Interesting facts about violins. Violin: history, video, interesting facts, listen

The most important part of a modern symphony orchestra. Perhaps no other instrument has such a combination of beauty, expressiveness of sound and technical agility.

In an orchestra, the violin performs various and multifaceted functions. Very often, due to their exceptional melodiousness, violins are used for melodic “singing”, to convey the main musical idea. The magnificent melodic capabilities of violins were discovered by composers long ago, and were firmly established in this role already among the classics of the 18th century.

Violin names in other languages:

• violino(Italian);
• violon(French);
• violine or geige(German);
• violin or fiddle(English).

The most famous violin makers include such personalities as Antonio Stradivari, Niccolo Amati And Giuseppe Guarneri.

Origin, history of the violin

It has folk origin. The ancestors of the violin were Arabic, Spanish fidel, German company, the merger of which formed.

The forms of the violin were established by the 16th century. Famous violin makers, the Amati family, date back to this century and the beginning of the 17th century. Their instruments are beautifully shaped and made of excellent materials. In general, Italy was famous for the production of violins, among which Stradivarius and Guarneri violins are currently extremely highly valued.

The violin has been a solo instrument since the 17th century. The first works for violin are considered to be: “Romanesca per violino solo e basso” by Marini from Brescia (1620) and “Capriccio stravagante” by his contemporary Farina. A. Corelli is considered the founder of artistic violin playing; followed by Torelli, Tartini, Pietro Locatelli (1693-1764), a student of Corelli, who developed a bravura technique of violin playing.

The violin acquired its modern appearance in the 16th century and became widespread in the 17th century.

Violin structure

The violin has four strings tuned in fifths: g, d,a,e (small octave G, D, A of the first octave, E of the second octave).

Violin range from g (S of the small octave) to a (A of the fourth octave) and higher.

Violin tone thick in the low register, soft in the middle and brilliant in the upper register.

Violin body It has an oval shape with rounded notches on the sides forming a “waist”. The roundness of the external contours and waist lines ensures comfortable playing, particularly in high registers.

Upper and lower body decks connected to each other by shells. The back is made of maple, and the top is made of Tyrolean spruce. They both have a convex shape, forming “arches”. The geometry of the vaults, as well as their thickness, to one degree or another determine the strength and timbre of the sound.

Another important factor affecting the timbre of a violin is the height of the sides.

Two resonator holes are made in the upper soundboard - f-holes (in shape they resemble the Latin letter f).

In the middle of the top soundboard there is a stand through which the strings pass, attached to the tailpiece (underneck). Tailpiece It is a strip of ebony, widening towards the fastening of the strings. Its opposite end is narrow, with a thick vein string in the form of a loop, it is connected to a button located on the shell. Stand also affects the timbre of the instrument. It has been experimentally established that even a small shift of the stand leads to a significant change in timbre (when shifted downwards, the sound is duller, upwards - more shrill).

Inside the body of the violin, between the upper and lower soundboards, a round pin made of resonant spruce is inserted - dushka (from the word “soul”). This part transmits vibrations from the top to the bottom, providing resonance.

Violin neck- a long plate made of ebony or plastic. The lower part of the neck is attached to a rounded and polished bar, the so-called neck. Also, the strength and timbre of the sound of bowed instruments is greatly influenced by the material from which they are made and the composition of the varnish.

Violin playing technique, techniques

The strings are pressed with four fingers of the left hand to the fingerboard (thumb excluded). The strings are drawn with a bow held in the player's right hand.

Pressing the finger against the fingerboard shortens the string, thereby increasing the pitch of the string. Strings that are not pressed with a finger are called open and are designated zero.

Violin part written in treble clef.

Violin range- from G of the small octave to the fourth octave. Higher sounds are difficult.

From half-pressing the strings in certain places, harmonics. Some harmonic sounds go further in pitch than the violin range indicated above.

Putting the fingers of the left hand is called fingering. The index finger is called the first, the middle finger is the second, the ring finger is the third, and the little finger is the fourth. Position is called the fingering of four adjacent fingers, spaced one tone or semitone apart. Each string can have seven or more positions. The higher the position, the more difficult it is. On each string, excluding fifths, they go mainly only up to the fifth position inclusive; but on the fifth or first string, and sometimes on the second, higher positions are used - from the sixth to the twelfth.

