov.
1975 (February) - celebration of the 50th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Public Library into the State Library of the USSR. V.I.Lenin.
1991 - The library is one of the main organizers of the 57th IFLA session in Moscow.
In connection with the creation in the late 1950s - 1960s. national system of scientific and technical information (NTI), differentiation and coordination of library activities, “the place of GBL in the NTI system was determined by two factors: the need for universal bibliographic information due to the integrative nature of the development of modern knowledge, the need to create scientific and technical information within the national system branch subsystem for culture and art" (State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin in the library system." M.: 1989. P. 8). GBL remained the largest universal scientific library and at the same time became an industry information center.
The sectoral subsystem of information on culture and art began to take shape organizationally with the creation in GBL in 1972 (August 28) of the Information Center on Problems of Culture and Art (Informculture), which began to form a fund of unpublished documents. In the mid-1980s. The information center has been transformed into a research department for the analysis and synthesis of information on problems of culture and art (NIO Informkultura), since 2001 (April) - Scientific- Research Center on culture and art (SIC INFORMKULTURA). During the period under review, Information Culture created a network of subsystems in regional (territorial) and republican libraries of the USSR.
In connection with the coordination of the activities of the GBL with other libraries, it limits the influx of readers only to researchers and practitioners. The scope of service to party and government institutions has been expanded. At the same time, services for children and youth were stopped due to the organization of special libraries. The following events occurred in the service area.
1960s (beginning) - the opening of the reading room of the music department with 12 seats took place, in 1962 listening to sound recordings was organized in it (3 reading places with headphones), in 1969, upon moving to building “K”, a reading room with 25 seats was allocated and a room for listening to sound recordings with 8 seats, a room with a piano for playing music.
1969 - the “Regulations on a unified national interlibrary loan system in the USSR” was adopted, according to which the GBL was assigned the functions of a national coordination center.
1970 - opening of the dissertation hall in October.
1970s - the leading direction of the Library’s information activities has become servicing the governing bodies of the state. In 1971-1972 In the reference and bibliographic department, an experimental implementation of the selective dissemination of information (SDI) system was carried out. In 1972, an expert commission was formed under the GBL directorate to organize priority services.
1974 - the GBL established a new procedure for enrolling in reading rooms, limiting the influx of readers to the status of a scientist, a specialist practitioner with a higher education.
1975 - the general reading room is closed
1975 - a point for accepting orders for copying was established in GBL.
1975 - a reading room with 202 seats was opened in Khimki.
1978 - a permanent exhibition of abstracts of doctoral dissertations was organized during the pre-defense period.
1979 - the Informculture department provided the new kind services - deposit of manuscripts.
Mid-1980s - commercial exhibitions appeared.
1983 - the permanent exhibition of the Museum of Books was opened
"History of books and bookmaking in the 19th - early 20th centuries."
1984 - The University of Library and Bibliographic Knowledge was created in the Library.
1987 - the service department conducts an experiment on temporary recording without restrictions for everyone who wants to visit the Library in the summer.
1987 - “Regulations on bibliographic work of USSR libraries” was adopted.
1990s - the number of requests for legal, economic and historical literature is growing.
1990 - paid services were introduced.
1990 - the relationship was canceled - petitions from the place of work presented when registering in the Library, student registration was expanded.
In connection with the solution of new problems in organizing and storing funds, including on new media, serving readers, scientific, methodological, and research problems, the number of departments increased almost one and a half times (notation and music, technological departments, cartography, art publishing departments were created , exhibition work, Russian literature abroad, the dissertation hall, the research department of library and bibliographic classifications, the Library Museum, etc.).
1969 - the storage department began (finished in 1973) work on compiling perforated card indexes for the newspaper fund.
1975 - in the music department, for preservation purposes, the recording on magnetic tape of musical works available in the music library in a single copy, received from Germany, Sweden, and the USA, began. We began processing part of the reserve fund that arrived in the 1920s.
1976 - the recataloging of the union catalog of Russian books, which lasted 30 years, ended.
1980-1983 - LBC tables were published for regional libraries in four volumes with digital indexing.
1981 - BBK tables were awarded the State Prize and 8 GBL specialists were awarded the USSR State Prize in the field of science and technology for the development and implementation of BBK.
1983 - VNTITS began to transfer to GBL second copies of microcopies of dissertations defended since 1969. In 1984, GBL held a scientific and practical conference of Moscow libraries working with the dissertation fund.
1984 - All-Union meeting on problems of systematization and systematic catalogs, organized by GBL, took place.
1987 - The Interdepartmental Commission, headed by Glavlit of the USSR, began its work to revise publications and rearrange them into “open” funds.
1988 - The Central Library became the custodian of the Library’s only copy of publications of the state bibliography in the languages of the peoples of the USSR, accepted for storage information materials on micromedia (microfiche) and organized their use in the reading room.
1989 - the alphabetical and systematic catalogs of articles were liquidated and the subject catalog was conserved.
In the 1990s. work began on studying the restitution fund.
During this period, significant technical and technological changes occurred in the Library; it began to introduce electronic computer technology and other technical means.
1970s - in the cartography department, the development of an automated information retrieval system for cartographic publications began; development of a draft model of a bibliographic record format and a system for encoding music publications for computers began.
1972 - trial operation of the first AIBS GBL subsystems began on the Minsk-22 computer.
1974 - cartridge pneumatic mail was organized.
1981 - trial operation of the subsystem for the production of printed publications on a computer using a phototypesetting device was carried out; on this basis, the annual production of a consolidated catalog of new foreign maps and atlases received by USSR libraries began.
1986 - Registration files are transferred to microfiche and stored in the maintenance department.
1986 - SBO experimentally implemented an automated bibliographic search system into practice.
1989 - The library entered into an agreement with NPK Modem to organize teleaccess to the databases of VINITI, GPNTB, INION via a dial-up communication channel using the Robotron PC.
1990s - The library, together with the companies Adamant and ProSoft-M, is developing projects for scanning catalogs and publications. New arrivals are processed based on the MEKA system.
1990 - servicing of readers began in an automated mode using the Science Citation Index (SCI) bibliographic database based on optical CDs. During this period, the directors were: I.P. Kondakov (1959 - 1969), O.S. Chubaryan (1969-1972), N.M. Sikorsky (1972-1979), N.S. Kartashov (1979-1990), A.P. Volik (1990-1992).
In the 1990s. In connection with socio-economic and political changes in the country, significant qualitative changes are occurring in the Library, both in status and organizational terms, and in technical and technological terms. It became the Russian State Library and lost functions related to coordinating the activities of the libraries of the Union republics (in this regard, for example, in 1995, archiving of publications from the CIS countries was stopped). Its connections began to strengthen and coordination of activities with the National Library of Russia began to develop. In the first half of the 1990s. The library is experiencing financial difficulties that are hindering its development. At the same time, in the second half of the 1990s. The library is embarking on the path of informatization. In accordance with new information needs, a department of official publications, a center for literature in Eastern languages, etc. are being created. International relations are expanding.
1992 - Based on the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation dated August 2. No. 740 State Library of the USSR named after. V.I. Lenin was transformed into the Russian State Library.
1993 - the art publishing department became one of the founders of the Moscow Association of Art Libraries (MABIS).
1995 - The Library begins the project “Cultural Heritage of Russia” (“Memory of Russia”).
1996 - “Strategy for the modernization of the Russian State Library” was approved.
2000 (Sept. 13) - The RF Ministry of Culture approved the “National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections of the Russian Federation”
2001 (March 3) - the new Charter of the RSL was approved. The introduction of new information carriers and information technologies changes technological processes.
1993 - the old part of the General Systematic Catalog has been translated into micromedia.
1993 - a database is created based on Russian posters.
1994 - 1995 - The RSL stops compiling domestic patents on paper; by agreement with the VPTB, it receives a mandatory electronic version of this type of document and provides users with an SD-ROM version of the patents.
1990s (second half) - the SD-ROM fund is created in the Central Bank.
1996 - an electronic catalog of dissertations is created
1998 - the beginning of the formation of an electronic catalog of current receipts of the RSL
1999 - new fund opened backup copies microforms in Nagatino.
