State and municipal service (SMS)– a professional activity consisting in the fulfillment by civil servants of the Federal Government of the Russian Federation and sub-communities of the Russian Federation of the competence of these bodies established in legislative and other regulations.
In the narrow sense of the word methodology call a set of methods of cognition used by a particular science.
Main subject scientific research GS is a state service relationship that arises in connection with the organization and functioning of the OGV. The subject of scientific research of the State Civil Service is: identification of the goals and functions of the Civil Service, analysis of the roles played by civil servants in accordance with their status.
In studying the problems and state of the civil service, a number of scientific methods:
-sociological – social research of the state and activities of the state apparatus at the federal and regional levels;- systems approach is both a theory and a methodology. Analysis and synthesis of control systems - Structural-functional-target method . It involves defining or clarifying the goals of the management system. Identification of management functions on their basis, sequential division of the latter into operations, actions, as well as the formation organizational structure management. The essence of this method is that when analyzing systems, its functions are determined by the structure of the system, and its purpose is determined by the functions of the system. historical approach allows you to study the entire process of creation, operation and development of the system, as well as give scientific forecasts of the future state of the system, characterizes the GMU system in development; - statistical method , who studies the quantitative aspects of mass social phenomena and processes in inextricable connection with their qualitative side; - comparative - historical method; -analogy method; -modeling method; -method of concrete social research.
From an organizational point of view, GS is actually an established, relatively isolated organizational and functional structure in the integral system of public management of society, which has certain goals and functions.
The most important aspects of the civil service as an organization are: - its streamlining (involves work on the classification of positions, titles and ranks; the creation of a regulatory framework for the modern civil service, the establishment of a procedure for promotion on the principles of career, increasing the professionalism of personnel); - consistency of interaction between parts of the civil service(achieved through division and cooperation of labor, ranking and hierarchy of positions and titles, coordination and control of the activities of civil servants, exchange of management information, harmonization of relations between managers and subordinates); - orientation of the civil service towards achieving its goals(provided by regulating the boundaries of the civil service; resolving the issue of which categories of workers belong to civil servants; increasing the organizational status of civil servants, regulating official powers, hiring, labor incentives)
It follows that the GE is complex, open, dynamic and non-equilibrium social system. The State Migration Service of the Russian Federation represents the unity of the elements of two groups: on the one hand, the system of legal institutions that determine the procedure for the formation and implementation of the goals and functions of the state and the application of the state. authorities; on the other hand, a set of people specially trained and professionally employed in the state. apparatus.
State and municipal services as a legal, social and administrative institution.
State and municipal service (GMS)– a professional activity consisting in the fulfillment by civil servants of the Federal State Institution of the Russian Federation and sub-states of the Russian Federation of the competence of these bodies, established in legislation and other normative acts.
How social institution The civil service is an established, stable form of organizing the joint activities of persons in the service of the state. The State Council determines the relationship between the state and society, and is the body of interaction between the state apparatus and public structures.
Functions of the civil service as a social institution:
Production of government services;
Realization of interests, rights and freedoms of citizens;
Effective solution of state social policy problems;
Regulation and resolution of social conflicts.
GS like legal institute - this is a system of legal norms that regulate the relationships that develop in the process of organizing the Civil Service system itself (federal, municipal, sectoral; status, types and register of government positions and employees), the status of civil servants, guarantees and procedures for its implementation (implementation by civil servants job responsibilities and functions), as well as the mechanism of passage of the GS.
Thus, subject to legal regulation 3 large spheres in system public-service relations:
1) formation of the HS system;
2) creation of the status of a civil servant, guarantees of its implementation;
3) the mechanism of passage of the GS.
Functions of the Civil Code as a legal institution (expresses and implements political interests):
Implementation of draft laws and other regulations on the civil service;
Determination of rules for civil service;
Compliance with civil service legislation;
Prevention of violation of legislation;
Regulation of the legal status of the Civil Code, legal social protection of civil servants.
