The change of millennia is a rare event in the life of mankind, even more rare considering that there were changes in chronology, which seemed to throw history back, starting the countdown from scratch. According to the ancient Russian chronology, which existed before Peter’s reforms, it is now the 7508th year1 from the creation of the world, although it is not entirely clear who considered the years, since the history of the Russian state goes back about a thousand years, and the Russian civilization is several centuries old. From this comparison of dates we can conclude that Russia, at least a certain cultural layer of it, has very ancient roots, on the other hand, Russia is a young civilization, especially in comparison with the ancient one.

The country enters the change of millennia according to the Nativity of Christ renewed; public sentiment is dominated by the desire to continue the begun economic and social reforms, despite the fact that each social layer understands their goals and sees their methods in its own way. The failures of reforms are associated precisely with these disagreements, with the lack of coordination of social programs and reforms with the interests of various strata and regions of society.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that to date there has not been a serious study of the entire complex of reasons for the failures that befell the reformers of Russian society in the 90s. the passing century. One of the reasons is the lack of clear ideas about the specifics of the regions that make up Russian society.

1 Compare: Soloviev S.M. Essays. In 18 books. Book VII. T. 13-14. History of Russia since ancient times - M.: Mysl, 1991; p.252, 320,582.

In the ideas of the reformers of the early 90s. there was no understanding of the socio-cultural uniqueness of Russia in general and the regions in particular. They declared their goal to be the return of the country to world civilization, meaning the creation of an economic and political system on the Western model. The transformation of social relations in this direction encountered deaf and silent resistance from Russian society, which is huge in its spatial dimensions and diverse in its ethnic composition.

Today, Russian society needs an objective, as far as possible, and non-ideologized socio-philosophical analysis. Only after such work has been carried out is it possible to further intensify the reform process, which can bring positive results. Otherwise, the new wave of reforms will once again be painful and, to a certain extent, meaningless.

The degree of theoretical development of the problem. The problem of the influence of natural conditions on the course of Russian history was given much attention in the works of pre-revolutionary historians of the 19th - early 20th centuries S.M. Solovyova, V.O. Klyuchevsky, N.I. Kostomarova. In their works, the history of the people of Russia was considered mainly as a derivative of their character, special, in the apt expression of V.G. Belinsky, “manner of understanding things”1, and this manner was an imprint of the surrounding landscape.2

1 Belinsky V.G. Quote according to ed. : Reflections on Russia and Russians. Touches to the portrait of the Russian national character. - M.: “Pravda International”, 1996, pp.

2 Klyuchevsky V.O. Essays. In 9 volumes - M.: Mysl, 1987-1988; Kostomarov N.I. Home life and morals of the Great Russian people. - M.: Economics, 1993; Soloviev S.M. Essays. In 18 books. History of Russia from ancient times. - M.: Mysl, 1989-1992.

The founder of the cultural-historical approach was N.Ya. Danilevsky, however, this approach was thoroughly developed directly as a civilizational one in Western social thought, primarily in the works of O. Spengler, P. Sorokin, A. Toynbee.1

The civilizational approach to the analysis of the historical path of Russia began to be vigorously developed in Russian thought only in the second half of the 80s. twentieth century. As reforms slowed down, the problem of the civilizational specifics of Russian society came to the center of attention of Russian social science. The discussion of the issues of determining the content of reforms of society by its civilizational characteristics, its inherent system of values ​​as the core of culture, and their determination of the processes of social life was devoted in the 90s. significant amount of literature2 Large

1 Danilevsky N.Ya. Russia and Europe - M.: Book, 1991; Spengler O. The Decline of Europe: Essays on the Morphology of World History - M.: Mysl, 1993; Sorokin P. A. About the Russian nation. Russia and America. -M. 1992; Sorokin P. A. Public textbook of sociology. Articles from different years. - M.: Nauka, 1994; Sorokin P.A. Human. Civilization. Society. -M.: Politizdat, 1992; Toynbee A. J. Comprehension of history: -M.: Progress, 1991.