1999 - equipment from the Pioneer company was purchased for the music department for dubbing musical recordings in order to ensure the safety of the phono fund.
2000 - the main stage of the TACIS pilot project was completed, the results of which became an electronic catalog operating in industrial mode.
2000 (July) - the main book depository was closed for reconstruction, including the transition to new technologies.
2000-2001 - the company "Prosoft-M" created graphic images of the union catalog in electronic form. More than 500 thousand bibliographic records in MARC format have been transferred to CD-ROM.
In the area of reader services, changes are associated not only with information technology, but also with the expansion of the user base.
1993 - the Library's reading rooms, after a 20-year break, are again available to all citizens over 18 years of age.
1993 - two reading rooms were combined - for readers in the field of natural and technical sciences.
1993 - a reading room with 48 seats, called general, was opened. In 1994, the number of reading places in this hall became 208.
1994 - Informkultura provides users with databases on CDs.
1999 - the electronic catalog room was organized.
2000 - new re-registration of readers.
2000 - Service department moves to universal system reading rooms, industry auxiliary funds are combined into a single Central auxiliary fund.
2000 (June) - the issuance of books from the main repository stopped due to its reconstruction.
During this period, the directors were: I.S. Filippov (1992-1996), T.V. Ershova (1996), V.K. Egorov (1996 - 1998), since 1998 - V. IN. Fedorov.
Performers: M.Ya.Dvorkina, A.L. Divnogortsev, E.A. Popova (sector of the history of librarianship of the Research Institute of Library Science of the Russian State Library).
Many people today associate the Russian State Library with the name “Leninka”. But not everyone knows that this well-known name appeared more than 80 years ago: February 6, 1925.
Today, the Russian State Library (RSL), the largest in Europe and the second in the world after the US Library of Congress in terms of the size and significance of its collection of books, has more than 43 million collections of printed documents in 247 languages. On average, the library's reading rooms are visited daily by 5 thousand people who order more than 35 thousand documents. And through the Internet, the library’s resources in various forms are already used by several hundred clients a day.
On that day, February 6, 1925, the library of the State Rumyantsev Museum (GRM) was officially transformed into the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin (GBL), and the public library popular among Muscovites (in common parlance - Rumyantsevka) soon began to be called Leninka. This unofficial name, which has long been attached to one of the largest libraries in the world, the largest library in Europe, is called by PR technologists among the 5 most famous and “promoted” brands of Russian non-profit organizations, such as Moscow State University, the Bolshoi Theater, the Airborne Forces, the Hermitage and the Academy of Sciences.
The official history of one of the world's largest national libraries began 178 years ago and is associated with the name of Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev, the founder of the private museum he created in St. Petersburg.
For almost a century, the Library functioned as part of a museum complex, which kept the name of the Rumyantsev Museum unchanged. The library also unofficially bore the same name.
The move of the government of revolutionary Russia to Moscow in 1918, which returned the status of the capital, radically changed the life of the city and its institutions. The library gained independence. From 1925 to 1992 it was called the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin. And currently - the “Russian State Library” (RSL).
Within the walls of the library there is a collection of domestic and foreign documents, unique in its completeness and universal in content. The RSL collections contain specialized collections of maps, notes, sound recordings, rare books, publications, dissertations, newspapers, etc. There is no area of science or practical activity that is not reflected in the sources stored here.
Introduction of new technologies as one of priority areas development, enabled the library to acquire and create new information products in electronic form, providing users with new types of services. The exhibited electronic catalogs of the RSL today amount to about 1,852,000 entries.
But with the introduction of information technology to reveal the intellectual wealth of the RSL, it faced the threat of information theft. The adoption of additional measures to ensure information security was caused by the need to prevent unauthorized copying of materials provided to library readers for informational purposes.
Let's turn to history.
1827, November 3. Letter from S.P. Rumyantsev to Emperor Nicholas I: “Most Gracious Sovereign! My deceased brother, expressing to me his desire to create a Museum..."
1828, January 3. Letter from Emperor Nicholas I to S.P. Rumyantsev: “Count Sergei Petrovich! I learned with particular pleasure that, following the promptings of your zeal for the common good, you intend to transfer the Museum, famous for its precious collections, to the Government in order to make it accessible to everyone and thereby contribute to the success of public education. I express to you my goodwill and gratitude for this gift that you brought to the sciences and the Fatherland and wishing to preserve the memory of the founders of this useful institution, I ordered to call this Museum Rumyantsevsky.”
1861, June 27. The commission, consisting of N.V. Isakov, A.V. Bychkov, V.F. Odoevsky, began transferring the Rumyantsev Museum to the Ministry of Public Education and preparing to move the collection of N.P. Rumyantsev to Moscow.
1861, August 5. Reports from the director of the Imperial Public Library M. A. Korf to the Minister of the Imperial Household V. F. Aplerberg: “I have the honor to notify you, Dear Sovereign, that the delivery of houses and all property of the Rumyantsev Museum, together with the remaining amounts of this institution, to the department of the Ministry of Public Education has been completed 1 this August..."
The transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow was predetermined. In the 1850s–1860s, the movement for the creation of public libraries, museums, and educational institutions expanded in Russia. The abolition of serfdom was approaching. During these years, new enterprises and banks appeared in Moscow, and railway construction expanded. Working people and young people of all ranks poured into the Mother See. The need for a free book has increased many times over. A public library could meet this need. There was such a library in St. Petersburg. In Moscow there was a university founded in 1755 with a good library serving professors and students. There were rich bookstores and wonderful private collections. But this did not solve the issue, and many saw the need to solve it.
The Rumyantsev Museum, established in 1828 and founded in 1831 in St. Petersburg, has been part of the Imperial Public Library since 1845. The museum was in poverty. The curator of the Rumyantsev Museum V.F. Odoevsky, having lost hope of receiving funds to maintain the museum, proposed to transport the Rumyantsev collections to Moscow, where they would be in demand and preserved. Odoevsky’s note about the difficult situation of the Rumyantsev Museum, sent to the Minister of the State Household, was “accidentally” seen by the trustee of the Moscow educational district N.V. Isakov and gave it a go.
On May 23, 1861, the Committee of Ministers adopted a resolution on the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow and on the creation of the Moscow Public Museum. In 1861, the acquisition and organization of funds began. The movement of Rumyantsev collections from St. Petersburg to Moscow began.
We must pay tribute to the Moscow authorities - Governor General P. A. Guchkov and N. V. Isakov. With the support of the Minister of Public Education E.P. Kovalevsky, they invited all Muscovites to take part in the formation of the newly created, as they said then, “Museum of Sciences and Arts.” They turned for help to Moscow societies - Noble, Merchant, Meshchansky, publishing houses, and individual citizens. And Muscovites hastened to help their long-awaited library and museums. More than three hundred book and manuscript collections and individual priceless gifts were added to the fund of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums.
On July 1, 1862, Emperor Alexander II approved (“authorized”) the “Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum.” “Regulations...” became the first legal document that determined the management, structure, directions of activity, the receipt of legal deposit in the Library of Museums, and the staffing schedule of the first public Museum created in Moscow with a public library that was part of this museum.
The Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums included, in addition to the library, departments of manuscripts, rare books, Christian and Russian antiquities, departments of fine arts, ethnographic, numismatic, archaeological, and mineralogical.
The book collection of the Rumyantsev Museum became part of the book collection, and the manuscript collection became part of the manuscript collection of the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum, museums that preserved the memory of the state chancellor in their name, celebrated the days of his birth and death, and most importantly, followed the behest of N. M. Rumyantsev - serve the benefit of the Fatherland and good education.