Methods of bowing have a great influence on the character, strength, timbre of sound, and indeed on phrasing in general.

On a violin, you can normally play two notes simultaneously on adjacent strings ( double strings), in exceptional cases - three (strong bow pressure is required), and not simultaneously, but very quickly - three ( triple strings) and four. Such combinations, mainly harmonic, are easier to perform with empty strings and more difficult without them and are usually used in solo works.

The orchestral technique is very common tremolo- rapid alternation of two sounds or repetition of the same sound, creating the effect of trembling, trembling, flickering.

Reception Kol Leno(col legno), meaning the blow of the bow shaft on the string, causes a knocking, deathly sound, which is also used with great success by composers in symphonic music.

In addition to playing with a bow, they use one of the fingers of the right hand to touch the strings - pizzicato(pizzicato).

To weaken or muffle the sound, use mute- a metal, rubber, rubber, bone or wooden plate with recesses in the lower part for strings, which is attached to the top of the stand or filly.

It is easier to play the violin in those keys that allow the greatest use of empty strings. The most convenient passages are those that are composed of scales or their parts, as well as arpeggios of natural keys.

It is difficult to become a violinist in adulthood (but possible!), since finger sensitivity and muscle memory are very important for these musicians. The sensitivity of an adult's fingers is much less than that of a young person, and muscle memory takes longer to develop. It is best to learn to play the violin from the age of five, six or seven, perhaps even from an earlier age.

Famous violinists

• Arcangelo Corelli
• Antonio Vivaldi
• Giuseppe Tartini
• Jean-Marie Leclerc
• Giovanni Batista Viotti
• Ivan Evstafievich Khandoshkin
• Niccolo Paganini
• Ludwig Spohr
• Charles-Auguste Beriot
• Henri Vietang
• Alexey Fedorovich Lvov
• Henryk Wieniawski
• Pablo Sarasate
• Ferdinand Laub
• Joseph Joachim
• Leopold Auer
• Eugene Ysaye
• Fritz Kreisler
• Jacques Thibault
• Oleg Kagan
• George Enescu
• Miron Polyakin
• Mikhail Erdenko
• Jascha Heifetz
• David Oistrakh
• Yehudi Menuhin
• Leonid Kogan
• Henrik Schering
• Yulian Sitkovetsky
• Mikhail Vaiman
• Victor Tretyakov
• Gidon Kremer
• Maxim Vengerov
• Janos Bihari
• Andrew Manze
• Pinchas Zuckerman
• Itzhak Perlman

Video: Violin on video + sound

Thanks to these videos, you can get acquainted with the instrument, watch a real game on it, listen to its sound, and feel the specifics of the technique:

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Irina Morozova
Thematic lesson on music “The History of a Little Violin”

« HISTORY OF THE LITTLE VIOLIN»

(Thematic lesson)

Goals and objectives:

Expand your horizons, tesarius, develop creative abilities, learn to distinguish sounds violins. To develop children's imagination when depicting various characters, to encourage them to search for expressive movements.

Material:

"Pipe and Drum" I. Chukash, "Children's Encyclopedia. Music from A to Z» E. Finkelstein, "Riddles about tools" P. Sinyavsky, violin and bow, video film "Making violins» , video recorder, props violin, grasshopper and bee costumes, song « Little grasshopper» sl. S. Kozlova, music. M. Sutyagina, phonograms ( "Caprice" N. Paganini, "Winter" from the cycle "Seasons" A. Vivaldi)

Progress of the lesson.

Children enter the hall and take their seats.

Musical director(M.R.) Guess the riddle.

Smooth bow movements

The strings make you tremble.

The motive murmurs from afar,

Sings about a moonlit evening.

How clear the sounds are overflowing,

There is joy and a smile in them.

It sounds like a dreamy tune

His name...

Children Violin.

