In his work, Nekrasov does not shy away from using a rich picture of images in his works, the largest of which belongs to the disclosure of female images. He observes the female characters, studies them, trying not to be limited to any class and level, especially the nobility. The creative situation in Nekrasov's works is created with the help of the finest intuition and the author's unique poetic imagination, which penetrate into the very soul of a peasant woman, a Decembrist's wife, and even a fallen woman. Nekrasov very sensitively experiences cases of injustice that fall to the lot of the then Russian woman, and it does not matter what place she occupies in society: the highest, or she is subordinate, or does not have it at all. Nekrasov is well aware of the truth that if a simple woman from the people suffers from overwork, then a noble lady also does not have any freedoms, she is obliged to follow the written and unwritten laws established in her circle.
The heroines of Nekrasov are selfless, strong women who are capable of self-sacrifice for the sake of those they love.
Princess Trubetskaya is the brightest female image of Nekrasov. Princess Trubetskaya in the work is an example of nobility, steadfastness and self-denial. Accustomed to secular splendor, luxury and prosperity, she renounces all these blessings in order to follow her Decembrist husband, exiled to Siberia. The deceitful, stupid high society has become for her a “masquerade”, a “impudent triumph of rubbish”, where hypocrisy reigns, and the men in it are a bunch of “Judes”. Trubetskaya despises men from secular society, whose vanity and pride did not allow them to share the fate of the Decembrists, to sacrifice their benefits for the sake of freedom, justice and happiness.
Princess Trubetskaya exchanges the vanity of the secular world "for the feat of selfless love." She, just like her husband, wants to suffer for freedom and for the fate of the Russian people, who moan like barge haulers on the banks of the Volga.
Princess Trubetskaya is doomed to injustice, her fate is unhappy, predetermined by the society in which she lives. Nekrasov prescribes a miserable, miserable existence for her. And neither beauty nor a strong, cheerful disposition will help her change her heavy female lot.
Already at the beginning of the work, Trubetskaya says goodbye to her father. She is not happy about parting, but she cannot give up her duty - to be close to her husband. She has already made up her mind and is ready for all the difficulties that she will face. In Irkutsk, she is met by the governor, who also tries to dissuade her. He uses all the tricks and opportunities that he owns, but Trubetskaya is adamant. First, the governor tries to dissuade the princess from the trip through family feelings, he claims that her departure simply killed her father. But Trubetskaya says that she loves her father, but the duty of marriage for her is “higher and holy.” The governor is trying to frighten the woman with terrible Siberian conditions for life, and that if she loses courage in such conditions, this will further weaken and upset her husband. But Trubetskaya replies "... I will not bring tears." The governor is trying to draw a vivid parallel between the cheerful secular life and the dark, unattractive prison. But Trubetskaya replies that she has no place in such a society without her husband. And even life with other convicts without a title and proper relations does not frighten Trubetskaya. The governor is struck by the inflexibility, fearlessness, determination of the woman, and surrenders, giving the order to harness the horses.
The image of Princess Trubetskoy sings of the wonderful features of Russian women, their great willpower, devotion, pride and self-esteem.
See also:
- The image of Princess Volkonskaya in Nekrasov's poem "Russian Women"
- "Russian Women", a summary of the chapters of Nekrasov's poem
- "Russian Women" - an essay based on the poem by Nekrasov
- “Stuffy! Without happiness and will…”, analysis of Nekrasov’s poem
1) The history of the creation of the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Russian women".
In the 70s of the XIX century, another social upsurge is planned in Russia. Many Russian writers and poets respond to this social movement and write their own literary works, in the center of which are social problems. So, N.A. Nekrasov addresses the theme of the exploits of the wives of the Decembrists, who followed their husbands to Siberia and thereby lost their social and material position in society. In 1872-1873 two parts of N.A. Nekrasov "Russian Women" ("Princess Trubetskaya" and "Princess M.N. Volkonskaya"). In this poem, N.A. Nekrasov sings of a woman from a noble circle.
2) Features of the genre. The work of N.A. Nekrasov "Russian Women" belongs to the genre of the poem. The poem is a large form of lyroepic poetry; a large poetic work with a narrative or lyrical plot, based on a combination of the narrative characteristics of characters, events and their disclosure through the perception and evaluation of the lyrical hero, narrator.
3) Features of the plot of the 1st part of the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Russian Women" (Princess Trubetskaya).