From 1910 to 1921, the director of the Museums was Prince Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn. During a difficult turning point, Golitsyn skillfully led museums. Golitsyn was the last director of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums, the only and last director of the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum, and the first director of the post-revolutionary State Rumyantsev Museum. Under Golitsyn, the library of the Rumyantsev Museum began to receive money for the first time in 1913 to complete the collection; a new one was built Art Gallery with Ivanovo Hall; building of a new book depository; a reading room with 300 seats was built; after several years of forced stay in Historical Museum manuscripts of L. N. Tolstoy returned to the Rumyantsev Museum; Tolstoy's Cabinet was built; On the initiative and with the active participation of Vasily Dmitrievich, in 1913 the “Society of Friends of the Rumyantsev Museum” was created “with the aim of assisting the Rumyantsev Museum in the implementation of its cultural tasks.” For the first four post-revolutionary years, Golitsyn continued to fulfill his duty as director of the Rumyantsev Museum: the Museum received an increasing flow of new, less educated than before, readers, which created certain difficulties in service, and sent emissaries around the country to prevent the collections that had lost their owners from going to waste. In 1918, Golitsyn was invited to work on the Museum and Household Commission of the Mossovet, which was engaged in examining estates, personal collections, and libraries and issuing letters of safe conduct to their owners. In 1918, in accordance with the new regulations of the Rumyantsev Museum that came into force, V. D. Golitsyn became chairman of the Committee of Employees. On March 10, 1921, Golitsyn was arrested on the basis of an MCHC warrant and was soon released without charge. From May 1921 until the last day of his life, V.D. Golitsyn was the head of the art department of the State Rumyantsev Museum, then the State Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin.
By the beginning of the 1920s, the Library of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. The Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museums, since February 1917 - the State Rumyantsev Museum (SRM) was already an established cultural and scientific center.
On May 5, 1925, professor, party historian, statesman and party leader Vladimir Ivanovich Nevsky was appointed director of the State Russian Museum Library, which on February 6, 1925 was transformed into the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin. After his arrest in 1935, Elena Fedorovna Rozmirovich, a participant in the revolutionary movement and state building, was appointed director for the first time in the history of the Library. In 1939, she was transferred to the position of director of the Literary Institute, and the state and party leader, candidate of historical sciences, former director of the State Public Historical Library Nikolai Nikiforovich Yakovlev became the director of the State Library of the USSR named after V. I. Lenin.
In 1921, the Library became a state book depository.
Special mention should be made of the systematic catalogue. Until 1919, the collection of the Library of the Rumyantsev Museum was reflected in only one, alphabetical, catalogue. By this time, the volume of the fund had already exceeded a million units. The need to create a systematic catalog was discussed before, but due to lack of opportunities, the issue was postponed. In 1919, by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the State Rumyantsev Museum was allocated significant funds for its development, which made it possible to increase staff, create scientific departments, attract leading scientists to work, begin to create new Soviet tables of library and bibliographic classification, and build a systematic catalog on their basis. Thus began a huge work that required decades of work not only from the staff of the Lenin Library and other libraries, but also from many scientific institutions and scientists from various fields of knowledge.
In the 1920–1930s, the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin was a leading scientific institution. First of all, it is the largest scientific information base. There is not a scientist in the country who would not turn to this source of wisdom.
The library stands at the head of one of the important branches of science - library science.
Library Director V.I. Nevsky begins construction of a new Library building, restructures the entire work of the Library, helps publish the Trinity list of “Russian Truth” from the manuscript department, actively participates in the activities of the Academia publishing house (several volumes of the “Russian Memoirs” series published under the general editorship of Nevsky , diaries, letters and materials” on the history of literature and social thought are built on materials from the Library’s collections and are distinguished by a high scientific level and culture of publication). V. I. Nevsky and D. N. Egorov had “the general plan and general management of the implementation” of the collection “The Death of Tolstoy.” Nevsky wrote the introductory article to this collection. D.N. Egorov was repressed and died in exile. V.I. Nevsky was repressed in 1935 and executed in 1937. The director of the State Rumyantsev Museum V. D. Golitsyn (1921), historians, staff members of the Library Yu. V. Gauthier, S. V. Bakhrushin, D. N. Egorov, I. I. Ivanov-Polosin were repressed in 1929– In the 1930s they were arrested in the Academic Case. Dozens of Library employees were repressed in the 1920s and 1930s.
In the first two war years, 58% (1057 book titles) and over 20% of periodicals not received from the Book Chamber as a legal deposit were acquired. The library's management achieved the transfer of newspapers, magazines, brochures, posters, leaflets, slogans and other publications produced by Military Publishing House, political departments of the fronts and armies.
In 1942, the library had book exchange relations with 16 countries and 189 organizations. The most intensive exchanges took place with England and the USA. The second front will not open soon, in 1944, but in the incomplete first war year (July 1941 - March 1942) the Library sent 546 letters to different countries, primarily English-speaking ones, with an exchange offer, and consent was received from a number of countries. During the war years, more precisely since 1944, the issue of transferring candidate and doctoral dissertations to the Library was resolved. The fund was actively completed through the purchase of antique domestic and world literature.
During the war, when the Nazis were approaching Moscow and enemy air raids, the issue of preserving the fund acquired particular importance. On June 27, 1941, the party and government adopted a resolution “On the procedure for the removal and placement of human contingents and valuable property.” Our Library also immediately began preparing for the evacuation of its most valuable collections. Library director N.N. Yakovlev was appointed authorized by the People's Commissariat for Education for the evacuation of library and museum valuables from Moscow. About 700 thousand items (rare and especially valuable publications, manuscripts) were evacuated from Leninka. On the long journey - first to Nizhny Novgorod, then to Perm (then the city of Molotov), the selected, packaged books and manuscripts were accompanied by a group of GBL employees. All valuables were preserved, re-evacuated in 1944 and placed on the shelves of the Library’s storage rooms.
The fund was also saved by the builders who, by the beginning of the war, managed to build an 18-tier book depository made of iron and concrete for 20 million items of storage, and, of course, by the Library staff, who carried the entire fund and all catalogs from the fire-hazardous Pashkov house to the new storage facility.
In extreme wartime conditions, the library fulfilled all its functions. When the Nazis approached Moscow, when many city residents were leaving the capital, there were 12 readers in the Library reading room on October 17, 1941. They were served, books were selected, and delivered from the new storage room to the reading room in Pashkov House. Incendiary bombs fell on the library building. Air raid warnings during raids forced everyone, both readers and employees, to go to a bomb shelter. And it was necessary to think about the safety of books in these conditions. Instructions on the behavior of readers and employees during an air raid are being developed and strictly followed. There were special instructions for this in the children's reading room...
These are just some of the milestones from the history of the famous Leninka, rightfully considered a relic and treasure of Russia.
Just the facts
The library stores more than 43 million documents in 249 languages. There are about 2.5 thousand employees.
1.5 million Russian and foreign users per year.
International book exchange - with 98 countries of the world.
Every day the library registers 150–200 new readers.
During the working day, an employee of the General Systematic Catalog covers a distance of 3 kilometers and carries 180 boxes with a total weight of 540 kg. But since 2001, an electronic general systematic catalog has been in operation, so you can find the information you need without leaving your computer.
The Russian State Library is the largest public library in the country and one of the largest in the world. Just to flip through the publications stored here for a minute will take 79 years, and this is without breaks for sleep, lunch and other needs. Since 1862, all publications published in Russian must be sent to the library. Despite the fact that since 1992 the official name of the institution has been “Russian State Library,” many still call it the Lenin Library. This name can still be seen on the building's façade.
Photos of the library named after. Lenin
History of the library named after. Lenin
The library was founded in 1862, the funds were replenished both through the libraries of St. Petersburg and through the efforts of Muscovites who donated valuable manuscripts and publications. Since 1921, the library has become a national book depository. Three years later, the institution was given the name of Lenin, by which it is still widely known.
Construction of the new library building, which still houses it today, began in 1924. The authors of the project are Vladimir Gelfreich and Vladimir Shchuko. This is a magnificent example of Stalinist Empire architecture. The building with its numerous columns vaguely resembles ancient Roman temples; it is a very large-scale and beautiful structure, a real palace. A number of buildings were completed much later, in 1958.
Monument to Dostoevsky at the library named after. Lenin
In 1997, a monument to Fyodor Dostoevsky was erected near the library; the sculpture was created by Alexander Rukavishnikov. The monument does not look majestic. The writer is depicted sitting, slightly stooped, his face sad and thoughtful.
How to enroll in the Lenin Library
Lenin Library opening hours
From 9:00 to 20:00 from Monday to Friday, from 9:00 to 19:00 on Saturday, Sunday and the last Monday of the month - closed. The operating hours of each reading room are published on the library’s official website.