M.R. Today we will talk about violin. (Shows violin and bow) Look how beautiful she is violin. She has a beautiful "figure"- a body with a long graceful neck, which ends in a head with pegs and a curl. (Looking at the children violin) The top side of the body, called the top, is made of spruce, and the bottom side, the back, is made of maple. There are slots on the top soundboard; they are called f-holes, as they are made in the shape of the Latin letter f. Between the f-holes there is a stand that supports the strings. If you look into the f-hole slots, you will see under the right side of the stand small stick, connecting both decks. That's what it is "soul" violins, that’s what she’s called – darling. What are these main parts for? violins?Pegs hold four strings: E string, A string, D string and G string. They are called that because they are tuned to these sounds. Turning the pegs violinist tuning strings. The strings are stretched over the fingerboard. Violinist presses them with the fingers of his left hand - this is how he changes the length of the string, obtaining either lower or higher sounds. Now you see how complex the design is violins endowed with a wonderful voice. Violin considered quite young musical instrument, but it took a lot of time to create its modern form. The bow with which violinist makes the strings sound, originally had an arched shape. Exactly like a bow, only the hair was not pulled tight. However, using such a bow was still not very convenient. AND violin The craftsmen had to work hard to create its modern design. The bow reed is made from Brazilian fernambuco wood. The hair, usually made from white horsehair, is stretched between the head and the block of the cane. The length of the bow is 75 cm, and the weight is approximately 60 g. The bow should be light in order to musician could handle it easily. We don't know the name of the first one violin maker, but I will tell you the names of famous schools violin makers. The most famous of them took shape in northern Italy - in Bresci (Gaspar da Salo and Giovanni Magini, in Cremona (Amati, Stradivarius, Guarneri, Bergonzi). Now we'll see how they do it violin master.

Watching video material "Making violins»

M.R. If you pass the bow along the strings, you will immediately hear an extraordinary sound. Listen!

The phonogram sounds "CAPRIS" N. Paganini

M.R. Best of all violin played by Niccolo Paganini. He lived a long time ago. This man had an unusually developed musical hearing and had unusually flexible fingers. He not only played violin, but also composed music for your favorite instrument. We heard it now. There were wonderful ones in our country too violinists are L. Kogan, D. Oistrakh. (Shows portraits violinists) . Ensembles are known all over the world violinists"Vivaldi", "Moscow Virtuosi". Now I want to invite you to listen to them perform an excerpt from violin concerto A. Vivaldi "Seasons"

The phonogram sounds "WINTER" A. Vivaldi ( "Seasons").

M.R. Now we will listen to a poem by E. Ognetsvet « Violin»

Baby Green Grasshopper

Plays on violin,

The butterflies listened

Birds and fish.

Let the first violin

They will give it to me too

Where is the ringing secret?

In every string.

I will start studying

And next summer

Together with the grasshopper

I'll play a duet.

Dramatizing a song « SMALL GRASSHOPPER» sl. S. Kozlova, music. M. Sutyagina (Appendix No. 2)

M.R. Finally, I want to ask you one more riddle.

Carved in the forest

Smoothly written out

Sings, bursts into song.

What is the name of?

Children Violin.

APPLICATION:

Small The grasshopper slept until noon.

From noon to evening played the violin.

An important bee flew in and sat down.

Started to listen to the little musician.

Golden circle of light and warmth

Over the green meadow the music floated.

The music sounded, and, forgetting things,

The important bee shook its head.

And the grasshopper the little one played the violin,

It was as if he was handing out a handful of happiness to everyone.

Didn't scream, didn't cry, didn't say a word,

On the green led the violin with a blade of grass.

Publications on the topic:

Scenario of the New Year's party for the preparatory group "New Year's story with a small Christmas tree" Scenario of the New Year's party for the preparatory group Roles: Adults: Presenter, Baba Yaga, Ded Moro, Snow Maiden, Children: hedgehog, bunny,.

Title: Integrated direct educational activities on music education in the senior group of the kindergarten “7 flowers.

Integrated music lesson Music director of MADOU Kindergarten No. 2 “Firefly” Manuilenko V.V. Educational area:.

The story of the little violin. The story of the little violin. Program task: To increase children's knowledge about the violin. (Where did its design come from); continue acquaintance.

Comprehensive thematic planning “History of the Fatherland” was prepared by Kuznetsova Marina Rafailievna - music director, Egorova.