How does this part of the poem begin? (from the description of the "wonderfully well-coordinated carriage" and the experiences of the count-father sending his daughter to Siberia)
How does Princess Trubetskaya explain her departure? (“But the duty is different, and higher and more difficult, calls me ...”)
What does the daughter ask of her father? (blessings on a long journey) What feeling in the father, according to Princess Trubetskoy, should the daughter's act cause? (sense of pride)
4) Features of the narrative in the poem. The main part of the 1st part of the poem (Princess Trubetskoy) is built in the form of a dialogue between Princess Trubetskoy and the governor, who is trying to persuade the princess to return home.
How long did Princess Trubetskaya spend on the road before meeting with the governor? (almost two months)
How on. Nekrasov shows that the path of the princess is really very difficult? (The poet uses a juxtaposition technique: the princess’s companion was so tired that he fell seriously ill, and Princess Trubetskaya continued on her way alone.)
Why did the governor personally meet the princess? (The governor received a paper with a request to return the princess back home by any means.)
What arguments does the governor give, saying that the princess should immediately return home? (The governor gives many arguments: both the fact that the daughter’s departure killed the count-father; and the fact that where she is going is “eight months of winter”; and the fact that hard labor is a terrible life, etc.)
Why does Princess Trubetskaya refuse all the governor's arguments? (“But the duty is different, and higher and holy, calls me ...”)
Who is morally more steadfast in this dialogue? (princess)
Why do you think N.A. Nekrasov chooses the form of dialogue for his poem? (through dialogue, the inner world of the characters, their experiences, feelings are better revealed)
What is the ending of this part of the poem? (The governor is aware of the moral superiority of Princess Trubetskoy and promises to take her to the place in three days, even if he is removed from his post for this.)
5) The theme of Nekrasov's poem. The poem "Russian Women" N.A. Nekrasov - about the courageous and noble feat of the wives of the first Russian revolutionaries-Decembrists, who, despite all the difficulties and hardships, followed their husbands into exile, to distant Siberia, to the harsh uninhabited places of their imprisonment. They renounced wealth, the comforts of habitual life, all civil rights and doomed themselves to the plight of exiles, to painful and painful living conditions. In these trials, the strength of their characters, determination and courage were manifested. The best spiritual qualities - willpower, the ability to love, fidelity - these are the qualities inherent in the heroines of N.A. Nekrasov "Russian women". The entire Nekrasov poem "Russian Women" consists of two parts: the first is dedicated to Princess Trubetskoy, and the second to Princess Volkonskaya.
6) Characteristics of the heroes of the poem.
The image of Princess Trubetskoy.
Princess E.I. Trubetskaya is one of the wives of the Decembrists who followed their husbands. Nekrasov shows Princess Trubetskaya as if from the outside, draws the external difficulties that she encountered on her way. No wonder the central place in this part is occupied by the scene with the governor, frightening the princess with the hardships awaiting her:
Sharp hard breadcrumbs
And life locked up
Shame, horror, labor
Step by step...
All the governor's arguments about the hardships of life in Siberia become shallow and lose their force before the courage of the heroine, her ardent readiness to be true to her duty. Serving a higher goal, fulfilling a holy duty for it is above all purely personal:
But I know: love for the motherland
My rival...
The replacement of the original name "Decembrists" with "Russian Women" emphasized that heroism, fortitude, moral beauty are inherent in Russian women from time immemorial. Nekrasov showed that the image of the "stately Slav" does not belong to one social stratum. This type of women is universal, it can be found both in a peasant's hut and in a high society living room, since its main component is spiritual beauty. Princess Trubetskaya in Nekrasov is a generalized image, like the images of other wives of the Decembrists. Nekrasov endows them with the traits of that heroic selflessness, that decisive fighting character, examples of which he saw in the best people of his time.
Who does N.A. choose? Nekrasov as the main character for his poem? (female noblewoman)
What character traits does Princess Trubetskaya have? (purposefulness, perseverance, fortitude, etc.)
Why do you think N.A. Nekrasov calls his poem "Russian Women"? (The main thing for the poet in the poem is to show the feat not just of a representative of the noble class, but of a Russian woman.)
In the poem, N. A. Nekrasov tells about the difficult journey of Princess Trubetskoy to Siberia and her heroic opposition to the Irkutsk governor.
The story is told in 3rd person. Thus, the main task of the author is not only to tell about the events, but also to assess the actions of the heroine, her female feat.