Where is it and how to get there
The main building of the library is located in the very heart of Moscow, next to. Directly in front of it is the Lenin Library metro station, and the Aleksandrovsky Sad, Borovitskaya and Arbatskaya stations are also nearby. Also nearby is the Alexandrovsky Sad bus and trolleybus stop.
Address: Moscow, st. Vozdvizhenka, 3/5.
Website: |
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Russian State Library |
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national scientific public library |
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Moscow, Arbat district, st. Vozdvizhenka, 3/5 |
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Founded: |
Fund composition: books, periodicals, sheet music, sound recordings, graphic publications, cartographic publications, electronic publications, scientific works |
, documents, etc. |
Fund volume: |
44.8 million units 2012) |
Mandatory copy: |
all replicated documents published in Russia |
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Access and use: |
Registration conditions: |
100 rubles, to all citizens of the Russian Federation and other countries who have reached the age of 18. Students of higher educational institutions can enroll in the RSL at any age |
Issued annually: |
15.7 million students units (2012) |
Service: |
8.4 million hits (2012) |
Number of readers: |
93.1 thousand people (2012) |
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Other information: |
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RUB 1.74 billion (2012) |
Director: |
A. I. Visly |
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Employees:
Directors
Organizational structure
Library building complex
Pashkov house
Main building
Main book depository
The international cooperation
Cultural influence
Interesting Facts(FGBU RSL) - federal state budgetary institution, national library of the Russian Federation, the largest public library in Russia and continental Europe and one of the largest libraries in the world; a leading research institution in the field of library science, bibliography and bibliology, a methodological and advisory center for Russian libraries of all systems (except for special and scientific-technical ones), a center for recommendatory bibliography.
Founded on June 19 (July 1), 1862 as part of the Moscow public Rumyantsev Museum. Since education, he has received legal copies of domestic publications. On January 24, 1924, it was renamed the Russian Library. V.I. Lenin. On February 6, 1925, it was transformed into the State Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin, since January 22, 1992 has had its modern name.
Story
The Rumyantsev Museum, established in 1828 and founded in 1831 in St. Petersburg, has been part of the Imperial Public Library since 1845. The museum was in dire straits. The curator of the Rumyantsev Museum V.F. Odoevsky proposed to transport the Rumyantsev collections to Moscow, where they would be in demand and preserved. Odoevsky’s note about the difficult situation of the Rumyantsev Museum, sent to the Minister of the State Household, was “accidentally” seen by N.V. Isakov and gave it a go.
On May 23 (June 5), 1861, the Committee of Ministers adopted a resolution on the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow and on the creation of the Moscow Public Museum. In 1861, the acquisition and organization of funds and the movement of the Rumyantsev collections from St. Petersburg to Moscow began.
A significant role in the formation of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums belonged to the St. Petersburg libraries and, above all, the Imperial Public Library, whose director M. A. Korf personally instructed V. F. Odoevsky to compile a note on the plight of the Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg and the possibility of transferring it to Moscow, and Wanting to “show a new sign of his sincere sympathy and assistance to the further success of the Moscow Public Library, he petitioned for the circulation of books to it.”
In his letter dated July 28, 1861, M. A. Korf wrote to N. V. Isakov that he “considered it an honor to be a participant in the founding of a public library in Moscow.” Following the Imperial Public Library, other libraries and organizations in St. Petersburg assisted the Library of Museums in its formation. The Russian Academy of Sciences, the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, and the Department of the General Staff helped the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and the Library in the first years of their formation.
Many volumes of Russian, foreign, first-print books from the doublets of the Imperial Public Library in boxes with registers and catalog cards were sent to the newly created library in Moscow. Doublets from the Imperial Hermitage collections transferred to the Imperial Public Library were also sent here.
With the support of the Minister of Public Education E.P. Kovalevsky, Governor-General P.A. Tuchkov and Trustee of the Moscow Educational District N.V. Isakov invited all Muscovites to take part in the formation of the newly created “Museum of Sciences and Arts.” They turned for help to Moscow societies - Noble, Merchant, Meshchansky, publishing houses, and individual citizens. Many Muscovites volunteered to help the long-awaited Library and Museums. More than 300 book and manuscript collections and individual valuable gifts were included in the collections of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums.
On June 19 (July 1), 1862, Emperor Alexander II approved the “Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum,” which became the first legal document that determined the management, structure, areas of activity, entry into the Library of Museums of a legal deposit, and the staffing table for the first time created in Moscow a public Museum with a public library that was part of this Museum.
In addition to the Library, the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums included departments of manuscripts, rare books, Christian and Russian antiquities, departments of fine arts, ethnographic, numismatic, archaeological, and mineralogical departments.
A book and manuscript fund was created on the basis of the book and manuscript collections of the Moscow and Rumyantsev museums.
In 1869, Emperor Alexander II approved the first and only until 1917 Charter of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums, and the Regulations on the staff of Museums.
In the first 56 years of the history of the Museums, the following people served here: full-time officials; persons assigned to study in Museums and assigned to the Ministry of Public Education; supernumerary officials of the 10th class; lower servants; free workers from wages; persons who worked for the benefit of the Museums free of charge. The first women appeared on the Museum staff only in 1917. Before that, they were only part of free workers and lower servants.
The full-time post of duty officer at the Reading Room was occupied by the philosopher, founder of Russian cosmism N.F. Fedorov for the last quarter of the 19th century, who saw in Museums an “experimental field” for his philosophical ideas, for the creation of a Philosophy of the common cause. He helped readers by being attentive to their requests and in conversations with them. K. E. Tsiolkovsky considered Fedorov his “university.” L.N. Tolstoy said that he was proud that he lived at the same time as N.F. Fedorov. In 1898, N. F. Fedorov submitted his resignation.
During the ministry of N. F. Fedorov, the curators of the Museum departments were: N. G. Kertselli (1870-1880 - curator of Dashkovsky ethnographic museum at the Museums; full member of many Russian scientific societies) continued the work of K. K. Hertz, curator of the collection of fine arts; G. D. Filimonov (1870-1898 - keeper of the department of Christian and Russian antiquities of the Museums, active member of many Russian and foreign scientific societies); the curator of the ethnographic cabinet, K. I. Renard, continued his work; V. F. Miller (1885-1897 - curator of the Dashkovo Ethnographic Museum, ordinary professor at Moscow University in the department of comparative linguistics and Sanskrit language), left service at the Moscow Public and Rumyatsev Museums on the occasion of his appointment to the post of director of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, ordinary academician St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1911) I. V. Tsvetaev, who worked in Museums in 1882-1910.
The custodians of the department of manuscripts and early printed books, with which the Library was especially closely connected throughout its history, were A. E. Viktorov, D. P. Lebedev, S. O. Dolgov. D. P. Lebedev in 1879-1891 was first A. E. Viktorov’s assistant in the department of manuscripts, and after Viktorov’s death he replaced him as keeper of the department.
Historian, archaeographer D.P. Lebedev made a great contribution to the disclosure and description of manuscript collections from the Museums’ fund, including the collections of his mentor and teacher A.E. Viktorov.S. O. Dolgov, historian, archaeologist, archaeographer, author of many scientific works, in 1883-1892 - assistant curator of the manuscript department.
On December 31, 1894 (January 12, 1895), the Museums received their first patron. It became Emperor Nicholas II. From the very beginning, one of the Grand Dukes became a trustee of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. Members of the imperial family were elected honorary members of the Museums. They often visited Museums, leaving entries in the Book of Honored Guests.
In 1913, the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty was celebrated. The celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums was also timed to coincide with this time. The imperial family made a great contribution to the development of the book and manuscript collections of museums.
In accordance with the highest decision, the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums began to be called Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum. In connection with the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, the State Duma, during the discussion of anniversary events, decided to create the “All-Russian folk museum", the role of which the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums were called upon to play. From the same year, the Museum Library began to receive money for the first time to complete the collection.
In February 1917, the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum was renamed State Rumyantsev Museum (SRM).
The return of the capital to Moscow in March 1918 changed the status of the State Russian Museum Library, which soon became the main library of the country.