Musical instrument: Violin

The violin is one of the most refined and sophisticated musical instruments, with a charming melodious timbre very similar to the human voice, but at the same time very expressive and virtuosic. It is no coincidence that the violin is given the role of “ orchestra queens».

The voice of a violin is similar to a human one; the verbs “sings” and “cries” are often used to describe it. It can bring tears of joy and sadness. The violinist plays on the strings of the soul of his listeners, acting through the strings of his powerful assistant. There is a belief that the sounds of a violin stop time and take you to another dimension.

History violins and read many interesting facts about this musical instrument on our page.

Sound

Expressive singing of the violin can convey the thoughts of the composer and the feelings of the characters operas And ballet more accurate and complete than all other tools. Juicy, soulful, elegant and assertive at the same time, the sound of the violin is the basis of any work where at least one of this instruments is used.

The timbre of the sound is determined by the quality of the instrument, the skill of the performer and the choice of strings. The bass ones are distinguished by a thick, rich, slightly strict and harsh sound. The middle strings have a soft, soulful sound, as if velvety, matte. The upper register sounds bright, sunny, ringing. The musical instrument and the performer have the ability to modify these sounds, add variety and an additional palette.

Photo:

Interesting Facts

• Athira Krishna from India in 2003 played the violin continuously for 32 hours as part of the Trivandrum festival, as a result of which he entered the Guinness Book of Records.
• Playing the violin burns about 170 calories per hour.
• Inventor of roller skates, Joseph Merlin, Belgian manufacturer of musical instruments. To introduce a new product, skates with metal wheels, he entered a costume ball in London in 1760, while playing the violin. The audience enthusiastically greeted the graceful gliding across the parquet to the accompaniment of a beautiful instrument. Inspired by success, the 25-year-old inventor began to spin faster, and at full speed crashed into an expensive mirror, breaking it into pieces, a violin and seriously injuring himself. There were no brakes on his skates then.

• In January 2007, the United States decided to conduct an experiment in which one of the brightest violin music performers, Joshua Bell, took part. The virtuoso went down to the subway and, like an ordinary street musician, played the Stradivarius violin for 45 minutes. Unfortunately, I had to admit that passers-by were not particularly interested in the brilliant playing of the violinist; everyone was driven on by the bustle of the big city. Only seven out of a thousand who passed during this time paid attention to the famous musician and another 20 threw money.In total, $32 was earned during this time. Joshua Bell's concerts typically sell out, with an average ticket price of $100.
• The largest ensemble of young violinists gathered at the stadium in Changhua (Taiwan) in 2011 and consisted of 4,645 school students aged 7 to 15 years.
• Until 1750, violin strings were made from sheep intestines. The method was first proposed by the Italians.
• The first work for violin was created at the end of 1620 by the composer Marini. It was called “Romanesca per violino solo e basso.”
• Violinists and violin makers often try to create tiny instruments. So, in the south of China in the city of Guangzhou, a mini-violin was made, only 1 cm long. It took the master 7 years to complete this creation. Scotsman David Edwards, who played in the national orchestra, made a violin 1.5 cm long. Eric Meisner in 1973 created an instrument with a melodic sound 4.1 cm long.

• There are craftsmen in the world who make stone violins that are not inferior in sound to their wooden counterparts. In Sweden, sculptor Lars Wiedenfalk, while decorating the facade of a building with diabase blocks, came up with the idea to make a violin from this stone, because surprisingly melodic sounds came out from under the chisel and hammer. He named his stone fiddle "Blackbird". The product turned out to be surprisingly jewelry-the thickness of the walls of the resonator box does not exceed 2.5 mm, the weight of the violin is 2 kg. In the Czech Republic, Jan Roerich made instruments from marble.
• When writing the famous “Mona Lisa,” Leonardo da Vinci invited musicians to play strings, including the violin. At the same time, the music was different in character and timbre. Many consider the ambiguity of Gioconda’s smile (“the smile of either an angel or the devil”) to be a consequence of the variety of musical accompaniment.
• The violin stimulates the brain. This fact has been confirmed more than once by famous scientists who knew how and enjoyed playing the violin. For example, Einstein played this instrument masterfully from the age of six. Even the famous Sherlock Holmes (collective image) always used its sounds when he was thinking about a complex problem.