How management institute The civil service has the following features: an association of civil servants who perform the functions of managing public affairs and organizing society; an ordered structural formation, a set of organizational norms, methods, procedures, rules, standards and traditions of streamlining, regulating and coordinating the joint activities of civil servants, giving consistency to the interaction of the components of the civil service to achieve its goals. State power is largely exercised precisely through the civil service, which implements the will of the state, expressed in the decisions of the relevant branches of government, has a decisive influence on the activities and behavior of people and social groups with the help of organizational, legal and ideological mechanisms.
Functions of the State Council as a management institution:
Implementation of public administration (planning, forecasting, decision making, control, stimulation);
Organization of the state apparatus to carry out the powers of the Civil Defense;
Ensuring responsibility and discipline of the state apparatus.
Federal legislation on HMS
HS- this is the professional official activity of citizens of the Russian Federation to ensure the execution of the powers of the Federal State Institution, other federal state bodies, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, state government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other civil government of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, persons holding positions established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law for the direct execution of the powers of federal government bodies (hereinafter referred to as persons filling government positions of the Russian Federation), persons filling positions established by the constitutions, charters, laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the direct execution of the powers of state bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Federal Law of the Russian Federation of May 27, 2003 No. 58-FZ “On the System of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation”).
Federal legislation on HMS includes:
1) The Constitution Russian Federation;
2) Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated May 27, 2003 No. 58-FZ“On the RF GS system” (the concept of GS, GS system, basic principles of GS, GS positions, job registers is given, defines General terms GS (formation of personnel, admission and passage and termination of GS, class ranks, diplomatic ranks, special ranks, length of service), GS management system)
3) Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated July 27, 2004 No. 79-FZ “On the State State System of the Russian Federation” (the concept of the State State System, Civil service positions. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation, Interrelation of the civil service and other types of civil service of the Russian Federation, Legal status (status) of a civil servant, Admission to the civil service, Service contract, Grounds and consequences of termination of a service contract, Personal data of a civil servant. Personnel department state body, Service time and rest time, Remuneration of civil servants, State guarantees in the civil service, Incentives and awards. Service discipline in the civil service, Financing of the civil service. Civil service development programs)
oArticle 33. General grounds for termination of a service contract, release from a civil service position and dismissal from the civil service
oArticle 34. Termination of a service contract by agreement of the parties
oArticle 35. Termination of a fixed-term service contract
oArticle 36. Termination of a service contract at the initiative of a civil servant
oArticle 37. Termination of a service contract at the initiative of a representative of the employer
oArticle 38. Informing the elected trade union body upon termination of a service contract
oArticle 39. Termination and suspension of a service contract due to circumstances beyond the control of the parties
oArticle 40. Termination of a service contract due to violation of mandatory rules when concluding a service contract
oArticle 41. Termination of a service contract in connection with the renunciation of citizenship of the Russian Federation by a civil servant
oArticle 71. Entry into force of this Federal Law
oArticle 72. Recognition of certain legislative acts as invalid
oArticle 73. Application of laws and other regulatory legal acts containing norms labor law
oArticle 74. Application of laws and other regulatory legal acts on public service in connection with the entry into force of this Federal Law
4)About municipal service in the Russian Federation, March 2007 No. 25-FZ(concept of municipal service, Basic principles of municipal service, Interrelation of municipal service and state civil service of the Russian Federation, Positions of municipal service, Legal status (status) of a municipal employee, Working (office) time and rest time, General principles remuneration of municipal employees. Guarantees provided to municipal employees. Experience in municipal service, Promotion of municipal employees. Disciplinary liability of a municipal employee, Personnel work in a municipality)
State and municipal government for a long time is one of the popular specialties of study at the university. Not everyone can imagine where they can go to work with such an education. But the desire to be in power drives many to obtain an appropriate diploma.
How long have they been teaching state and municipal government?
State and municipal management or State Management emerged as a field of study in the late 1990s. At the same time, the profession gained popularity among applicants. During this period, it became clear that specialists employed in state and municipal structures implementing executive or legislative functions of government needed to be trained in a new way.
In modern practice, such a specialty has become part of another block of training programs. Managerial professions cover the needs not only of the state or municipal sectors of the economy, but also of the commercial sector.
As part of the training program, competencies are developed that allow you to successfully realize yourself in your future profession:
- economic knowledge;
- legal basis;
- general cultural knowledge;
- the ability to exercise self-control, self-motivation, self-development.