2 See: Vasilenko I.A. Dialogue of civilizations: sociocultural problems of political partnership. -M.: Editorial URSS, 1999; Gachev G.D. National images of the world. America in comparison with Russia and the Slavs. - M.: Raritet, 1997; Glushenkova E. The global crisis of civilization, sustainable development and the political future of Russia http://www.ccsis.msk.ru/Russia/4/Glob33.htm; Golts G.A. Culture and economics: search for relationships // Social sciences and modernity 2000. No. 1; Spiritual arrangement of Russia. Collection. - Kursk: GUIPP “Kursk”, 1996; Erasov B. S. Spiritual foundations and dynamics of Russian civilization, http://scd.plus.centro.ni/7.htm; Erasov B.S. On the geopolitical and civilizational structure of Eurasia // Civilizations and Cultures. Scientific almanac. Vol. 3. Russia and the East: geopolitics and civilizational relations. M.: Publishing house of the Institute of Oriental Studies, 1996; Erasov B.S. Civilization theory and Eurasian studies // Civilizations and cultures. Scientific almanac. Vol. 3. Russia and the East: geopolitics and civilizational relations. - M.: Publishing house of the Institute of Oriental Studies, 1996; Ilyin V.V., Akhiezer A.S. Russian statehood: origins, traditions, prospects. M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1997; Lurie S.B. People’s perception of the territory being developed // Social sciences and modernity 1998. No. 5; Ionov I.N. Paradoxes of Russian civilization (in the wake of one scientific discussion) // Social Sciences and Modernity 1999 No. 5; Lurie S.B. Nationalism, ethnicity, culture. Categories of science and historical practice // Social Sciences and Modernity 1999 No. 4; Mamut L.S. The image of the state as an algorithm of political behavior // Social Sciences and Modernity 1998. No. 6; Martynov A.S., Vinogradov V.G. Dominant types of cultures of environmental management and relationships with nature. http://www.sci.aha.ru/ATL/ra22a.htm; Makhnach V. Other. Reader on the new Russian self-awareness. Russia in the 20th century (Diagnosis of a cultural historian). http://vvww.russ.ru/ antolog/inoe/mahnach.htm/mahnach.htm; Mezhuev V.M. Russian path of civilizational development “Power” 1996 No. 11; Mitrokhin S.S. State policy and society values ​​// Political studies 1997. No. 1; Nazaretyan A.P. “Aggression, morality and crises contributed to the development of the problems of Russia as a state and Russian civilization through the works of A.S. Akhiezera, B.S. Erasova, V.M. Mezhueva.1 The enormous legacy of the outstanding philosophers of the Russian diaspora N.A. was returned from oblivion. Berdyaeva, G.P. Fedotova, P.A. Sorokin, ideologists of Eurasianism. 2

A number of independent theoretical seminars on sociocultural methodology for analyzing Russian society were devoted to the current state of spiritual processes in Russia and the reasons for their crisis situation. The materials of these seminars were published on the Internet. Among them are the works of A.S. Akhiezera, I.Gr. development of world culture. (Synergetics of the social process). - M.: Association “Knizhnik”, 1995; Naishul V.A. On the norms of modern Russian statehood. http://www.inme.ru./norms.htm; Nalimov V.V. In search of other meanings. - M.: Progress Publishing Group, 1993; Panarin A.S. Global political forecasting in conditions of political instability. - M.: Editorial URSS, 1999; Polyakov L.V. Methodology for studying Russian modernization // Political Studies 1997 No. 3; Shapovalov V.F. Perception of Russia in the West: myths and reality // Social Sciences and Modernity 2000. No. 1; Yakovenko I. Gr. Power in Russian traditional culture: experience of cultural analysis http://scd.plus.centro.ni/3.htm; Yakovenko I.G. Confrontation as a form of dialogue (dynamic aspect of Western perception). //Frontiers 1995 No. 6; pp. 106-123; Yakovenko I.G. The past and present of Russia: the imperial ideal and national interest // Political Studies 1997 No. 4, pp. 88-96; Yanov A.L. Methodology for studying political tradition in Russia, http://scd.plus.centro.ru/22.htm

1 See: Akhiezer A.S. Russia: criticism of historical experience. - M.: Publishing House of the Philosophical Society of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1991; Akhiezer A.S. Specifics of the historical path of Russia. http:// www.libertarium.ru/libertarium/llibahies3; Erasov B.S. Spiritual foundations and dynamics of Russian civilization, http://scd.plus.centro.ni/7.htm; Erasov B.S., Avanesova G.A. Problems of analysis of the dyad center - periphery of civilizations // Comparative study of civilizations. - M.: Aspect Press, 1999; Mezhuev V.M. Russian path of civilizational development // “Power” 1996. No. 11.