• Caprices are considered one of the most difficult pieces to perform. Nicolo Paganini and his other compositions, concerts Brahms , Tchaikovsky , Sibelius . And also the most mystical work - “ Devil's Sonata "(1713) G. Tartini, who was himself a virtuoso violinist,
• Guarneri and Stradivarius violins are considered the most valuable in monetary terms. The highest price was paid for a Guarneri violin "Vieutang" in 2010. It was sold at auction in Chicago for $18,000,000. The most expensive Stradivarius violin is considered to be the “Lady Blunt”, and it was sold for almost 16 million dollars in 2011.
• The largest violin in the world was created in Germany. Its length is 4.2 meters, width 1.4 meters, bow length 5.2 meters. It is played by three people. This unique creation was created by craftsmen from Vogtland. This musical instrument is a scale copy of Johann Georg II Schonfelder's violin, which was made at the end of the eighteenth century.
• A violin bow usually has 150-200 hairs, which can be made of horsehair or nylon.
• The price of some bows reaches tens of thousands of dollars at auctions. The most expensive bow is considered to be the work of master François Xavier Tourte, which is estimated at approximately $200,000.
• Vanessa Mae is recognized as the youngest violinist to record violin concertos by Tchaikovsky And Beethoven at the age of 13. Vanessa-Mae made her debut with the London Philharmonic Orchestra at the age of 10 in 1989. At the age of 11, she became the youngest student at the Royal College of Music.

• Episode from the opera " The Tale of Tsar Saltan » Rimsky-Korsakov “Flight of the Bumblebee” is technically difficult to perform and is played at high speed. Violinists all over the world organize competitions to see how fast they can perform this piece. So in 2007, D. Garrett entered the Guinness Book of Records, performing it in 1 minute and 6.56 seconds. Since then, many performers have been trying to overtake him and get the title of “the fastest violinist in the world.” Some were able to perform this piece faster, but at the same time it greatly lost in quality. For example, the Discovery channel considers the British Ben Lee, who performed “Flight of the Bumblebee” in 58.51 seconds, not only the fastest violinist, but also the fastest person in the world.

Popular works for violin

Camille Saint-Saëns - Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso (listen)

Antonio Vivaldi: "The Seasons" - Summer Storm (listen)

Antonio Bazzini - "Round Dance of the Dwarves" (listen)

P.I. Tchaikovsky - "Waltz-Scherzo" (listen)

Jules Masne - "Meditation" (listen)

Maurice Ravel - "Gypsy" (listen)

I.S. Bach - "Chaconne" from partita d minor (listen)

Application and repertoire of the violin

Thanks to its varied timbre, the violin is used to convey different moods and characters. In a modern symphony orchestra, these instruments occupy almost a third of the composition. The violins in the orchestra are divided into 2 groups: one plays the upper voice or melody, the other plays the lower voice or accompanies. They are called first and second violins.

This musical instrument sounds great both in chamber ensembles and in solo performance. The violin easily harmonizes with wind instruments, piano and other strings. The most common of the ensembles is the string quartet, which includes 2 violins, cello And alto . A huge number of works from different eras and styles were written for the quartet.

Almost all brilliant composers paid attention to the violin; they composed concertos for violin and orchestra Mozart , Vivaldi, Chaikovsky , Brahms, Dvorak , Khachaturian, Mendelssohn, Saint-Saens , Kreisler, Wieniawski and many others. The violin was also trusted with solo parts in concerts for several instruments. For example, at Bach is a concerto for violin, oboe and string ensemble, and Beethoven wrote a triple concerto for violin, cello, piano and orchestra.

In the 20th century, the violin began to be used in various modern styles of music. The earliest mentions of the use of the violin as a solo instrument in jazz are documented in the first decades of the 20th century. One of the first jazz violinists was Joe Venuti, who performed with famous guitarist Eddie Lang.