Before this, such knowledge could only be obtained through the party line in special schools and courses at universities and colleges.
Why is it prestigious to get such a profession?
The popularity of the GMU profession is caused by several factors
- During economic reforms the sphere of state and municipal government seems to be the most reliable and stable, allowing one to be confident that all rights and obligations on the part of the employer will be fulfilled.
- Many people mistakenly believe that having received such an education, a direct path to the very top of power structures immediately opens up. In fact, the career of an official is usually progressive, as in other areas.
- There is a myth that officials have high salaries. Although in the field of municipal administration, wages for specialists fluctuate at the level of 13–20 thousand rubles per month.
- Those working in the relevant government structures must improve their skills and have specialized education.
- Businessmen who want to lobby their interests in government agencies are interested in having the appropriate education.
- Such education does not lose its relevance over time, because officials are always needed. If necessary, you can undergo advanced training to become familiar with new changes in legislation.
- Some regions, interested in officials working in the outback, sign agreements with universities and send those who want to study there for free.
What kind of work can you do?
The GMU profession is quite universal. It gives you the opportunity to express yourself different areas. After all, the functions performed by federal, regional and local authorities are very diverse. A person with such education can work:
- in legislative bodies of government at any level as an assistant to a deputy;
- in supervisory authorities (prosecutor, tax inspectorate);
- in pension fund structures;
- in social protection authorities;
- in executive power structures at any level;
- in public relations structures.
The profession allows you to work successfully in commerce. After all, management and other skills are also in demand there. Knowledge of legislation has always been a weak link among those who received education in commercial specialties. Business management also involves active interaction with municipal and state authorities.
The requirement that an applicant for a vacancy in state and municipal authorities have such a profession is heard in most cases.
The profession can be mastered by school graduates, as well as by those who have already realized themselves in the labor market. IN modern system There are several formats that allow you to obtain higher education at State Medical University. Many of them allow you to work and study at the same time.
Among them:
- Bachelor's programs. This is basic education, which is implemented on full-time and part-time courses. Can be organized remotely. Refers to higher education. The initial level can be an excellent start in a future profession or help in building a bureaucratic career.
- Master's programs. For those who want to study issues of state and municipal administration in more depth, two-year training programs are offered. In this case, a person may already have a basic education at State Medical University or use the knowledge acquired during the development of other specialties.
- Professional retraining programs. They are usually sold within a year. Any specialist with higher education can learn the profession of GMU.
- Advanced training programs. State and municipal authorities are required to send their employees for advanced training at least once every 5 years. If a person has a different education (economics or law), he still has the right to improve his qualifications in the State Medical University profession. Management of these issues is entrusted to human resources services.
Graduate and doctoral programs are also available to specialists. Obtaining an academic degree in the field of state and municipal administration allows you to increase your status among colleagues. This type of training is aimed at serious advancement in.
Public administration implies that its representatives must have a good understanding of the material from the perspective scientific approaches. Therefore, postgraduate or doctoral work allows one to master these competencies.
Where is the best place to study?
In order to become the best in your profession, it matters where you receive your education. Not all universities or research centers are equally good at presenting material.
Therefore, when choosing a program and training base, you need to analyze a number of indicators.
- How many years has training been provided at this university?
- What is the position of the university in the national rankings.
- How many graduates are there from the programs, what is the share of their employment, is there any famous personalities among university graduates.
- Availability of a license and the nearest date of certification of the university.
- Availability affiliate programs with state and municipal authorities.
- Is there a direction for students to undergo internships in organizations where state and municipal administration is implemented?
- Cost of education. It cannot be low, because attracting highly qualified specialists in the training process is an expensive pleasure. If the very fact of getting crusts is important in order to work in an existing position, this indicator can be ignored.
What qualities will help you in learning and work?
Considering that this profession involves acquiring knowledge in different fields, an individual must constantly expand his horizons. If a person is focused on managing his career in the field of GMU, he needs:
- work to improve public speaking and communication skills;
- study personality psychology, including ways to manage public opinion;
- deal with personal image;
- be willing to work in lower positions or as a volunteer in order to gain the necessary competencies and connections;
- be able to express personal opinion in a timely manner.