In 1918, an interlibrary loan and a reference and bibliographic bureau were organized in the State Russian Museum Library.
In 1919, by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the State Rumyantsev Museum was allocated significant funds for its development, which made it possible to increase staff, create scientific departments, attract leading scientists to work, begin to create new Soviet tables of library and bibliographic classification, and build a systematic catalog on their basis.
By the early 1920s, the State Russian Museum Library was already an established cultural and scientific center.
In 1920, a secret department was created in the Library, access to the funds of which was limited. This department preserved books whose owners left Russia after the revolution, books by prominent scientists, writers from the “philosophical ship” of 1922, members of numerous groups and associations of cultural figures from RAPP to unions of the bourgeois intelligentsia, victims of the fight against formalism in literature and art , many repressed. In the conditions of fundamental changes in the class structure of Soviet society, ideological purges, and repressions, the Library managed to maintain a special storage fund.
In 1921, the Library became a state book depository. The library took part in the implementation of the 1918 Central Executive Committee Decree “On the Protection of Libraries and Book Depositories”, including abandoned, ownerless, nationalized book collections in its holdings. Because of this, the Library’s collection from 1 million 200 thousand items on January 1 (13), 1917, grew to 4 million items, which needed to be not only placed in insufficient space, but also processed and made available to readers.
Taking advantage of the favorable conditions provided to it as the main library of the country (Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of July 14, 1921 “On the procedure for the acquisition and distribution of foreign literature”, other resolutions), the Library works to acquire foreign literature and, above all, foreign periodicals.
The creation of the USSR and the formation of a multinational Soviet culture predetermined one of the most important directions in acquiring the Library's collection - collecting literature in all written languages of the peoples of the USSR. An Eastern department was created with a sector of literature of the peoples of the USSR, the processing of this literature was organized in a short time, an appropriate system of catalogs was created, the processing of literature and catalogs were as close as possible to the reader.
Since 1922, the Library has received two legal copies of all printed publications on the territory of the state, including promptly providing readers with not only literature in the languages of the peoples of the USSR, but also its translations into Russian.
In 1924, on the basis of the State Rumyantsev Museum, the Russian Public Library named after V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin). Since 1925 it has been called State Library of the USSR named after V. I. Lenin (GBL).
On May 3, 1932, by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Library was included in the number of research institutions of republican significance.
In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, on June 27, 1941, a resolution was adopted by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (6) and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR “On the procedure for the removal and placement of human contingents and valuable property.” The library immediately began preparations for the evacuation of its most valuable collections. Library Director N. N. Yakovlev was appointed authorized by the People's Commissariat for Education for the evacuation of library and museum valuables from Moscow. About 700 thousand items (rare and especially valuable publications, manuscripts) were evacuated from Leninka. The selected and packaged books and manuscripts, first to Nizhny Novgorod, then to Molotov, were accompanied by a group of GBL employees.
During the incomplete first war year (July 1941 - March 1942), the Library sent 546 letters offering exchange to various countries, primarily English-speaking ones, and consent was received from a number of countries.
In 1942, the Library had book exchange relations with 16 countries and 189 organizations. The most intensive exchanges took place with England and the USA.
In May 1942, in order to more fully record and bring into the proper system the most important bibliographic resources - catalogs and card files, the Library began their certification, completing it even before the end of the war. Work was underway to create a consolidated catalog of foreign publications in Moscow libraries.
In 1943, a department of children's and youth literature was created.
In 1944, the Library's holdings were re-evacuated and placed on the shelves of the Library's storage facilities. In the same year, the Book of Honor and the Board of Honor were established.
In February 1944, a department of hygiene and restoration was created in the Library with a research laboratory attached to it.
Since 1944, the issue of transferring candidate and doctoral dissertations to the Library was resolved. The fund was actively completed through the purchase of antique domestic and world literature.
On March 29, 1945, for outstanding services in collecting and storing book collections and serving books to the general public (in connection with the 20th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Museum Library into the State Library of the USSR named after V. I. Lenin), the Library was awarded the Order of Lenin. At the same time, a large group of Library employees was awarded orders and medals.
In 1946, the question of creating a consolidated catalog of Russian books was raised.
On April 18, 1946, the first reading conference in the history of the Library took place in the conference hall.
In 1947, the “Regulations on the consolidated catalog of Russian books of the largest libraries of the USSR” and the “Work plan for compiling a consolidated catalog of Russian books of the largest libraries of the USSR” were approved, and a methodological council was created at the GBL from representatives of the State Public Library. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, the Library of the Academy of Sciences, the All-Union Book Chamber and the GBL, a sector of union catalogs is being organized within the GBL processing department, work has begun on preparing a database for a union catalog of Russian books of the 19th century.
In the same year, a 50-meter vertical conveyor for transporting books came into operation, an electric train and a conveyor belt were launched to deliver requests from the reading rooms to the book depository. Work has begun to serve readers with photocopies. To read microfilms, a small office was set up, equipped with two Soviet and one American machines.
On December 30, 1952, the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the new “Charter of the State Order of V. I. Lenin Library of the USSR named after. V.I. Lenin."
In April 1953, in connection with the formation of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the disbandment of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Library was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR to the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR.
In 1955, the cartography sector began to produce and distribute printed cards for legal deposit maps and atlases received by the Library. In the same year, the international subscription was renewed.
In 1956, the First All-Union Seminar on the study of LBC was held in Moscow. The Library began systematizing new acquisitions from the LBC and organized the second row of the catalog.
In 1957-1958, reading rooms No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 were opened in new premises.
In 1959, by order of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, an editorial board was formed to publish LBC tables. During 1960-1968, 25 issues (in 30 books) of the first edition of LBC tables for scientific libraries were published.
In 1959-1960, a system of industrial reading rooms was formed, and the auxiliary funds of scientific rooms were transferred to an open access system. In the mid-1960s, the Library had 22 reading rooms with 2,330 seats.
In 1962-1967, a consolidated catalog of Russian civil press books of the 18th century was published in 5 volumes.
In 1964, the Library was transferred to the jurisdiction of the USSR Ministry of Culture.
On February 6, 1973, according to the order of the USSR Minister of Culture No. 72, a new charter of the GBL was approved.
In 1973, the V.I. Lenin Library was awarded the highest award in Bulgaria - the Order of Georgiy Dimitrov.
In February 1975, the 50th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Public Library into the State Library of the USSR named after. V.I. Lenin.
In 1991, the Library became one of the main organizers of the LVII session of IFLA in Moscow.
On January 22, 1992, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the GBL was transformed into Russian State Library. However, above the main entrance to the Library there is still a slab with the old name. To this day, the Library bears the unofficial name “Leninka”.
In 1993, the art publishing department became one of the founders of the Moscow Association of Art Libraries (MABIS).
In 1995, the Library began the project “Cultural Heritage of Russia” (“Memory of Russia”).
In 1996, the “Strategy for the Modernization of the Russian State Library” was approved.
On March 3, 2001, a new Charter of the RSL was approved. The introduction of new information carriers and information technologies changes technological processes.