The poem begins with the scene of farewell to the father:
The count himself corrected the pillows,
I made a bear cavity at my feet,
Making a prayer, scapular
Hung in the right corner
And - sobbed ... Princess-daughter ...
Goes somewhere tonight...
Nekrasov emphasizes how father and daughter love each other. But, having married, having given a vow of fidelity before God to be with her husband both in sorrow and in joy, Trubetskaya makes a decision:
Oh, God knows! ... But the duty is different,
And higher and harder
Calling me... Forgive me, my dear!
Do not cry in vain!
Far is my way, hard is my way,
My fate is terrible
But I dressed my chest with steel ...
Be proud - I'm your daughter!
Thus, from the first lines of the poem, Nekrasov highlights in the character of the heroine such features as courage, determination, fortitude.
Catherine says goodbye to the past, to the cheerful and rich life of an aristocrat. Says goodbye to his native Petersburg, to his stepfather's house:
Happy my youth
Passed within your walls
I loved your balls
Catania from the steep mountains,
I loved the splash of your Neva
In the evening silence
And this square in front of her
With a hero on horseback...
We see that Catherine from childhood was very cheerful.
In the memories of the youth of the heroine, the following lines may be incomprehensible:
And you be damned, gloomy house,
Where is the first quadrille
I danced... That hand
So far it's burning my hand...
Rejoice. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?
Whose hand are you talking about? Who is the heroine cursing?
Ekaterina Trubetskaya recalls her first ball, where she danced her very first dance with Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, the future Emperor Nicholas I, who began his reign with the massacre of the Decembrists. In the poem, he acts as an executioner.
Rice. 4. Russian Emperor Nicholas I (1796-1855) (Source)
childhood memories
Wealth, shine! high house
On the banks of the Neva
Staircase upholstered with carpet
Lions in front of the entrance
The magnificent hall is elegantly decorated,
The lights are all on fire.
O joy! now a children's ball,
Chu! the music is booming!
Memories of meeting my husband and a happy life with him
Another time, another ball
She dreams: in front of her
A handsome young man is standing
He whispers something to her...
Then again balls, balls ...
She is their mistress
They have dignitaries, ambassadors,
They have all the fashionable light ...
Memories of a trip with her husband to Italy
And so she left
With your chosen one.
Before her is a wonderful country,
Before her is eternal Rome...
But the princess feels happy only in a dream. Upon awakening reality strikes her with tragedy and bitterness:
Chu, heard ahead
Sad ringing - shackled ringing!
Hey coachman, wait!
Then the exiled party is coming,
Painful chest,
The princess gives them money,
Thanks, have a good trip!
She long, long their faces
Dreaming later,
And do not drive away her thoughts,
Don't forget sleep!
Here, to the qualities of the main character, we, of course, must add such features as mercy, kindness.
Thus, the story about the heroine is built on the antithesis: the opposition of a beautiful dream and a terrible reality.
A long way, a lot of time for memories. The princess recalls the tragic day of the uprising and its terrible consequences, recalls how she came to the casemate to meet her husband. It is known that Trubetskaya knew about the impending uprising. In the poem, she is shown by Nekrasov as not just a loving and faithful wife. This person is independent, thinking, analyzing. Returning from a trip to Italy, Trubetskaya compares this beautiful, free country with a miserable and unhappy Russia:
In front of her are a number of paintings.
Downtrodden, driven country:
Severe lord
And a miserable worker-man
With a bowed head...
As the first to rule,
How slaves the second!
Catherine turns to her husband with a question:
Tell me, is the whole region like this?
There is no shade contentment? ..
You are in the kingdom of beggars and slaves! -
The short answer was...
Here we must add the following features to the characterization of the heroine: independence; observation; inquisitive mind; love of freedom.
Nekrasov emphasizes that Trubetskaya shares her husband's views. Her decision to follow him is dictated not only by love, but also by a bold civic position. That's why the climax of the poem was the episode "Trubetskoy's meeting with the Irkutsk governor."
The princess overcame almost five thousand miles and suddenly runs into an obstacle: the Irkutsk governor does not allow her to go further. The forces are unequal. On the one hand - Princess Trubetskaya, a young, fragile, defenseless woman. On the other hand, the Irkutsk governor, a representative of state power (“ Princess, here I am the king”), wise by life and service experience, already a middle-aged man.
And Princess Trubetskaya wins this duel. This brave, young, defenseless, powerless woman. How much determination she has! What courage! What a character!
Not! I'm not a pitiful slave
I am a woman, wife!