2 Berdyaev N.A. The sin of war. - M.: Culture, 1993; Berdyaev N.A. About the purpose of a person. - M.: Republic, 1993; Berdyaev N.A. The fate of Russia. - M.: Soviet writer, 1990; Berdyaev N.A. Philosophy of freedom. Origins and meaning of Russian communism. - M.: ZAO “Svarog and 1C”, - 1997; Vernadsky G.V. Ancient Rus': Transl. from English - Tver: LEAN; M.: AGRAF, 1996;Vernadsky G.V. Russian historiography. - M.: AGRAF, 1998; Gumilev L.N. From Rus' to Russia: essays on ethnic history. - M.: Ecopros, 1992; Gumilev L.N. Rhythms of Eurasia: eras and civilizations. - M.: Ecopross, 1993; Fedotov G.P. On holiness, intelligentsia and Bolshevism: Selected articles. - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Publishing House. University, 1994; Fedotov G.P. Fate and sins of Russia / selected articles on the philosophy of Russian history and culture: In 2 volumes - St. Petersburg: Sofia, 1991; Sorokin P.A. About the Russian nation. Russia and America. -M. 1992; Sorokin P. A. Public textbook of sociology. Articles from different years. - M.: Nauka, 1994; Sorokin P.A. Human. Civilization. Society-M.: Politizdat, 1992. Gumilyov L.N. From Rus' to Russia: essays on ethnic history. - M.: Ecopros, 1992; Russia between Europe and Asia: Eurasian temptation: An Anthology. - M.: Nauka, 1993; Savitsky P.N. Eurasianism as a historical plan // Social theory and modernity. Vol. 18. Eurasian project of modernization of Russia: “for” and “against”. - M.: Publishing house RAGS, 1995.

Yakovenko, G.A. Goltsa, I.N. Ionova, A.L. Troshina, A.L. Yanova, A. Shemyakina.1

An interesting idea was put forward to create a comprehensive scientific discipline - Russian studies.2

At the same time, it should be noted that the theoretical positions of modern authors are highly original, which makes it difficult and, moreover, almost impossible to theoretically develop optimal means of leading the country out of the crisis onto the path of dynamic development. As an ideological basis for the unification of Russian society, four main socio-political positions are proposed, with conditional simplification, namely, state-centralizing, liberal-democratic, Orthodox-autocratic and socialist.

The existence of an integral position that could combine all those mentioned, taking from them what is practically useful, is difficult to see today. A civilizational approach can undoubtedly help here. There are a number of works that deserve close attention.3

Despite the active discussion of the characteristics of Russian civilization, it is still very little studied from the point of view of the nature of the relationship between the center and the regions. In the 90s, a new science arose and took shape - regional studies, which examines the country

1 Sociocultural methodology for analyzing Russian society. Independent theoretical seminar. http://scd.plus.centro.ru

2 Shapovalov V.F. Russian studies as a comprehensive scientific discipline // Social Sciences and Modernity 1994. No. 2.

3 Alekseeva T., Gorodetsky A. et al. Centrist project for Russia // Free Thought 1994. No. 4; Alekseeva T., Kapustin B., Pantin I. Integrative ideology: An invitation to reflection // Power 1996. No. 11; Political centrism in Russia - M.: Foundation for the Development of Political Centrism, 1999. from the point of view of the “population-economy-nature” system,1 however, the regions of Russia are practically not considered in it as subcivilizations of Russian civilization, which have their own characteristics determined by the history of their formation and development. Theoretical understanding of this aspect of regional problems still awaits serious study.

As for the value system as the basis for the existence of civilizational formations, until now insufficient attention has been paid to the mechanism for changing these systems and to the analysis of the conditions under which the successful formation and emergence of a new system becomes possible. The existence of a state and its well-being are associated with the presence in society of such a system of values, the main, basic values ​​of which are capable of providing a response adequate to the challenges of the environment. In this case, of course, this means not only and so much the natural environment as the outside world, militarily and economically strong states surrounding Russia, which may pose a threat to the country’s national security.2

In Russian philosophical thought, despite the difficult ideological conditions, in the 60s - 70s of the 20th century, a new philosophical direction was actually created - axiology. The concept of value, the systemic nature of society’s values, methods of forming values ​​and value attitudes were defined, the principles of the influence of value hierarchies on social processes were discussed,3

1 See: Matrusov N.D. Regional forecasting and regional development of Russia. - M: Nauka, 1995; Ignatov V.G., Butov V.I. Regional studies (methodology, politics, economics, law). - Rostov n/d: publishing center “MarT”, 1998; Regional studies: Textbook for universities / T.G. Morozova, M.P. Won, S.S. Shgapov, P.A. Islyaev - M.: Banks and exchanges, UNITY, 1999; Titkov A.S. Images of regions in Russian mass consciousness // Political studies 1999. No. 3; Tsyurupa A.I. Alaska, Kamchatka and Siberia in the geopolitical area // Political studies 1998. No. 2.