Employees:
- 1910-1921 - Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn
- 1921-1924 - Anatoly Kornelievich Vinogradov
- 1924-1924 - at the head of the temporary commission Dmitry Nikolaevich Egorov
- 1924-1935 - Vladimir Ivanovich Nevsky
- 1935-1939 - Rozmirovich Elena Fedorovna
- 1939-1943 - Nikolai Nikiforovich Yakovlev
- 1943-1953 - Vasily Grigorievich Olishev
- 1953-1959 - Pavel Mikhailovich Bogachev
- 1959-1969 - Ivan Petrovich Kondakov
- 1969-1972 - Ogan Stepanovich Chubaryan
- 1972-1979 - Nikolai Mikhailovich Sikorsky
- 1979-1990 - Nikolai Semenovich Kartashov
- 1990-1992 - Anatoly Petrovich Volik
- 1992-1996 - Igor Svyatoslavovich Filippov
- 1996 - Tatyana Viktorovna Ershova
- 1996-1998 - Vladimir Konstantinovich Egorov
- 1998-2009 - Viktor Vasilievich Fedorov
- since 2009 - Alexander Ivanovich Visly
Directors
Fund system management (FSM):
- Fixed assets storage department (FB);
- Acquisition department Russian literature(OOK);
- Department of Acquisition of Foreign Literature (OIC);
- Department for Acquisition of Network Remote Resources (RNR);
- Department of Exchange and Reserve Funds (ERF);
Office of Specialized Departments (USD):
- Art Publishing Department (IZO);
- Department of Cartographic Publications (KGR);
- Microform Department (OMF);
- Department of Music Publishing and Sound Recordings (MZ);
- Research Department of Rare Books (Museum of Books) (MK);
- Scientific Research Department of Manuscripts (NIOR);
- Department of Military Literature (OVL);
- Department of Literature of Russian Abroad and Publications of DSP (RZ);
- Department of Official and Regulatory Publications (OFN);
- Department of Literature in Library Science, Bibliography and Book Science (OBL);
- Electronic Library Department (ELD);
- Center for Oriental Literature (CEL);
Department for the Khimki complex (UHC):
- Newspaper Department (OG);
- Dissertation Department (OD);
Directory system management (USC):
- Cataloging Department (OCD);
- Preliminary Cataloging Department (PCD);
- Department of organization and use of catalogs (ORK);
Office of Automation and Library Technologies (UABT):
- Department for Support of Automated Information Library Systems (ALS);
- Research Department for the Development of Computer Technologies and Linguistic Support (RKT);
- Research Department for support of machine-readable data formats (FMD);
- Technological department (TO);
Information Resources Department (IR):
- Department “National Electronic Library” (NEL);
- Support department electronic libraries(OPEB);
- Scanning Department (USC);
- Scanning quality control department (QC);
- Department for the Development and Use of Cognitive Technologies (RICT);
Information Technology Department (IT):
- Department of Computer Systems Research (ICS);
- Department of technical support for access to electronic resources (OPD);
- Internet Technology Support Department (ITS);
- Software Support Department (SSDO);
- Research Center for the Development of Library and Bibliographic Classification (SRC BBK);
- Department library services(OBS);
- Department for the Use of Electronic Resources (ER);
- Department of reference and bibliographic services (SBO);
- Center for IBA and Document Delivery (CADD);
- Research Department of Library Science (RBD);
- Scientific Research Department of Book Science (RCD);
- Bibliography Research Department (RBD);
- Scientific Research Center for Culture and Art (SRC KI);
- Department of Organization of Exhibition Works (OVR);
- Department of Interlibrary Cooperation with Libraries of Russia and CIS Countries (MBRS);
- Department of Foreign Library Science and International Library Relations (IBC);
- Training Center for Postgraduate and Additional Professional Education of Specialists (UC);
Editorial and Publishing Department of Periodicals (RIOPI);
Editorial Board of the magazine “Eastern Collection” (ZhVK);
Department of Material and Technical Support (UMTO):
- Research Center for Conservation and Restoration of Documents (SRCDC);
- Printing Department (PD);
- Microphotocopying Department (OMF);
- Logistics Department (LMTS);
- Customs Clearance Sector (CCS).
Organizational structure
Library building complex
In 1861, the Pashkov House was transferred to store the collections and library of the Rumyantsev Museum. In 1921, due to the entry into the museum after the revolution of more than 400 personal libraries requisitioned by the Soviet government, all departments of the museum were removed from Pashkov's house. There remained a library in it, which was later transformed into the Public Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin. The building was dedicated to the department of rare manuscripts. In 1988-2007, Pashkov House was not used due to renovations carried out there.
Pashkov house
With the transformation of the Library of the State Rumyantsev Museum into the State Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin’s huge number of book receipts and high status required innovations. First of all, expansion of areas. In 1926, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR recognized "the existing building of the Lenin Library as inappropriate for its work and significance."
In 1927-1929, a competition for the best project was held in three stages. Preference was given to the project of architects V. G. Gelfreich and V. A. Shchuko, despite the fact that they did not participate in the competition. Their work was appreciated by the director of the Library V. I. Nevsky.
V.I. Nevsky ensured that the authorities decided on the need for construction. He also laid the first stone in the foundation of the new building. It became the standard of the “Stalinist Empire style”. The authors combined Soviet monumentalism and neoclassical forms. The building harmoniously fits into the architectural surroundings - the Kremlin, Moscow University, Manezh, Pashkov House.
The building is lavishly decorated. Between the pylons of the facade there are bronze bas-reliefs depicting scientists, philosophers, writers: Archimedes, Copernicus, Galileo, I. Newton, M. V. Lomonosov, C. Darwin, A. S. Pushkin, N. V. Gogol. The sculptural frieze above the main portico was made mainly according to the drawings of academician of architecture and theater artist V. A. Shchuko. M. G. Manizer, N. took part in the design of the Library. V. Krandievskaya, V. I. Mukhina, S. V. Evseev, V. V. Lishev. The conference hall was designed by the architect A.F. Khryakov.
Limestone and solemn black granite were used for cladding the facades, and marble, bronze, and oak wall panels for the interiors.
On May 15, 1935, one of the first Moscow metro stations, called the Lenin Library, was opened in the immediate vicinity of the Library.
In 1957-1958, the construction of buildings “A” and “B” was completed. The war prevented all work from being completed on time. The construction and development of the library complex, which included several buildings, lasted until 1960.
In 2003, an advertising structure in the form of the Uralsib company logo was installed on the roof of the building. In May 2012, the structure, which became “one of the dominant features of the appearance of the historical center of Moscow,” was dismantled.
Main building
At the end of the 1930s, a 19-tier book depository was built with a total area of almost 85,000 m². A lattice mesh is laid between the storey tiers, allowing the building to withstand the full weight of millions of books.
Development of the new book depository began in 1941. The building, designed for 20 million storage units, was not completely completed. There was a war going on, and the issue of evacuation of library collections came up. The Library management appealed to the government with a request to authorize the early movement of books from the fire-hazardous Pashkov House (many wooden floors) to a new reinforced concrete building. Permission was received. The move lasted 90 days.
In 1997, the Russian Ministry of Finance allocated a French investment loan in the amount of $10 million for the reconstruction of the RSL. The literature was not removed from the storage facility anywhere. A staged system was in effect. The books were moved to other tiers, stacked and covered with a special fireproof cloth. As soon as work on a given site was completed, they returned to the site.
Over the course of several years, radical changes took place in the book depository building: power equipment and electric lighting were replaced; air handling units, refrigeration units and exhaust units were installed and launched; implemented modern system fire extinguishing and a local computer network was laid. The work was carried out without removing funds.
In 1999, an advertising structure in the form of the Samsung logo was installed on the roof of the building. On January 9, 2013, the structure, which had become “one of the dominant features of the appearance of the historical center of Moscow,” was dismantled.
Library collections
The collection of the Russian State Library originates from the collection of N.P. Rumyantsev, which included more than 28 thousand books, 710 manuscripts, and more than 1000 maps.
The “Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum” stated that the director is obliged to ensure that the Library of Museums includes all literature published on the territory of the Russian Empire. Thus, since 1862, the Library began to receive legal deposit. Until 1917, 80% of the fund came from legal deposit receipts. Donations and donations have become the most important source of replenishment of the fund.
A year and a half after the founding of the Museums, the Library’s fund amounted to 100 thousand items. And on January 1 (13), 1917, the Library of the Rumyantsev Museum had 1 million 200 thousand items of storage.
At the time of the start of the work of the Interdepartmental Commission, headed by Glavlit of the USSR, to revise publications and rearrange them from special storage departments to “open” funds in 1987, the fund of the special storage department totaled about 27 thousand domestic books, 250 thousand foreign books, 572 thousand. issues of foreign magazines, about 8.5 thousand annual sets of foreign newspapers.
As of January 1, 2013, the volume of the RSL funds was 44.8 million accounting units; the funds included 18 million books, 13.1 million issues of magazines, 697.2 thousand annual sets of newspapers in 367 languages, 374 thousand units of notes, 152.4 thousand maps, 1.3 million units of isographics, 1, 1 million units of sheet text publications, 2.3 million units of special types of technical publications, 1038.8 thousand dissertations, 579.6 thousand units of archival and manuscript materials, 11.9 thousand unpublished materials on culture and art, 37.4 thousand audiovisual documents, 3.3 million rolls of microfilms, 41.7 thousand electronic documents.