Let my fate be bitter
I will be faithful to her!
Oh if he forgot me
For a different woman
I would have enough strength in my soul
Don't be his slave!
But I know: love for the motherland
my rival,
And if it were necessary, again
I would forgive him!
Carefully reading the poem, the reader understands what is the weakness of the Irkutsk governor. He tries to return Trubetskaya, following the order of the tsar, intimidates her with terrible trials, but in his heart he sympathizes with her and admires her courage:
How I tormented you... My God!...
(From under the arm of a gray-haired mustache
A tear rolled down.)
Sorry! yes, I tormented you,
But he himself suffered
But I had a strict order
Barriers to put up for you!
It is this moment that explains why the authorities were so opposed to the decision of the wives of the Decembrists. It meant the moral support of the prisoners, aroused sympathy among many. The authorities in the person of Tsar Nicholas I did not want anyone to sympathize with the Decembrists.
Nekrasov admires his heroine, her willpower, self-esteem and fearlessness.
In the poem, Trubetskaya was detained in Irkutsk for only 2 weeks. In fact, she stayed there for 5 months. It was here that the second Decembrist, M.N. Volkonskaya, to whom the second part of the poem "Russian Women" is dedicated.
He keeps the diaries of his mother, who went to Siberia with her husband, he began to ask him for permission to get acquainted with the papers. For three evenings, Mikhail Sergeevich and Nikolai Alekseevich read the notes. During the reading, the poet repeatedly jumped up, clutched his head and began to cry. These documentary evidence formed the basis of the poem "Russian Women". The description of Princess Trubetskoy (Part 1) and Princess Volkonskaya (Part 2) is the plot basis of the famous work, first read by the poet in the summer of 1871.
History reference
Ekaterina Ivanovna Laval married Sergei Trubetskoy for love. She became his faithful friend and like-minded person, was aware of her husband's political views. Having learned about the events at the twenty-five-year-old Catherine, she immediately decided for herself that she would share his fate with her husband, no matter how terrible it was. The princess became the first of eleven women who set off after the verdict was announced on July 23, and the very next day she set off on the road. She was accompanied by her father's secretary, Karl Voshe (on the way, he would fall ill and return back, as Nekrasov writes about in a poem). "Russian Women" is a poem that tells about a difficult journey from St. Petersburg to Irkutsk, showing the heroine's resilience, tolerance, her devotion to her husband and readiness for self-sacrifice.
Description of the road
The sobs of a father seeing off his daughter, who is "going somewhere this night." Farewell words of the heroine, who understands that she will never see her relatives again. The full confidence of the princess that her duty is to be close to her husband. Memories of serene youth and the person who became the culprit of her misfortunes (referring to the dance at the ball in 1818 with the future Emperor Nicholas I). This is how the poem begins (Nekrasov attached great importance to it in his work) “Russian Women”.
Princess Trubetskaya is the central image of the first part. The author does not give the heroine, because something else is important for him - to show her inner world, to trace the formation of essential character traits. From the very beginning of the poem, Ekaterina Ivanovna is full of determination and has no doubts about her act. She knows how terrible her future fate will be. In order to obtain permission to travel, she deliberately renounced the title, the opportunity to communicate with relatives, welfare - her father's house was the best in St. Petersburg. “I dressed my chest with steel,” she admits when parting with her father, and in these words one can hear the readiness to follow her beloved at all costs, the ability to overcome any obstacles for the sake of being able to fulfill her sacred duty and be close to her husband.
The role of memories and dreams
The road to Siberia is very long and difficult, but there is no time for rest. Approaching the station, the princess demands to change horses as soon as possible and goes on. In doing so, the author uses a very successful technique, describing the pictures that her imagination draws in this endless journey. Either dreams, or just memories that arise in her head - this is the best characteristic of Princess Trubetskoy from the poem "Russian Women". At first she sees a magnificent secular life with fun and balls, a trip abroad with her young husband, all that has now become insignificant and unimportant for her. These vivid pictures are suddenly replaced by a painful sight: working men in the field, barge haulers groaning by the river. Her husband attracted her attention to this side of Russian life.
Along the way, there is a party of exiles, which reminds of the hard fate of the Decembrists. The consciousness of the heroine brings her back to the tragic events of six months ago. A condensed but accurate picture of the uprising. Ekaterina Ivanovna not only knew about its preparation, but also kept a printing press. And then there was a meeting with her husband in prison, during which he gave her complete freedom. However, a loving woman, even at the moment of Sergei Petrovich's arrest, decided that she would support him in everything. It is from such details that the poem “Russian Women” is formed. The author shows the heroine's sympathy for the common people, hatred for the tsar and his regime. And also the desire to fight and prove their right to independence.