2 See: Crisis society. Our society in three dimensions. - M.: IFRAN, 1994.

3 See: Tugarinov V.P. Selected philosophical works. - L.: Leningrad University Publishing House, 1988; Shishkin A.F., Shvartsman K.A. XX century and moral values ​​of humanity. - M.: Mysl, 1968; Arkhangelsky L.M. Value orientations and moral development of the individual. - M.: “Knowledge”, 1978; Zdravomyslov A.G. Needs. Interests. Values. - M.: Publishing House of Political Literature, 1986; Bogat E.M. Feelings and things. - M.: Politizdat, 1975; Anisimov S.F. however, the results obtained were little used in practice. The dominant ideology tried to absorb all spiritual and value issues, especially the problem of the practical formation of values ​​and value attitudes among various social groups. Hence, apparently, that touch of abstraction and abstract reasoning that is often found in the literature on value issues of those years.

In the 90s, the theoretical development of problems of values ​​did not attract much attention from researchers (the exception is the fundamental work of M.S. Kagan “Philosophical Theory of Value”)1; it was mainly addressed by religious thinkers.2

The goals and objectives of the study are determined by the chosen subject of research, which can be defined as the value system of Russian society. The most important goal of the study is to find ways to overcome the crisis state of Russian society and integrate it into a single whole, through an analysis of the value system that unites all layers of society. The work involves a socio-philosophical analysis of Russian society from the point of view of the civilizational approach, the peculiarities of the formation and historical development of the value system of Russian civilization as a whole and its regional subcivilization - the Russian North.

The logic of the goal predetermined the following specific research objectives:

Spiritual values: production and consumption. - M.: Mysl, 1988; Kortava V.V. On the issue of value determination of consciousness. - Tbilisi: “Metsniereba” - 1987; Kagan M.S. Human activity. (Experience in systems analysis). - M.: Politizdat, 1974.

1 Kagan M.S. Philosophical theory of value. - St. Petersburg: TK Petropolis LLP, 1997.

2 See: (Peasant), Archimandrite John. Sermons. - M.: New book, 1993; Men A.B. Be a Christian. - M: Anno Domini, 1994; Men A.B. Culture and spiritual ascent. - M.: Art, 1992.

Determine the nature of values;

Show the role of values ​​as the core, the basis of the existence of civilization;

Reveal the uniqueness of Russian civilization, the peculiarities of the evolution of its value system;

Consider the problem of regional subcivilizations within the framework of a single Russian civilization and show the presence in each of them of its own historical path of formation and change of value orientations and preferences;

Provide an analysis of the features of the formation of a new value system in Russian society.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it: a) shows the process of formation of the value system of Russian society, determined by the nature of interaction of society with the environment, the level of its economic, political and cultural development; b) the historical process of the formation of Russian civilization is considered from the point of view of its inherent value and semantic norms, in the presence of the main system-forming value - the value of a strong state; c) the specifics of the Russian North are identified in the general paradigm of Russian civilization from the point of view of adaptation of its population to the environment; c!) In the end, it was proved that northern society consists of three social strata of the population of different types of economy, which divide the living space of the northern territories among themselves and fit into the all-Russian civilizational context in different ways; f) the conclusion is substantiated that the northern society forms a unique subcivilization, which is a peripheral part of the Russian one;

1) the concept of multi-level social integration of Russian society is proposed, consisting, on the one hand, of the vertical integration of regions-subcivilizations around the center, and on the other hand, of the horizontal integration of regions among themselves, and vertical integration acts as a determinant in relation to horizontal integration; g) a new approach to solving the problem of forming a modern system of values ​​in Russian society is formulated, based on the need for an organic combination of all-Russian basic values ​​and the values ​​of northern society, which has retained many features of traditional society.

The methodological and theoretical foundations of the study, in addition to the above-mentioned civilizational approach to the analysis of history, are also systemic, comparative historical and sociocultural approaches. The use of these approaches in their entirety makes it possible to identify the most significant trends in the general course of development of Russian society in the past and present, and to outline ways of its consolidation based on the creation of an integral system of values.