Obtaining an education in the field of State Medical University does not guarantee successful employment. But if a person systematically moves towards a cherished goal, then such training programs can be of great help in future work.
Currently, the popularity of the specialty “state and municipal management” is growing. What kind of work can you do after completing your studies?
General points
It would seem that such a prestigious specialization and a high passing grade upon admission to a higher educational institution should be a guarantee of an excellent career and quick and profitable employment. But in practice the situation is somewhat different. Have you graduated from the Faculty of State and Municipal Administration? Who to work with - don’t know? To begin with, let us highlight the features of this direction.
Features of the profession
A natural question arises for those who chose “state and municipal management”: what can you do after completing your studies? Yesterday's students have three alternative paths:
- work in a private organization;
- get a job in a government agency;
- get a position at an institute or research laboratory.
Such are the prospects for the specialization “state and municipal management”; the choice of whom to work is up to the holder of the diploma. When applying for a job, the applicant must take into account financial needs and his own ambitions. After five years of training in the basics of forecasting and analysis, there should be little difficulty in working out all the benefits of the proposed position.
Career
IN real life Graduates of the “state and municipal management” major do not choose who to work with, but agree to any proposals related to office work. Such a position can hardly be called the ultimate dream, but, despite the low wages, a significant amount of work, the clerk has every chance for a good career growth. But this is only relevant in those organizations in which subsequent promotion is possible. career ladder. Holders of a diploma in “state and municipal management” must choose who to work for themselves.
Service to the state
If a graduate chooses to work in government organization, he must understand the full burden of responsibility that is placed on him. In essence, such an employee is an intermediary between government institutions and ordinary people. Are you thinking about who to work after the “state and municipal administration” faculty? At first, you can only count on a category 2 specialist position in government agencies. The salary that will be offered to a young specialist does not exceed 20-25 thousand rubles. But the state in many regions of the country offers various support measures, for example, benefits for children enrolling in preschool educational establishments, free travel to public transport, treatment in local sanatoriums. As the length of service increases, the size automatically increases and the opportunity to move up the career ladder appears.
Private companies
Do you have a diploma with a specialization in “municipal and public administration”, but haven’t decided where to work yet? Try to get a job in a private company. In this case, you can count on a good salary even without experience. If you want to get immediate material profit, immediately look for vacancies in non-state companies. Graduates who dream of serving their country faithfully must be prepared for low wages and irregular work schedules. The main advantage of such a choice can be considered the opportunity to maximally satisfy one’s personal ambitions. You have a specialty in “state and municipal administration”, haven’t you decided who to work with yet? In this case, try to apply for a job at a large corporation first. Every company has a special department whose employees are engaged in establishing relationships with government agencies.
Requirements for an employee of a private company
In order to count on a high salary, working in a department dealing with relations with government agencies, you must have certain skills:
- conduct full analysis actions of the authorities, laws adopted, policies pursued;
- find ways effective interaction with government agencies;
- support and implement programs that are aimed at joint activities with local authorities;
- identify the main needs of the company.
Not in every private company there is interaction with authorities state power on this high level, which would allow the creation of special departments and the hiring of qualified employees. Only huge corporations and large monopolists engage in such activities. In them, the main shareholder and founder is the state, so it will be difficult for a recent graduate to get a job in such a serious company, even if he has the profession of “state and municipal management.” Where to work for newly minted specialists?
Consulting offices and analytical centers
Employment in such organizations does not guarantee high wages. Moreover, it will be difficult to count on rapid career growth. But for those people who are interested in forecasting and analysis, working in a consulting center or analytical agency will be excellent option. If the forecasts you make turn out to be accurate and successful, there is a chance in a few years to gain a positive image and become a respected member of the team. Gradually, you will gain some weight in a certain circle, your suggestions and ideas will be listened to, you will be systematically invited to various analytical programs and programs. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that only a few can make a full-fledged career; everyone else will have to be content with second roles and perform very prosaic duties. There is a small chance of ending up as an employee of an international consulting company and getting the opportunity to realize your own potential.
