Engraving is not easy! What is engraving and what types does it come in? Creative activity: engraving for children

At what age can children be introduced to engraving?

Engraving quite accessible even for small children, it is recommended to start acquaintance from 3 years old. At this age, the baby already has some drawing skills, as well as his first artistic ideas. At this age, it is recommended to create engravings only in collaboration with an adult who can reveal to the child all the beauty of this type of art and show how to create images correctly.

In general, the engraving is interesting and more older children, And adults. This is due to the fact that the pattern can vary in size and complexity. If you purchase ready-made kits, it is important to pay attention to the manufacturer’s recommended age indicated on the packaging.

To create an engraving, you can use 2 methods. The first is preparing the base yourself. To do this, you need to choose a thick sheet of paper, or better yet, cardboard, because it is more convenient to work with. For work you will also need watercolors, gouache, wax crayons, candle, stick (shtihel), brushes and water container. The base is painted over watercolor paints. You can only take one color. But the drawings are much more interesting if the base is colored. The stripes can be drawn arbitrarily. After the base has dried, it needs to be rubbed well with a candle. It is important not to apply too thick a layer, but also not to leave gaps. Next you need to paint over the wax layer with black gouache. Sometimes you need to apply several layers of paint; it is better to use gouache that is not too liquid. Only after all the layers have dried can you begin to actually create the engraving. Using a stick with a pointed end or a special pen, you need to start scratching the dark layer so that the colored layer is visible. Wax pencils can be used to color the base. Then applying a wax layer with a candle is not necessary.

Of course, this method of preparing the base is quite labor-intensive. It is suitable for a baby with the principle of creating similar images. The child can freely scratch the base. And it doesn’t matter if you don’t get a beautiful image the first time.

If you want to create a real masterpiece yourself, then you should pay attention to a ready-made engraving kit. It includes a base and a gravel. The contours of the future color image are usually already applied to the base on a dark layer. Making an engraving using this set is quite simple - you just need to diligently and carefully scratch the top layer along the indicated lines. You can do this together with your child, scratching one at a time or simultaneously in different places on the base.

The finished works look very interesting and may well become an interior decoration. They can be placed in a frame, large ones can be hung on the wall, and small ones can be placed on a desk.

Today, I wanted to dedicate a master class for children to an interesting and one of the most ancient drawing techniques. It's about about engraving, which can become a discovery of the great world of fine art for both you and your child.

The creative streak has always been present in people and aroused the desire to leave their mark on various surfaces, which was the beginning of the creation of interesting and unusual techniques drawing. After all, what could be simpler than scratching a design on a stone, clay tablet or wood? If you fill the grooves with paint, you will get bright drawing, which will last for quite a long time. This is how one of the oldest drawing techniques - engraving - was born. She came from the jewelry business; all the tools and techniques are used by jewelers to this day. It is very multifaceted and includes many various techniques execution. These are linocuts, metal engravings, cardboard engravings, woodcuts and lithographs. The advent of engraving technology served as the impetus for the creation of printing presses.

Many great artists paid great attention to engraving and created amazing and beautiful masterpieces. One of the brightest masters was Albrecht Durer.

How to make an engraving

Creating an engraving with your own hands, no matter how strange it may seem, is quite simple. Children's drawings can easily be diversified by offering the child the engraving technique or its imitation - scratching, scratching a design plate covered with colored paint or wax.

These engraving classes at home will perfectly entertain kids and contribute to the development of a love for beauty. And they will be the first steps in art. Working with this technique helps the child develop fine motor skills, perseverance and accuracy.

Even small children can create paintings using this technique. For kids, the process can be simplified and they will need adult help. For this technique we will need:

- thin plates of polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene;
- a stick for scratching a design, a stencil or a regular ballpoint pen.
- scissors;
— colored paper;
- paints;
- rubber roller for rolling the work.

A child can draw a picture on a plate of polystyrene foam with a ballpoint pen by pressing harder on it.

The result is a drawing, the contours of which are pressed into the material.

Let's cut out the city and put it on a tray so as not to stain everything around with paint.

Using a roller, apply paint to the plate.

Place it on a sheet of colored paper and press firmly.

Carefully removing the plate from the paper, we will see the resulting engraving.

Svetlana Bolshakova

Recently, while going through my old course notes, I found two pieces of paper with a stamp, two old engravings.