In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 1994 No. 77-FZ “On the Legal Copy of Documents,” the Russian State Library receives a legal hard copy of all replicated documents published on the territory of the Russian Federation.
The central fixed fund contains more than 29 million storage units: books, magazines, ongoing publications, documents for official use. It is the basic collection in the subsystem of the main document collections of the RSL. The fund was formed on the basis of the collection principle. Of particular value are more than 200 private book collections of domestic figures of science, culture, education, outstanding bibliophiles and collectors of Russia.
The Central Reference and Bibliographic Fund contains more than 300 thousand items. The content of the documents included in it is universal in nature. The fund contains a significant collection of abstract, bibliographic and reference publications in Russian, languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign languages (with the exception of Eastern ones). The collection widely includes retrospective bibliographic indexes, dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books, and guidebooks.
The Central Auxiliary Fund collects and quickly makes available to readers in open access the most popular printed publications in Russian, published by the central publishing houses of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The fund has a large collection of scientific, reference and educational literature. In addition to books, it includes magazines, brochures, and newspapers.
The RSL Electronic Library is a collection of electronic copies of valuable and most requested publications from the RSL collections, from external sources and documents originally created in electronic form. The volume of the fund at the beginning of 2013 is about 900 thousand documents and is constantly being replenished. The full range of resources is available in the reading rooms of the RSL. Access to documents is provided in accordance with Part IV Civil Code Russian Federation.
The RSL electronic library contains open access resources that can be freely read on the Internet from anywhere globe, and limited access resources that can only be read within the walls of the RSL, from any reading room.
There are about 600 Virtual Reading Rooms (VRR) operating in Russia and the CIS countries. They are in national and regional libraries, as well as in the libraries of universities and other educational institutions. VChZ provide the opportunity to access and work with RSL documents, including restricted access resources. Provides this functionality software DefView is the predecessor of the more modern Vivaldi digital library network.
The Manuscript Fund is a universal collection of written and graphic manuscripts on different languages, including Old Russian, Ancient Greek, Latin. It contains handwritten books, archival collections and funds, personal (family, ancestral) archives. Documents, the earliest of which date back to the 6th century AD. e., made on paper, parchment, and other specific materials. The fund contains the rarest handwritten books: the Archangel Gospel (1092), the Khitrovo Gospel (late 14th - early 15th centuries), etc.
The fund of rare and valuable publications includes more than 300 thousand items. It includes printed publications in Russian and foreign languages that correspond to certain social and value parameters - uniqueness, priority, memoriality, collectibility. The fund, according to the content of the documents included in it, is universal in nature. It presents printed books from the mid-16th century, Russian periodicals, including Moskovskie Vedomosti (since 1756), publications by the pioneer Slavic printers Sh. Fiol, F. Skorina, I. Fedorov and P. Mstislavets, collections of incunabula and paleotypes , first editions of the works of G. Bruno, Dante, R. G. de Clavijo, N. Copernicus, archives of N. V. Gogol, I. S. Turgenev, A. P. Chekhov, A. A. Blok, M. A. Bulgakova and others.
The dissertation fund includes domestic doctoral and master's theses in all branches of knowledge, except medicine and pharmacy. The collection contains author's copies of dissertations from 1951-2010, as well as microforms of dissertations made to replace the originals from the 1940s-1950s. The fund is retained as part cultural heritage Russia.
The newspaper fund, which includes more than 670 thousand items, is one of the largest meetings in Russia and the post-Soviet space. It includes domestic and foreign newspapers published since the 18th century. The most valuable part of the fund are Russian pre-revolutionary newspapers and publications from the first years of Soviet power.
The military literature fund contains more than 614 thousand items. It includes printed and electronic publications in Russian and foreign languages. Wartime documents are presented - front-line newspapers, posters, leaflets, the texts for which were composed by the classics of Soviet literature I. G. Erenburg, S. V. Mikhalkov, S. Ya. Marshak, M. V. Isakovsky.
The fund of literature in oriental languages (countries of Asia and Africa) includes domestic and the most scientifically and practically significant foreign publications in 224 languages, reflecting the diversity of topics, genres, and types of printing design. The sections of the socio-political and humanities are most fully represented in the fund. It includes books, magazines, ongoing publications, newspapers, and speech recordings.
A specialized fund of current periodicals has been formed to quickly serve readers with current periodicals. Doublet copies of Russian periodicals are in the public domain. The fund contains domestic and foreign magazines, as well as the most popular central and Moscow newspapers in Russian. Upon expiration of the established period, the journals are transferred for permanent storage to the Central Fixed Fund.
Collection of fine art publications, numbering about 1.5 million copies. This collection includes posters and prints, engravings and popular prints, reproductions and postcards, photographs and graphic materials. The Foundation introduces in detail the personal collections of famous collectors, including portraits, bookplates, and works of applied graphics.
The fund of cartographic publications numbers about 250 thousand items. This specialized collection, including atlases, maps, plans, map diagrams and globes, provides material on topics, types of publications of this kind and forms of presentation of cartographic information.
The fund of musical publications and sound recordings (more than 400 thousand storage units) is one of the largest collections, representing all the most significant in the world repertoire, starting from the 16th century. The music fund contains both original documents and copies. It also includes documents on electronic media. The sound recording fund contains shellac and vinyl records, cassettes, tapes of domestic manufacturers, CDs, DVDs.
The fund of official and regulatory publications is a specialized collection of official documents and publications of international organizations, government bodies and management of the Russian Federation and individual foreign countries, official regulatory and production documents, and Rosstat publications. The total volume of the fund exceeds 2 million storage units, presented in paper and electronic forms, as well as on other micro-media.
The collection of Russian literature abroad, numbering more than 700 thousand items, contains works by authors from all waves of emigration. Its most valuable component is the collection of newspapers published in the lands occupied by the White Army during the Civil War; others were published in the occupied territories of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The fund stores the works of figures of the domestic human rights movement.
The fund of network remote resources includes more than 180 thousand items. It includes resources of other organizations located on remote servers to which the library provides permanent or temporary access. In terms of the content of the documents included in the fund, it is universal in nature.
The collection of publications on optical compact discs (CD and DVD) is one of the youngest collections of RSL documents. The fund includes more than 8 thousand storage units of various types and purposes. Includes text, audio and multimedia documents that are original publications or electronic analogues of printed publications. The content of the documents included in it is universal in nature.
The Literature Fund on Library Science, Bibliography and Book Science is the world's largest specialized collection of this kind of publications. It also includes language dictionaries, encyclopedias and general reference books, literature on related fields of knowledge. 170 thousand documents available to the fund cover the period from the 18th century to the present. Publications from the Russian State Library are included in a separate collection.
The stock of microform working copies contains about 3 million storage units. It includes microforms of publications in Russian and foreign languages. Partially presented are microforms of newspapers and dissertations, as well as publications that do not have paper equivalents, but meet such parameters as value, uniqueness, and high demand.
The intrastate book exchange fund, which is part of the subsystem of exchange funds of the Russian State Library, has more than 60 thousand items. These are doublet and non-core documents excluded from the fixed assets - books, brochures, periodicals in Russian and foreign languages. The fund is intended for redistribution through gift, equivalent exchange and sale.
The fund of unpublished documents and deposited scientific works on culture and art includes more than 15 thousand storage units. It includes deposited scientific works and unpublished documents - reviews, abstracts, references, bibliographic lists, methodological and methodological-bibliographic materials, scripts for holidays and mass performances, materials of conferences and meetings. The foundation's documents are of great industry-wide significance.
Library service
As of January 1, 2013, the Library’s information resources were used by about 93.1 thousand readers, to whom up to 15.7 million documents were issued annually. Every year the RSL is visited by 1.5 million Russian and foreign users, 7 thousand visitors per day. Their information services are provided in 38 reading rooms with 1,746 seats (499 of which are computerized). The Library's websites were visited by 7.4 million users in 2012.
Reference and search engine
The Russian State Library has an extensive system of card catalogs and card indexes.