Work as an official
There are certain requirements that an employer places on a graduate of a higher educational institution. In order to count on a prestigious job, you need to demonstrate the following qualities to a potential employer:
- Analysis. It is necessary to have information about the main changes taking place in the financial market, in tax policy, to monitor political trends, and to be aware of the possible risks of management work.
- Organization of activities. Be able to create and plan new projects, including the development of programs for an entire region.
In addition to the skills listed above, the official must establish full-fledged relationships with the public, speak several languages, and provide consultations to private firms. If young employee If he has all these qualities, he will find a very promising and highly paid job and will be in demand.
Conclusion
After five years of study, having received the specialty “state and municipal administration”, the holder of the diploma decides where to get a job. It is important not to forget all the skills and knowledge that were acquired during the study process and to fully implement them in practice. This specialty is considered one of the most modern and youngest in our country. In 2015, the Russian Federation introduced a new federal educational standard for the training of specialists in state and municipal administration. On this moment This specialization is one of the most popular among applicants, therefore, to enter the Faculty of Management you need high scores on the Unified State Exam. Successful graduates secondary schools try to get into this particular specialization, realizing that after completing their studies they will have real chance work in commercial structures, government administration.
Having received an education in specialties state and municipal management- who to work with later is understood only by a few. Many have the mistaken opinion that with this specialization one can count on the position of an accountant or economist. Cases of such employment can be found, but very rarely. Acquaintances or an acute shortage of personnel help. If you want to become a manager, economist or accountant, it is better to choose another specialty.
Main directions for future work.
After receiving a diploma, all yesterday's students have three alternative paths:
- Service in a government structure.
- Work in a private company.
- Position in an independent research organization or institute.
The choice will have to be made depending on your ambitions and financial needs. After five years of studying the basics of analysis and forecasting, it will not be so difficult to understand the possible prospects for any position. But most often you will receive offers related to office work. Graduates, as a rule, refuse such work. Referring to low wages, high responsibility and low interest in the profession.
But in fact, this could be a good push, a first step towards career ladder. The main thing is not to get stuck in one place for a long time.
In the service of the state
Having chosen to serve in a government organization, you must be aware of the responsibility assigned to you. In fact, you are an intermediary between the people and the institutions of power. Having only a diploma in hand, you can count on a position as a specialist of the second category. Unfortunately, corruption has not yet been eradicated in our country. So in some situations you will have to fight with those whom they are trying to “pull through connections.” Just a few years ago, the salary of an employee of this rank was only 10-12 thousand rubles. Today the amount has increased to twenty and continues to grow every year. The state supports its employees; in some regions, the income of public sector employees exceeds the average salary. But in private companies, a young specialist can count on a higher salary. So decide what is important to you - immediate profit or the realization of ambitions. In a government position, it will be much easier with the second one. Of course, there is a career ceiling, but once you reach it, you can retrain.
Working for a private corporation
The second point, which involves working in private companies, may seem a little strange. After all, you studied for a specialty in municipal and public administration, what do corporations have to do with this? But every large company has a department whose activities are aimed at cooperation with government agencies. You will need:
- Analyze actions of the government - the laws it adopts and the policies it pursues.
- Search ways to interact with her.
- Launch and support programs aimed at joint action with local governments.
- Define the basic needs of the company in the field of government.
As you can already understand, not every office can boast of interaction of this level. Basically, we are talking about monopolists and huge corporations. In some of them, the founder and holder of part of the shares is the state. It will not be an easy task to find employment in an organization of this size. The institute itself, with its extensive connections and expertise, can provide significant assistance. Take advantage of the internship time if you are not assigned to a government agency.
If you choose this specialty, your ultimate dream will be the position of head of the department. But wages initially attract personnel to such companies.
Analytical centers and consulting offices.
The third option will not give you a huge salary or the ability to distribute administrative resources. But if you are interested in analysis, forecasting and everything in the same spirit - a consulting agency or Research institute will be the best option for you. With accurate and far-reaching forecasts, in just a few years you can earn a name and weight in the world. certain environment. Your opinion will be listened to, you will be regularly invited to various analytical programs. But only a few will achieve all this; most of the employees are busy with more prosaic duties. The opportunity to join an international consulting company opens up unimaginable opportunities for graduates to realize their own potential.
Basic requirements from the employer to the graduate.