This the engraving is made of cardboard

And here, in addition to cardboard, lace is used

We were shown techniques for working with printmaking and preparing clichés for prints engravings. Then I really liked this technique. It was getting close to March 8th and I decided to do something with the guys for moms engraving on a postcard. I made the cliche myself from cardboard, and the children just painted it with gouache and made an imprint on paper. The cardboard quickly became wet, peeled off and became unusable. Preparatory work seemed difficult to me and I'm more interested engraving I didn’t return to working with children. But, having found old leaves with engravings, I wanted to remember how it’s done.

Engraving on cardboard(from French gravure) - cut out, create a relief - a type of printmaking. A relief print is made using appliqué, made up of individual cardboard elements. The thickness of the cardboard must be at least 2 mm. Engraving came from jewelry making. She is very multifaceted: linocut, metal engraving, engraving on cardboard, woodcut, lithograph. There are many ways to take impressions from natural objects: leaves, feathers, flowers. Scratching is an imitation engravings.

I want to show you how to do it engraving on cardboard. I took 2 identical cardboards 11x15 cm.

I cut out a frame from one and glued it to the second, although this is not necessary

I decided to make a vase with flowers, cut out the vase and individual elements for it

I cut out flowers, their centers, leaves and parts of leaves

I glued everything onto the base.

I decided to take burgundy gouache

But I didn't like it.

Painted it black

I pressed it hard when stroking it with my fingers on the left, again it didn’t work

I painted it again and made a print. Well, now you can stick it on paper and put it in a frame.

But after three times my cliche got wet and the elements began to separate

While searching for material on this topic on the Internet, I found recommendations for working with children using polystyrene and ceiling tiles. This is what we did yesterday with my corn lover guests (I talked about this in a previous publication) - engraving using polystyrene as a substrate for vegetables. I had one such “bowl” of mushrooms, I cut it up and first tried it on my granddaughters

My gouache is good, professional and there is no need to dilute it with water. And children's gouache needs to be diluted to the thickness of sour cream. The first print may not work, but the second will be better. Such a print will never get wet and children will be able to draw a picture on their own with a ballpoint pen, paint over it with gouache and make an impression

We spread the gouache in vain; the drawing is not very clearly visible.

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Goals and objectives:

A) educational : explore:

The term “Graphics”;
- different kinds graphics,
- technology for performing “Engravings on cardboard”;

teach:

The main stages of engraving on cardboard;
- use improvised means to make prints (copy paper, iron)

b) developing:

development:

Graphic and compositional skills;
- imagination and creative imagination;
- emotional and value attitude to life;
- attention, observation.

c) raising:

bring up:

Hard work, accuracy and perseverance;
- a sense of mutual assistance and camaraderie;
- respect for work.

Equipment:

For the teacher:

Samples of work with various types of graphics ( Figure 1- 7) ;
- Methodological tables for making engravings on cardboard:
“Prints of materials of different textures” (Appendix 3 ),
“Stages of engraving on cardboard. Scenery". “Stages of engraving on cardboard. Still life". ( Annex 1 , Appendix 2)
- Samples of children's works made using this technique. ( Figure 11-17)
- Various materials (cardboard, fabric, lace, leather, etc.), scissors, glue, carbon paper, iron, sheets of white paper.

For students:

Album, pencil, eraser, pieces various materials(cardboard, fabric, lace, leather, etc.), scissors, glue, copy paper, 2-3 album sheets.

1. Conversation about types of graphics, engraving on cardboard.
2. Introduction to one of the types of printed graphics “Cardboard Engraving”.
3. Practical work“Sketching a landscape or still life” (optional).

Teacher reference material:

Word “graphic arts” comes from the Greek “grapho” - “I write, I draw.” This is a type of fine art that is associated with images on a plane. Graphics is, first of all, a drawing, a linear, strict art, based on a combination of black and white, with the paper itself being white, and the pencil, charcoal or other coloring material being black.

Graphics are divided into two kinds:

- single drawing on paper - drawings made in watercolor, gouache, pencil, charcoal, sanguine (red and brown sticks). Play once.
- printed graphics - allows you to reproduce a drawing in a large number of copies.

Printed graphics come in different types:

1. Book graphics – design of books and magazines;

2. Applied graphics – design of postcards, stamps, certificates;

3. Engraving- a type of graphics that can be repeated when making prints. Every page of the books we read is also printed, but we only call a drawing an engraving. In French, “engraver” means “to cut.” Wood engraving is called woodcut, on the stone - lithography, on linoleum - linocut, on metal - etching, on cardboard – engraving on cardboard.