The violin is assembled from more than 70 different wooden parts, but the main difficulty in manufacturing lies in the bending and processing of the wood. One piece can contain up to 6 different types of wood, and the craftsmen constantly experimented, using new options - poplar, pear, acacia, walnut. The best material is considered to be wood that grew in the mountains, due to its resistance to changes in temperature and moisture. Strings are made of veins, silk or metal. Most often the master makes:

1. Resonant spruce top.
2. Neck, back, scroll made of maple.
3. Hoops made of coniferous, alder, linden, mahogany.
4. Coniferous patches.
5. Ebony neck.
6. Chinrest, pegs, button, rest made of boxwood, ebony or rosewood.

Sometimes the master uses other types of wood or changes the options presented above at his discretion. The classical orchestral violin has 4 strings: from the “basque” (G of the small octave) to the “fifth” (E of the second octave). Some models may add a fifth alto string.

Different schools of craftsmen are identified by klotz, hoops and curls. The curl especially stands out. It can be figuratively called “the author’s painting.”

The varnish with which wooden parts are coated is of considerable importance. It gives the product a shade ranging from golden to very dark with a reddish or brown tint. The varnish determines how long the instrument will “live” and whether its sound will remain unchanged.

Do you know that the violin is shrouded in many legends and myths? Even at the music school, children are told an old legend about the Cremonese master and wizard. For a long time they tried to unravel the secret of the sound of the instruments of famous Italian masters. It is believed that the answer lies in a special coating - varnish, which was even washed off a Stradivarius violin to prove this, but all in vain.

The violin is usually played with a bow, except for pizzicato, which is performed by plucking the string. The bow has a wooden base and horsehair stretched tightly over it, which is rubbed with rosin before playing. It is usually 75 cm long and weighs 60 grams.

Currently, you can find several types of this instrument - a wooden (acoustic) and an electric violin, the sound of which we hear thanks to a special amplifier. One thing remains unchanged - the amazingly soft, melodious and mesmerizing sound of this musical instrument with its beauty and melody.

Dimensions

In addition to the standard full-size whole violin (4/4), there are smaller instruments available for children to learn. The violin “grows” with the student. They begin training with the smallest violins (1/32, 1/16, 1/8), the length of which is 32-43 cm.

Dimensions of a complete violin: length - 60 cm. Body length - 35.5 cm, weight about 300 - 400 grams.

Techniques for playing the violin

The violin vibration is famous, which penetrates the soul of listeners with a rich wave of sound. The musician can only slightly raise and lower the sounds, introducing even greater variety and breadth of the sound palette into the musical range. The glissando technique is also known; this manner of playing allows the use of the absence of frets on the fingerboard.

By not pressing the string too hard, just touching it, the violinist produces original cold, whistling sounds, reminiscent of the sound of a flute (flajolet). There are harmonics that involve 2 fingers of the performer, placed a fourth or fifth from each other; they are especially difficult to perform. The highest category of skill is considered to be the performance of harmonics at a fast pace.

Violinists also use the following interesting playing techniques:

• Col Legno - striking the strings with a bow with a cane. This technique is used in "Dance of Death" by Saint-Saëns to simulate the sound of dancing skeletons.
• Sul ponticello - playing with a bow on a stand gives an ominous, hissing sound characteristic of negative characters.
• Sul tasto - playing with a bow on the fretboard. Produces a gentle, ethereal sound.
• Ricochet - performed by throwing the bow onto the string with a free rebound.

Another technique is to use a mute. This is a comb made of wood or metal that reduces string vibration. Thanks to the mute, the violin produces soft, muffled sounds. A similar technique is often used to perform lyrical, emotional moments.

On the violin you can play double notes, chords, and perform polyphonic works, but most often its many-sided voice is used for solo parts, since the huge variety of sounds and their shades is its main advantage.

The history of the violin

Until recently, it was generally accepted that the ancestor of the violin viola , however, it has been proven that these are two completely different tools. Their development in the XIV-XV centuries proceeded in parallel. If the viola belonged to the aristocratic class, then the violin came from the people. It was mainly played by peasants, traveling artists, and minstrels.

This unusually diverse sounding instrument can be called its predecessors: the Indian lyre, the Polish violin (rebeka), the Russian violin, the Arab rebab, the British mole, the Kazakh kobyz, and the Spanish fidel. All of these instruments could be the progenitors of the violin, since each of them served as the origin of the string family and endowed them with its own merits.