The theoretical and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that its main provisions and conclusions can be used in determining ways to reform the socio-economic, political and spiritual spheres of life of Russian society, as well as in the processes of developing regional programs for economic and cultural development.

The results obtained in the work can be used in methods for studying social processes at the regional level. A new look at the relationship between the center and the regions allows us to outline specific ways to harmonize existing tensions between them and contribute to the consolidation of the country.

Approbation of work. The dissertation was discussed at a meeting of the problem group of the department of history of Russian statehood and social and philosophical thought and was recommended for defense. The main provisions and theoretical conclusions of the work are presented in publications.

The structure and scope of the work correspond to the goals and objectives of the study. The thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a bibliography. The first chapter is devoted to consideration of the problems of defining the concept of value, the main features of the formation and change of value systems in society, the complexity of the place and functions of value systems as society develops. The second chapter of the dissertation examines the process of formation of the value system of Russian society in the course of its centuries-old historical development. The third chapter examines the historical path of development of the value system of the northern regions, as a fully established subcivilization.

Conclusion

The analysis of Russian society revealed its main parameters, principles of functioning and causes of internal contradictions that can be eliminated. Their elimination will entail the consolidation of its strength and potential.

The main source of contradictions is the relationship between the state and the people, which politically resulted in relations between the center and the regions, due to the fact that the center historically took upon itself all state-forming functions, and provided the functions of resource support for state building to the regions. This situation has developed historically on the basis of the extensive development of the country, which was determined by the initial poverty of the main source of resources, which until recently was agricultural production. The state kept the people and regions in this position with the help of a powerful state machine, giving rise to a special Russian statism. Its consequence was a split as a reaction of the people to such a technology of government.

The idea that unites the parties was and remains the idea of ​​a powerful power, hence the leading unifying value of the Russian system has become the value of a strong state, which includes the values ​​of security, stability of the international situation and the internal affairs of the country. The success of the center in achieving its goals made it possible to form a special, very unique civilization within the borders of Russia, on the basis of the established system of values.

Recently, there has been a turn in the general course of the country's development, due to Russia's entry into the stage of reform, as a result of which the main source of resources has changed and a general democratization of life has occurred. The inability of the state machine to flexibly and quickly restructure led to open tension between the center and the regions and split off a number of its peripheries from the core of civilization. The state, historically occupied with the process of reproducing itself, did not reduce its functions and did not hand over part of the power to the democratically prepared people and regions directly in time.

However, in the conditions of the development of a democratic society, there is no need to maintain a powerful state machine, and state-forming functions, the functions of civilizational bonds, can move from a bureaucratic machine to an ideological one, working through high culture and the media. With a developed high culture and a network of higher education, a single information space, with the development of different sectors of the economy, the integration of the economic economy, the role of the state as the sole guarantor of the integrity of the country can be reduced and brought into line with the real need for it.

Under these conditions, the national idea that binds the country together becomes extremely important, but attempts to create it have encountered resistance at the regional level. This could be expected, since in principle there was no thought about the regional idea as an integral part of the national idea.

Now the ideological and philosophical life of the regions proceeds at the level of regional myths, more or less corresponding to the real socio-economic processes taking place in them. Until relatively recently, these processes took place within individual regions, but now they have gone beyond the framework of not only the regions, but also the country, which corresponds to the general logic of the development of world economic processes at the beginning of the 21st century, despite the fact that the role of the region as a subject of this process has increased, and the role of the center tends to decrease. The process of globalization and the process of individualization are dialectically related processes.

The question arises of what can serve as the basis of ideological connection in a country that is breaking up into regions, subcultures, subcivilizations, social groups and individuals, in a situation where pluralism becomes an urgent requirement of the time. The analysis showed that the basis of such a connection can be the original Russian value of a strong state, associated with high economic potential and level of well-being, a strong international position and, most importantly, with a high ability to find consensus in a situation where the specific interests of various subjects do not coincide. With all the strength of tendencies towards isolation, regions, more than ever before, need a coordinating center that ensures the unity of space - economic, political, cultural, etc. The new role of the center will strengthen its position from the point of view of the core of civilization, which is more significant in the modern world than the position of the bureaucratic machine.

The political expression of these principles of relations between the center and the regions are the principles of federalism, which presupposes a single form of government in all its subjects, economic responsibility and independence of the subject within its borders, and the regulatory role of the center. Within the framework of the federal economic model, it is possible to build a post-industrial society in which the post-material values ​​of the population dominate. It is within the framework of this society that it will be possible to overcome the environmental crisis, fundamentally different models of economic activity will be found, and the previous resource-intensive production will gradually be rebuilt. Accordingly, those natural resources that are necessary for the economy now will no longer be needed. This scenario makes Russia’s transition to sustainable development possible.