4. Monotype,

5. Dry needle.

6. Grattography

Woodcut. How is wood engraving made? The artist applies the intended drawing onto a board of hard wood - boxwood or palm tree. All places that should be white according to the drawing are deepened by the engraver in the board, removing the wood with special cutters - gravers. On the engraving print, black will be those places that were not touched by the artist’s chisel. When the entire design is cut out, printing ink is applied to the board with a roller, then a sheet of paper is applied and pressed to the board with a press. This is how engraving is born. In black and white, an engraving can convey a bright sunny day, a foggy, cloudy day with heavy clouds, and the spring transparency of the sky. There are engravings and color ones, when several layers of different paints are applied to the paper in turn.

Lithography is an engraving on stone (from the Greek “lithos” - “stone”). Engraving is done on a special limestone. Before work, the stone is polished, and the master applies a drawing to it with a thick lithographic pencil or ink. Then the stone is treated with special compounds, and the design on the stone is “fixed,” as it were. When the drawing is ready, paper is placed on the stone and an impression is made under pressure - a print. Unlike wood engraving and linocut, in lithography the surface of the stone is not deepened, but remains flat.

Linocut is an engraving on linoleum, on which the artist cuts like wood.<Picture 1 >

Etching is an engraving on metal. The copper or zinc plate is polished and varnished. The artist then draws on the plate with a sharp steel needle. The needle goes over the varnish very easily; you don’t need to press it with force, as when working with a chisel on wood or linoleum. When the drawing is ready, the plate is etched with nitric acid. The acid eats away the indentations in the scratched areas because the varnish no longer protects them. Paint is rubbed into these recesses, wet paper is placed on the plate, and an impression is made under the press.<Figure 2 >

In woodcut and linoleum engravings, the recessed areas remain white on the print. In etching it’s the other way around: the recessed places on the print are black, everything else is white. This technique was invented in XVII century. And the most remarkable master of etching was the great Dutch artist Rembrandt.

Monotype is a graphic technique of flat printing that is not associated with engraving processes. It comes in colored and monochrome.

Color monotype - the artist paints with oil paints on a smooth glass surface, then moistened paper is placed on top and rolled on a printing press (you can only get one print).<Figure 3 >

Grattography is a technique of scratching a drawing. rub a sheet of paper with a candle, apply gouache mixed with ink on top, apply a drawing with a pencil and scratch the image along the drawing with sharp objects.<Figure 5 >

(Show samples of work done using this technique. <Figure 6, Figure 7>)

Stages of performing work using the “Cardboard Engraving” technique:

(Use educational tables: “Stages of engraving on cardboard. Still life” - Annex 1;“Stages of engraving on cardboard. Scenery " - Appendix 2)

1 . Making several sketches of a landscape (still life). Choosing the best one.
2 . Enlarging the sketch.
3 . Consider what materials will be used in the work. (Pieces of various fabrics, leather, cardboard, crumpled paper, sandpaper). Analyze prints of materials of different textures using a training table with samples - Appendix 3.
4 . Making cardboard. Pasting the selected material onto the sketch.

(Show samples of prepared cardboard<Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10>)

5. Making prints: the resulting cardboard is covered with printing ink and placed on top Blank sheet and rolled through a printing press.

Talk about using improvised means to make prints: Since we have neither a machine nor paint, we can use carbon paper and a warm iron:

Place carbon paper on the finished cardboard with the ink side up;
- then place a blank sheet of paper on top;
- using a warm iron, pressing firmly, iron the entire surface. As a result, the image is printed.

Show samples of prints (children's work) -<Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17>.

Engraving is a play of light and dark spots. With their help, the image turns out to be lively and interesting.

Elaboration and drawing of the sketch in tone (determination of black and white spots).

When completing the sketch, the guys use their observations in nature, knowledge about the architecture of our city (churches, cathedrals, monuments).

Lesson #2
1. Conversation about the stages of making cardboard;
2. Practical work: “Making cardboard and prints.”

1. Conversation about the stages of making cardboard.

At this stage, various kinds of materials that the guys brought are pasted onto the sketch.

In the last lesson, the children already determined what would be the darkest and the lightest in their drawing.

To get a dark spot on the image, you need to stick cardboard, fabric or leather on it. To create a white spot, do not glue anything or cut through this place. Then, when printing, the darkest place will be the place where the thickest material is glued (cardboard, leather), and the white place will be where nothing is glued or cut out.