So far, the main skills that students will be taught for five years have not been named:
- Analysis- development of financial markets, changes in tax policy, tracking political trends, possible risks of management activities.
- Organization- work in government agencies, labor of other employees.
- Development- new bills, development programs for the entire region.
- Planning and control budget expenditures, activities of other employees.
In addition to all of the above, you should already be able to organize public relations, communicate in several languages and offer consultations to private businesses. Such an ideal worker will be snatched away anywhere, but we are only striving for the ideal.
After graduating with a degree in state and municipal administration, you decide who to work for yourself. Just don’t forget to put the knowledge you gain during your studies into practice. For example, during the same job search. Don't rush to any position, but choose what will be best for you.
The most common entrance exams:
- Russian language
- Mathematics ( a basic level of)
- Computer science and information and communication technologies (ICT) - specialized subject, at the choice of the university
- History - at the choice of university
- Social studies - by choice of university
- Foreign language - at the choice of the university
To choose a university, you must also pass one of the following exams: history, social studies, computer science and ICT.
At the discretion of the educational institution, an examination may be offered. English language, or any other foreign language depending on the specific area of study.
The specialty "State and Municipal Administration" is a great opportunity choosing a prestigious job in large organizations. University graduates are in constant demand among employers; they have excellent prospects for subsequent professional growth and career advancement.
Brief description of the specialty
The specialty allows students to gain advanced knowledge in the field of economics during their studies, including such economic directions, like management theory and others. They master the necessary professional skills and administrative skills that allow planning and coordinating the work of the organization, and managing the team.
Graduates who have completed training in this specialty have skills that allow them to manage an organization as successfully as possible, take part in organizing the work process of the management system, develop and improve the functioning of management in accordance with the main criteria for the development of the socio-economic sphere.
Large universities
- Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov
- State University of Management
- Nizhny Novgorod State University named after. N.I. Lobachevsky
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
- Perm State National research university
Terms and forms of training
This specialty provides both full-time and part-time or part-time forms of education. With full-time study, the duration of mastering the specialty is 4 years, in other options - from 4.5 years or more.
Subjects studied by students
The specialty is universal in nature, therefore special requirements are imposed on the content of the curriculum. Special attention is devoted to such academic disciplines as:
- economic theory
- management
- psychology
- history of world civilizations
- fundamentals of law and others.
Among the compulsory subjects required to master the specialty are the following:
- statistics
- civil law
- management theory
- information technology in management
- administrative law and others.
Some higher education institutions introduce a vocational course into their curriculum. foreign language and rhetoric. The training involves practical training in government agencies that meet the needs of the training profile.
Gained knowledge and skills
A bachelor-manager who has completed a program in this specialty can perform the following types of professional activities:
- to plan different types activities;
- organize work according to set goals, available resources and results;
- carefully monitor the activities of employees and the entire organization;
- lead a team and coordinate work in the external environment;
- motivate employees;
- represent the institution (company) and its interests;
- explore and evaluate problems and situations;
- propose forecasts and plan goals;
- work with employees in providing consultations, methodological recommendations, educational moments;
- realize innovative work in the field of management.
Future profession: what to work for?
Graduates can count on good positions in prestigious organizations, and they also have excellent opportunities for excellent career growth in the state and municipal service.
A specialist bachelor-manager acts as an intermediary between people and the state. He works in various departments and services, including specialized ones, and participates in the development of bills. Also, a specialist manager receives citizens, helping them solve a wide range of issues, provides guidance in matters of healthcare, social, housing, educational, cultural and other life activities, monitors databases, issues certificates and information upon requests, and deals with office work issues. A specialist can find work in:
- state and municipal authorities;
- local government bodies;
- international organizations and governing bodies;
- public sector organizations;
- non-profit organizations;
- civil society institutions;
- educational and research institutions;
Holding a position as a specialist of the second category immediately after graduation, you can count on a salary of 20,000 rubles. The income of a leading specialist can be about 30,000, a chief one - about 35,000, and the head of a department will receive from 40,000 rubles. High professional quality specialists allow them to quickly move up the career ladder, but gradually step by step.
Continuing training in the specialty
If desired, you can continue your studies in this specialty in master’s and postgraduate programs.