The General Systematic Catalog (GSK) contains systematized information about books and brochures on universal topics published in the 16th-20th centuries (before 1961). Its electronic version is available on the local network from five computers in the GSK premises.
The Central Catalog System (CSS) of the Library is designed for independent work by readers when searching for information about the holdings of the RSL. CSK includes the following directories:
2) alphabetical catalog of books in Russian from 1980 to 2002;
4) alphabetical catalog of books in foreign European languages from the 18th century to 1979;
5) an alphabetical catalog of books in foreign European languages from 1980 to 2002 editions, which is also a consolidated catalog reflecting information about the holdings of the largest libraries in Russia and some foreign countries;
6) a consolidated alphabetical catalog of books in foreign European languages from 1940 to 1979 editions, reflecting information on the holdings of the largest libraries of the Russian Federation (except for the holdings of the Russian State Library) and some foreign countries;
7) an alphabetical catalog of periodicals and ongoing publications in Russian, reflecting information about the RSL collection from the 18th century to 2009.
8) an alphabetical catalog of periodicals and ongoing publications in foreign European languages, reflecting information about the RSL collection from the 19th century to 2009.
9) a systematic catalog of books, reflecting information about books published in Russian and foreign European languages from 1980 to 2012.
10) a systematic catalog of books, reflecting information about publications in the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation (except Russian), Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Moldavian, Ukrainian and Estonian.
Alphabetical and systematic catalogs of specialized fund-holding departments reflect the RSL fund according to certain species documents, media and topics. Catalogs are managed by specialized departments and are located on the territory of the relevant departments.
The unified electronic catalog (EC) of the RSL contains bibliographic records for all types of documents, including articles published in Russian and other languages in various media and in different chronological periods.
Research activities
The Russian State Library is a scientific center in the field of library science, bibliography and bibliology. RSL scientists are implementing such projects as: “Memory of Russia”, “Identification, registration and protection of book monuments of the Russian Federation”, “Coordinated acquisition of Russian library collections with Russian documents”, “National Fund of Official Documents”.
The development of theoretical and methodological foundations of library science and the preparation of regulatory and methodological documents in the field of librarianship are underway.
In the research department of bibliography, the creation of bibliographic products (indexes, reviews, databases) of a national, scientific-auxiliary, professional-industrial, recommendatory nature is carried out, issues of theory, history, methodology, organization, technology and methodology of bibliography are developed.
The Library conducts interdisciplinary research into aspects of the history of book culture. The tasks of the research department of books and reading include analytical support for the activities of the RSL as an instrument of state information policy, the development of cultural principles and methods for identifying especially valuable books and other documents, the introduction of relevant recommendations into the practice of the RSL and the development of projects and programs for disclosing the RSL funds.
Research and practical work is being carried out in the field of conservation and restoration of library documents, conservation of library documents, surveys of storage facilities, consulting and methodological work.
The library has a training center for postgraduate and additional professional education of specialists, carrying out educational activities in accordance with the license of the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science No. 0010 dated May 29, 2012. The center has a postgraduate course that trains personnel in the specialty 05.25.03 - Library science, bibliography and bibliology. There is a Dissertation Council for awarding the academic degree of candidate and doctor of pedagogical sciences in the specialty 05.25.03 - Library science, bibliographic science and bibliology. The dissertation council is allowed to accept dissertations for defense in a given scientific specialty in historical and pedagogical sciences.
Library publications
The library publishes a number of scientific special publications:
- "Library in an era of change", an interdisciplinary digest. Prints materials on philosophical, cultural, information aspects of librarianship, as well as global processes influencing it.
- "Library Science", a scientific and practical journal about librarianship in the space of information culture. Founded in 1952 under the name “Libraries of the USSR. Work experience." Since 1967, the journal was called “Libraries of the USSR”, in 1973 it was transformed into the periodical “Soviet Library Science”, and since 1993 it has had its modern name. The magazine is addressed to library and information workers, librarians, bibliologists, teachers, graduate students, students of universities and colleges of culture and arts, universities, bibliophiles, etc.
- "Librarianship - XXI century", scientific and practical collection, supplement to the journal “Library Science”. Contains mainly applied materials on the work of libraries in Russia and abroad, analytical materials on current issues of library science, and introduces new information resources.
- "Bulletin of the Eurasian Library Assembly", scientific and practical journal of BAE and the Russian State Library. Founded in 1993 under the name “Newsletter of the Eurasian Library Assembly”, since 2000 it has been published under its modern name. Prints materials on intercultural and interlibrary relations in the CIS countries, libraries in the multicultural sphere, relations between Eurasianism and world cultures, national libraries, library informatization, library science and practice, etc.
- "Eastern Collection", quarterly popular science illustrated magazine. Published since 1999. It publishes cultural, historical and religious studies articles and essays, archival documents, travel essays, reviews of Internet resources, represents museum collections, book collections and individual publications, including those from the collections of the Russian State Library.
- "Book in the space of culture", scientific and practical collection, annual supplement to the journal “Library Science”. Contains materials on the history of book culture, the art of books, libraries, bibliophiles and collectors, book collections, contemporary problems of book publishing, etc.
- "Media library and the world", a joint project of the Russian State Library, the French Embassy in Russia, the Mediatheque of the French Cultural Center in Moscow, the journals “Library Science” and “Buetin de Bibliothèques de France”, dedicated to the introduction of new information and communication technologies into the practice of libraries, ensuring access to information for all segments of the population two countries, the characteristics of information and communication technologies at the stage of building the information society.
- "News from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions", a scientific and practical publication dedicated to the activities of IFLA.
- "Observatory of Culture", scientific information and analytical magazine about cultural life in Russia and the world.
- “Protection of cultural heritage: problems and solutions. ICOMOS materials", a scientific and information collection published jointly with the Russian ICOMOS Committee and the UNESCO Chair for the Conservation of Urban and Architectural Monuments.
Main book depository
The Russian State Library is a member of many international and Russian library associations. The library carries out book exchange relations with 545 partners in 62 countries, annually holds international conferences, symposiums, and meetings on topical issues in the development of library activities in modern world, information activities of scientific libraries and information centers.
Since 1956, the Library has been the depositary library of UNESCO publications. Since 1982, it has participated in the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centers. In 1992, the RSL became one of the co-founders of the Eurasian Library Assembly and became its headquarters. In 1996, an agreement on partnership and cooperation between the RSL and the Russian National Library (RNL) was approved. At the same time, the first meeting of the Cooperation Council took place. Since the same year, the Library has been participating in the Conference of European National Libraries. Since December 1, 1997, the Library has been a member of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.
In 2006, by decision of the Council of Heads of Government of the CIS, the Library was given the status of the basic organization of the CIS member states for cooperation in the field of librarianship. September 1, 2009 RSL, RNL and Presidential Library. B. N. Yeltsin signed a Memorandum of Cooperation.
Awards
- Order of Lenin (March 29, 1945) - for outstanding services in collecting and storing book collections and serving books to the broad masses of the population.
- Order of Georgiy Dimitrov (1973).
- In 2008, the staff of the Russian State Library was awarded the “Symbol of Science” medal.
- Gratitude from the President of the Russian Federation (December 28, 2009) - for his great contribution to the restoration and preservation of unique publications of Russian history and culture.
The international cooperation
- In the film “Moscow Doesn’t Believe in Tears” (dir. V.V. Menshov, 1979), the heroine of I. Muravyova, Lyuda Sviridova, visited Leninka in search of a promising groom.
- In the film “Phantom” (dir. Chris Gorak, 2011), a large military group of people who survived an alien attack is based in the Library building.
- The Library as a location appears in the games Metro 2033 and Metro: Last Light (Faction Pack only). According to the plot, this is one of the most dangerous places in the City. The book describes Metro 2033 as the best preserved building in Moscow.
- The total length of the RSL bookshelves is about 275 km, exceeding the length of all lines of the Moscow Metro.
- The Library's collections are stored in premises the size of 9 football fields.
- A quick, minute look at each of the copies of the RSL storage will take 79 years without sleep or rest.
- Passengers of 4 trains can work simultaneously in the reading rooms and computerized areas of the Library.
- To transport the Library's computer park, 25 trucks will be needed.