The introduction of the violin into high society and its inclusion as an aristocratic instrument began in 1560, when Charles IX ordered 24 violins from the string maker Amati for his palace musicians. One of them has survived to this day. This is the oldest violin in the world, it is called “Charles IX”.

The creation of violins in the form in which we see them now is disputed by two houses: Andrea Amati and Gasparo de Solo. Some sources claim that the palm should be given to Gasparo Bertolotti (Amati's teacher), whose musical instruments were later perfected by the house of Amati. All that is known for certain is that this happened in Italy in the 16th century. Their successors a little later were Guarneri and Stradivari, who slightly increased the size of the violin body and made larger holes (f-holes) for a more powerful sound of the instrument.

At the end of the 17th century, the British tried to add frets to the design of the violin and created a school for teaching how to play a similar instrument. However, due to a significant loss in sound, this idea was quickly abandoned. The most ardent supporters of the free style of playing with a clean fingerboard were virtuoso violinists: Paganini, Lolli, Tartini and most composers, especially Vivaldi.

Violin

Project of additional education teacher Lizneva E.A. MBOU DOD DSHI No. 12 Samara 2014. Interesting facts about the violin Violin Where did the violin come from It is impossible to establish exactly who invented the violin, but it is known for certain that the best examples of this amazingly beautiful sounding instrument were made in the 17th and 18th centuries. In Italy there were entire famous families of violin makers. The secrets of violin making were carefully guarded and passed down from generation to generation. The most famous family of violin makers was the Amati family from the Italian city of Cremona. For a long time it was believed that no one else could create a violin with such amazing and rare melody and tenderness. But Nicolo Amati had a talented student, Antonio Stradivari, who, without exaggeration, was called the master of masters. He created a violin that was somewhat larger and flatter than those that existed before him. But the most important thing is that he managed to bring the sound of the instrument closer to the timbre of the human voice. It is known that Stradivari created more than 1000 instruments. Many of them were named after the musicians who played them. Only 540 Stradivarius violins have survived to this day, each of which is highly valued and considered an outstanding work of art. Violin by Antonio Stradivari The history of music knows many famous violinists. The unsurpassed violinist of all times was Nicolo Paganini, who lived in the first half of the 19th century. In the symphony orchestra, more than a third of the musicians are violinists. This is explained by the fact that the violin occupies a leading place in the orchestra due to the beauty and expressiveness of its sound. Interesting facts about the violin There is a legend that Leonardo da Vinci ordered that music performed by strings be played there the entire time that Gioconda was posing in his studio. Her smile was a reflection of the music playing. In many countries, the clergy took up arms against good violinists - even in quiet Norway they were considered accomplices of dark forces, and Norwegian folk violins were burned like witches. Norwegian Hardingfelle Violin Most Expensive Violin The violin, made by the famous Italian master Giuseppe Guarneri, was sold in July 2010 at an auction in Chicago for $18 million and is the most expensive musical instrument in the world. The violin was made in 1741 in the 19th century and belonged to the famous violinist Henri Vietang. The smallest violins In 1973, Eric Meissner made a violin with a height of only 4.1 cm. Despite its small size, the violin produces pleasant sounds. David Edwards, who once played violin in the Scottish National Orchestra, made the 1.5cm high violin, the smallest in the world. Violins sometimes serve artists as a kind of canvas. Julia Borden has been painting violins and cellos for several years. Before painting a violin, the artist needs to remove the strings and prepare the surface for painting. Amazing, whimsical, vibrant creations of Julia Borden are unique and attract the attention of viewers. Swedish sculptor Lars Wiedenfalk constructed the Blackbird violin from stone. It was made according to the drawings of Stradivarius, and the material was black diabase. The violin sounds no worse than many wooden ones and weighs only 2 kg, since the thickness of the stone walls of the resonator box is no more than 2.5 mm. It is worth noting that the “Blackbird” is not the only such instrument in the world - violins are made from marble by the Czech Jan Roerich. Among Mozart's works there is an unusual duet for two violins. The musicians must face each other and place the sheet of music between them. Each violin plays a different part, but both parts are written on the same page. The violinists start reading notes from different ends of the sheet, then meet in the middle and move away from each other again, and as a whole a beautiful melody is created. Einstein loved to play the violin and once took part in a charity concert in Germany. Admired by his playing, a local journalist recognized the name of the “artist” and the next day published a note in the newspaper about the performance of the great musician, the incomparable virtuoso violinist, Albert Einstein. He kept this note for himself and proudly showed it to his friends, saying that he was in fact a famous violinist, and not a scientist. One of the best violinists, American Joshua Bell, agreed to take part in an experiment on January 12, 2007 - in the morning for 45 minutes he played in the lobby of a metro station under the guise of an ordinary street musician. Of the thousand people who passed by, only seven were interested in music. Music by N. Paganini (Spanish Leonid Kogan) Sonata No. 1 for violin and guitar in A major, op. 2 No. 1: Minuet. Adagio The presentation uses materials from Wikipedia, sites en.wikipedia.org missjacobsonsmusic.blogspot.ru ru.wikipedia.org www.washingtonpost.com www.terra-2.ru www.rate1.com www.kulturologia.ru http://samoe -samaya.ru http://sitefaktov.ru