It is worth noting that the principles of democratic communication, economic independence of regions, increasing the role of culture and education in the life of the population have led to the establishment of horizontal connections between subjects of government, and this situation is true not only for Russia. In addition, the depletion of resource sources and environmental crises have led to the emergence of another challenge from nature to man, which he is able to solve only by combining efforts on a territorial basis. All this leads to the creation of subcivilizations, which, being within the boundaries of global civilization, create their own local value priorities that regulate their life activities. The pioneers of such a movement are the countries of the Arctic region, which, being one of the last raw material and environmental reserves, poses its own challenge to the planet, the answer to which is circumpolar civilization.

This picture corresponds to the motley picture of the post-industrial world, which is characterized by pluralism and multipolarity, dialectically interconnected with the growing degree of unification of humanity. The growing diversity of cultures and civilizations does not eliminate, but reveals more clearly the integrity of humanity, the laws of world history, the commonality of historical destinies in every small corner of the Universe.

The national idea of ​​Russia, as a country-civilization that includes several subcivilizations, should have the attractiveness of a large civilizational idea that can combine subcivilizational ideas. Its citizenship should be built on the principles of coordination of rights and obligations, responsibility and legal capacity of regions among themselves and in relation to the center. The multipolarity of the world leads to the existence of attraction of its various centers, and regions, due to their geographical and industrial position, located in a position equidistant from different poles of attraction, will tend to gravitate towards that pole, to that association, membership in which will promise greater stability and prosperity. This is as true for foreign as for domestic policy.

Despite such big problems for the center at this political moment, the missing link in the chain of stabilization is now at the regional level. The problem of establishing a new system of regional values, understanding regional subcultures and economic processes is far from its theoretical and practical solution, since it was not even perceived as such in recent times.

The all-Russian value system should reflect the growing role of regional value systems and, above all, the northern society, which is the historical reserve of Russian statehood.

Modern high-tech technologies open up fundamentally new opportunities for the effective use of this experience in solving acute modern economic, political and social problems of the Russian North. But this task is not only technological, it is, first of all, a philosophical task associated with understanding the real ways and means of giving the disparate value orientations of the northern society a systemic character.

1. Avanesova G.A. Core-periphery and processes of regionalization of culture // Comparative study of civilizations: Reader: Textbook. A manual for university students / Compiled, ed. and entry Art. B.S. Erasov. M.: Aspect Press, 1999; pp. 186-190.

2. Akaemov. P. From Reykjavik to Salekhard: What was discussed at the PAIR conference // Russian Federation today, 1998 No. 10; pp. 35-36.

3. Aksyuchits V. Atheistic ideology. State. Church // Russian abroad in the year of the millennium of the baptism of Rus': Collection. -M.: Capital, 1991 - 464 p.

4. Alekseeva T.A. Does politics need philosophy? M.: Editorial URSS, 2000. - 128 p.

5. Alekseeva T.A., Kapustin B.G., Pantin I.K. Prospects for integrative ideology (Theses) // Political Studies 1997 No. 3; pp. 17-22.

6. Anisimov S.F. Spiritual values: production and consumption. M.: Mysl, 1988. - 253 p.

7. Arkhangelsk JI. M. Value orientations and moral development of the individual. M.: Knowledge, 1978. 64 p.

8. Akhiezer A. S. Legal and historical and cultural problems of dual power in Russia http://scd.plus.centro.ru/mnf.htm

9. Akhiezer. A. S. Problems of state power in Russia. // Frontiers -1996 No. 1; pp. 84-109.

10. Akhiezer A. S. Russia: criticism of historical experience. T.I. M.: Publishing House of the Philosophical Society of the USSR, 1991. - 318 p.

11. Akhiezer A. S. Russia: criticism of historical experience. (Sociocultural Dictionary). Volume III. M.: Publishing House of the Philosophical Society of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1991.-470 p.