Meeting with the Governor
The second chapter is a dialogue. It is he who helps to fully understand the character of the heroine, her determination and confidence in the correctness of the choice made. It must be said that the scene described by Nekrasov actually took place, and Zeidler actually received an order from the emperor to stop Ekaterina Ivanovna at any cost. The arguments of the heroine during the conversation can also be perceived as a characteristic of Princess Trubetskoy from the poem "Russian Women". She is not afraid of the details of how convicts live, or the harsh climate, where the sun shines only three months a year, or the fact that the princess and her children will be equated with ordinary peasants. Ekaterina Ivanovna, who has signed a waiver of all her rights, is ready to move forward even as part of a convict party. The firm character, enormous willpower, Trubetskoy's incomparable courage and steadfastness forced the governor to retreat. “I did everything I could ...”, - these words of Zeidler became an acknowledgment of the moral victory won by a decisive, ready-for-everything woman.
Instead of an afterword
“She captivated others to a feat,” N. Nekrasov said about Ekaterina Ivanovna. Russian women, Princess Trubetskaya in particular, who wished to share the fate of their husbands, to fulfill their duty to God and themselves to the end, forever became a symbol of inexhaustible heroism, self-sacrifice, great human love and devotion.
Ekaterina Ivanovna fully experienced hunger, prison life, and the debilitating Siberian cold. The first of the Decembrists did not live up to the amnesty for only two years and died in Irkutsk. But although she never saw her relatives or the capital again, according to contemporaries, she never regretted what she had done.
Such is the characterization of Princess Trubetskoy from the poem "Russian Women" by N. Nekrasov.
/ / / The image of Princess Trubetskoy in Nekrasov's poem "Princess Trubetskaya" ("Russian Women")Nikolai Nekrasov was among those writers who addressed the topic of the Decembrist uprising. However, he drew attention not to the courage of the Decembrists themselves, but to the feat of their faithful wives. The Decembrists left their prosperous life and followed their loved ones to hard labor. The poem is an ode to brave Russian women.
The poem includes two parts, united by one historical event - the uprising of the Decembrists. In both parts, the main characters are the wives of the Decembrists. Both of them belong to the nobility. The princesses were able to sacrifice their fortune, position in society for the sake of their husbands exiled to Siberia.
In the first part, the author tells the story of Princess Trubetskoy. This image is collective, and at the same time very individualized. The princess is shown as a highly worthy woman who sees her duty in sharing the bitter fate of her beloved man.
The poem begins with a farewell scene between the princess and her father. A woman understands how difficult it is for her father to come to terms with her decision. However, she believes that her act should make him feel proud.
The decision to go to hard labor in Siberia was difficult and easy at the same time. The princess understands how difficult her life in the far north is, but she does not doubt for a minute that this choice was correct. She says that "her fate is terrible," but "I dressed my chest with steel."
Trubetskaya goes to Irkutsk on. She wants to be given permission to go to her husband. But the highest official is against this, because he was asked to convince the princess to stay. The governor convincingly tells Trubetskoy about the hardships that await her in Siberia. The unusual harsh climate, the lack of rights of convicts, hard work - all this will ruin a woman's life. The official appeals to the various feelings of the princess. At first, he reminds her of her duty to her aged father. Then he threatens that she will lose her title. The princess listens to the teachings, but remains of her opinion. She pities her father, but she cannot stay. And the title seems to her now completely unimportant.
The governor also tells the princess that a woman is a weak creature. Therefore, she will not support her husband, but will weaken him. However, Trubetskaya is sure that she will not bring her tears to hard labor. Pride and willpower are inherent in this woman. Therefore, she will fulfill her duty with dignity, without shedding a tear. The governor is smitten with her courage and has no choice but to help her get to Siberia. After all, walking is the only thing that frightened Princess Trubetskoy.
The princess is a representative of high society, accustomed to a luxurious life. She is still young and could find herself a second husband. But she easily exchanges well-being for hard labor next to her beloved.
Nekrasov sings of willpower, endurance, fidelity of real Russian women. He admires their feat and equates it with the feat of their husbands. The Decembrists defended their ideals by challenging the current authorities, and their wives helped them maintain a sense of dignity during the period of exile.