A report on the violin for children in grade 5 will briefly tell you a lot of useful information about this folk musical instrument.

Message about the violin

Violin- a high-register stringed musical instrument. It is of folk origin, acquired its modern appearance in the 16th century, and became widespread in the 17th century.

The violin is an exquisite and sophisticated musical instrument. It is not for nothing that she was given the role of queen of the orchestra.

History of the violin for children

Violin of folk origin: its ancestors were the Spanish fidel , Arab Rebab and German Rota . The fusion of these instruments led to the appearance of the violin.

In the middle of the 16th century, the modern violin design developed in northern Italy. Until the beginning of the 17th century, violin making was carried out by the Amati family in Italy. The instruments were distinguished by excellent material and excellent shape. In general, Italy has firmly taken a leading position in the production of high-quality violins. At one time, they were practiced by Guarneri and Stradivari, whose instruments are today valued at the highest level.

It became a solo instrument in the 17th century. The first works written for her were “Romanesca per violino solo e basso” (Marini from Brescia 1620) and “Capriccio stravagante” (Farin). The founder of the artistic playing of the queen of the orchestra was A. Corelli, then Torelli, Tartini, Pietro Locatelli.

Description of the violin

The instrument has 4 strings, which are tuned in fifths - G of the small octave, D, A of the first octave, E of the second octave, respectively. It consists of the following parts:

• Frame. It is oval in shape with rounded notches on the sides, forming the so-called “waist” of the violin. This roundness ensures comfortable playing. The lower and upper parts of the body (deck) are connected by shells. The lower part is made of maple, and the upper part is made of Tyrolean spruce. The top deck has 2 resonator holes (f-holes), which affect the sound timbre. In the middle of the upper part there is a stand with strings mounted on a tailpiece made of a strip of ebony. It expands in the direction where the strings are attached. Inside the resonant spruce body there is a round pin inserted, a darling. It provides resonance for sound vibrations.
• Grif. This is a long piece of ebony or plastic. Its lower part is attached to a polished and rounded bar - the neck.

The composition of the varnish with which it is coated and the material of manufacture also influence the sound of the instrument.

The sound of a violin

The violin produces an elegant and assertive sound. The sound timbre depends on the quality of the instrument, the choice of strings and the skill of the performer. Bass strings produce a rich, thick, harsh and austere sound. The middle strings sound soulful, soft, velvety. The upper register of the strings sounds sunny, ringing and bright. The performer of the works can modify the sounds, introducing his own palette of sounds.

• In 2003, Athira Krishna from India entered the Guinness Book of Records by playing the violin continuously for 32 hours.
• Playing an instrument burns 170 calories per hour.
• Until 1750, strings were made from sheep intestines.
• The tool stimulates the brain.
• The smallest violin in the world, 1 cm long, was created in the city of Guangzhou (southern China).

We hope that the report on the violin for children helped you prepare for the lesson, and you learned many interesting facts about it. You can leave your short story about the violin using the comment form below.