12. Akhiezer A. S. Specifics of the historical path of Russia, http: //www. Iibertarium.ru/libertarium/llibahies3

13. Babakov V. G. Crisis ethnic groups - M.: IFRAN, 1993. 183 p.

14. Baranov Vladimir. Exodus // Computerra. (Computer Weekly) January 18, 2000 No. 2; P.35-37.

15. Barents Euro-Arctic region. Regional Council. Activity report 1996. Luleå (Sweden) 1997.

16. Barents program 1994/1995. International Organization of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region.

17. Belenkina T.I. Waste trades of peasants of the Komi region in the first half of the 19th century // Questions of the history of the Komi ASSR. Proceedings of the IYALI Komi branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Issue 16. Syktyvkar, 1975.

18. Berdyaev N. A. Sin of war. M.: Culture, 1993. - 272 p.

19. Berdyaev N. A. On the purpose of a person. M.: Republic, 1993. - 383 p. - (B-ka of ethical thought)

20. Berdyaev N. A. The fate of Russia. M.: Soviet writer, 1990. - 346 p.

21. Berdyaev N. A. Philosophy of freedom. Origins and meaning of Russian communism. M.: ZAO "Svarog and K", - 1997. - 415 p.

22. Brzezinski 3. The Great Chessboard. American dominance and its strategic imperatives. M.: International relations, 1998. -256 p.

23. Bogat E. M. Feelings and things. M.: Politizdat, 1975. 304 p.

24. Borev Yu. B. Aesthetics. 4th ed., add. - M.: Politizdat, 1988. -496 e.: ill.

25. The future of Russia and the latest sociological approaches. All-Russian scientific conference. Abstracts of reports. Moscow. February 10-12, 1997. 26 p.

26. Be a face: the values ​​of civil society. / Ed. IN AND. Bakshtanovsky, Yu.V. Sogomonova, V.A. Churilova. Volume I. Tomsk: Publishing house Vol. un-ta. 1993. - 259 p.

27. Byzov L. The formation of a new political identity in post-Soviet Russia: the evolution of socio-political orientations and public demand http://pubs.carnegie.ru/books/ 1999/09ag/02.azr

28. Valentey S. D. Federalism: Russian history and Russian reality. M.: Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1998. - 132 p.

29. Vapentey. S., Nesterov L. Global and Russian trends in the accumulation of public wealth // Federalism 1999. No. 3; S. 6990.

30. Vasilenko I.A. Dialogue of civilizations: sociocultural problems of political partnership. M.: Editorial URSS, 1999. - 272 p.

31. Vahtre L. History of Estonian culture. Short review. Tallinn: Jaan Tõnisson Institute, 1994. - 229 p.

32. Vernadsky V.I. The beginning and eternity of life. M: “Soviet Russia” 1989. -703 p.

33. Vernadsky. IN AND. Scientific thought as a planetary phenomenon / Rep. ed. A.L. Yanshin; Preface A.L. Yanshina, F.T., Yanshina.; USSR Academy of Sciences M.: Nauka, 1991, - 270 p.

34. Vernadsky G.V. Ancient Rus': Transl. from English Tver: LEAN; M.: AGRAF, 1996. - 447 p. - (History of Russia, vol. 1.)

35. Vernadsky G.V. Russian historiography. M.: AGRAF, 1998. - 447 p. -(New story).

36. Vilchek G. The harsh reality of the Arctic: on the problems of sustainable development of the Arctic // Eurasia: environmental monitoring, 1996 No. 2; pp. 8-18.

37. Windelband V. History of philosophy: Trans. with him. K.: Nika-center, 1997. 560 pp. - (Series “Cognition”; Issue 5).

38. Windelband V. From Kant to Nietzsche / Transl. with him. Ed. A.I. Vvedensky M.: “Canon-press”, 1998. - 496 p. - (“Canon of Philosophy”),

39. Windelband V. Philosophy of culture and transcendental idealism / Culturology. XX century: Anthology M.: Lawyer, 1995; P. 5768.

40. Vlasov P. Peace in the Barents Sea: American-Norwegian negotiations // Expert, 1999. No. 40; pp. 16-17.

41. Volkov V.V. Monopoly on violence and hidden fragmentation of the Russian state. (Research hypothesis) // Political studies 1998. No. 5; pp. 39-47.

42. Gaman Golutvina O.V. Political elites of Russia. - M.: Intellect, 1998.-415 p.

43. Gachev G.D. National images of the world. America in comparison with Russia and the Slavs. M.: Raritet, 1997. - 680 p.