This stage of work is somewhat reminiscent of appliqué: we cut and glue. For example, to create a tower (Spasskaya) or another image, you need to transfer it from the drawing through copying to the material that will be pasted. This is how cardboard is made. making prints:

Method 1 - Place carbon paper on the cardboard with the ink side up, then place a clean sheet and iron it with a hot iron. The result is a mirror image.

Method 2 - Place a blank sheet of paper on the cardboard, then copy paper with the ink side down, and another sheet or newspaper on top. Iron with a hot iron. The result is a print of the image, like on cardboard.

The guys perform cardboard according to the above rules. Then, together with the teacher, they make several prints. The best print is selected, which is the final result of the work.

1. Mini-exhibition - viewing of works: identifying errors and shortcomings, identifying the best works.

2. Evaluation of student work according to the following criteria:

Sketch composition;
- manifestation of imagination in the use of material;
- clarity of the image (ratio of white and dark spots).

WORK FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO HOME FROM HOME: Complete the work in ways known to the guys.

Creative activities are an integral part of raising and educating a child. There are many types artistic arts, within which children of any age can create. For example, engraving for children is a technique that can be mastered as early as three years of age. But such creativity will also be interesting for teenagers and parents.

Engraving as a form of visual art

Very often given creative technique put on a par with fine arts. Indeed, these types of creativity have enough in common. Crafts using the engraving technique involve removing the protective layer using a special tool - a spatula or a pen. Today on sale you can find ready-made kits for creating such a masterpiece. An alternative option is to make the craft inside and out with your own hands. Let's take a closer look at this technique and try to understand why engraving is useful for children?

Factory-produced ready-made art kits

Today in any toy or stationery store you can find a wide variety of sets for children's creativity. Among them there are also those that are intended for creating. Typically, such a set includes a base for creating a three-dimensional drawing, a special spatula/sticker and instructions. A white or colored base may be hidden under a black background. For ease of use, usually the lines along which the tool should be drawn are already marked in color on a black base. The cost of the “Engraving for Children” set ranges from 100-500 rubles. It all depends on the size and complexity of the drawing. Please note: the recommended age must be indicated on the packaging young artist. For the little ones, choose simple pictures small in size, and for older children and adults - more complex. Attention! At the age of 3-5 years, children are recommended to make engravings only in collaboration with adults. The parents’ task is to tell children about this creativity, show the basic techniques and control the entire process.

Making an engraving using a candle

If you want to make a creativity kit no worse than in the store, you can do it yourself at home. To do this, take a cardboard picture; you can use, for example, a page from a torn book. Cut the base to the appropriate size. Next, rub it with a regular candle or a piece of paraffin. The layer should be smooth and uniform. Then cover the workpiece with a thick layer of gouache without adding water. Leave to dry for several hours. After which your engraving for children is ready, you can start creating. Invite your child to clear the entire picture or some of its elements. You can also take an ordinary piece of cardboard, paint it randomly with paints, and then cover it with wax and gouache. It is more convenient to draw pictures on such an engraving without completely removing the paint.

How to make an engraving with your own hands without wax or paraffin?

If you don’t have a candle at home, don’t be upset. Take cardboard or a sheet of thick paper and paint the base well with these pencils, and on top, as in the first method, apply gouache and dry. Another option involves using a ready-made picture and film. Regular packaging bags, file folders or thin plastic packaging will do. Glue a piece of film to the base with a glue stick, apply gouache on top and dry. Making engravings is also possible from glossy pictures. And this is one of the most simple ways. Take a page from a magazine, a coloring book cover, or some other glossy picture. Apply gouache directly onto it and after it has completely dried, start creating. Preschoolers are advised to use thin tools when creating engravings and try to hold them like a pencil or pen - this will help adapt their hand to writing.

The benefits of this type of creativity

Children's prints are interesting and very useful crafts. This type of creativity develops fine motor skills, teaches the child to be attentive and diligent. If you use a store-bought set, your baby learns to trace and draw the correct lines. Many children enjoy homemade engraving bases that don't have markings on them. When working with such material, each time you have to guess what is hidden under the paint and where it should be erased. Freehand drawing on a base to create an engraving with a multi-colored background is also interesting. Try creating with your child, using both ready-made kits and homemade ones. Remember that the finished craft can become a wonderful interior decoration or an excellent holiday gift for one of your relatives.

Creativity for children means limitless opportunities for self-expression and development. Never forget this and try to regularly do a variety of decorative crafts with your daughter or son.