44. Gellner E. Nations and nationalism. Per. from English ed. and after. I.I. Krupnik. M.: Progress, 1991. - 320 p.

45. Glushenkova E. Global crisis of civilization, sustainable development and political future of Russia http://www.ccsis.msk.ru/ Russia/4/Glob33.htm

47. Golubchikov Yu.N. Russian North in modern geopolitics // Social sciences and modernity 1999. No. 1; pp. 125-130.

48. Golts G.A. Culture and economics: search for relationships // Social sciences and modernity 2000. No. 1; pp. 23-35.

49. Golts G.A. About the universal and specific in the history of Russia./ Sociocultural methodology for analyzing Russian society. Independent theoretical seminar No. 21. October 21, 1998 http://scd.plus.centro.ru/23.htm

50. City in the Arctic and the environment. Abstracts of the International Conference. Syktyvkar, 1994 -112 p.

51. Gumilev JI.H. From Rus' to Russia: essays on ethnic history./ Afterword. S.B. Lavrova. M.: Ecopros, 1992. - 336 p.

52. Gumilev JT.H. Rhythms of Eurasia: eras and civilizations / Preface. S.B. Lavrova. M.: Ecopross, 1993. - 576 p.

53. Danilevsky N.Ya. Russia and Europe / Comp., preface. and comments by S.A. Vaigacheva, - M.: Book, 1991, - 574 p.

54. Dean K. Delis, K. Phillips. The paradox of passion: she loves him, but he doesn’t: Per. from English M.: "MIRT", 1994. - 447 p. (“The path to success = The path to happiness”),

55. Dynamics of values ​​of the population of reformed Russia. / RAS. Institute of Philosophy; resp. ed. N.I. Lapin, L.A. Belyaeva. M.: Editorial URSS, 1996.-224 p.

56. Diogenes Laerthecus. About the life, teachings and sayings of famous philosophers / Ed. volumes and authors entry Art. A.F. Losev; Translation by M.L. Gasparova. 2nd ed. - M.: Thought, - 1986. - 571 p. - (Philosophical heritage).

57. Spiritual arrangement of Russia. Collection. Kursk: GUIPP "Kursk", 1996. - 224 p.

58. Esakov V.A. The city as a social reality. Dissertation for the scientific degree of Candidate of Sciences. philosophical sciences. M. RAGS, 1999. -144 p.

59. Erasov B. S. Spiritual foundations and dynamics of Russian civilization. http://scd.plus. centro.ru/7. htm

60. Erasov B.S. On the geopolitical and civilizational structure of Eurasia // Civilizations and Cultures. Scientific almanac. Vol. 3. Russia and the East: geopolitics and civilizational relations. M.: Publishing house of the Institute of Oriental Studies, 1996. - 415 e.; pp. 86-102.

61. Erasov B.S. Civilization theory and Eurasian studies // Civilizations and cultures. Scientific almanac. Vol. 3. Russia and the East: geopolitics and civilizational relations. M.: Publishing House of the Institute of Oriental Studies, 1996, - 415 units; pp. 3-28.

62. Erasov B.S., Avanesova G.A. Problems of analysis of the center-periphery dyad of civilizations // Comparative study of civilizations: Reader: Textbook. A manual for university students / Compiled, ed. and entry Art. B.S. Erasov. M.: Aspect Press, 1999; pp. 180-183.

63. Life values ​​of Russians: is our mentality changing? http://www.nns.ru/analytdoc/doclacß.html

64. Zaifudim P. Kh. Health of the owners of the North. http://mfV.samovar.ru/library/nl 4/north.html

65. Zdravomyslov A.G. Needs. Interests. Values. M.: Publishing House of Political Literature, 1986, - 221 p.

66. Zotova Z.M. Optimization of relationships between the center and the regions // Political studies 1998. No. 3; pp. 204-207.

67. Zyryanov P.N. Stolypin and the fate of the Russian village // Social Sciences and Modernity 1991. No. 4; pp. 114 124.

68. Ilyenkov E.V. Philosophy and culture. M.: Politizdat, 1991. - 464 pp. - (Thinkers of the 20th century).

69. Ilyin V.V. Philosophy: Textbook for universities, - M.: Academic project, 1999, - 592 p.

70. Ilyin V.V., Akhiezer A.S. Russian statehood: origins, traditions, prospects. M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1997. - P.384.

71. Ilyin V.V., Panarin A.S. Philosophy of politics. M: Publishing house of Moscow State University, 1994.-283 p.

72. Ionov I.N. Paradoxes of Russian civilization (in the wake of one scientific discussion) // Social Sciences and Modernity, 1999, No. 5; pp. 115-127.

73. Kagan M.S. Human activity. (Experience in systems analysis). -M.: Politizdat, 1974 328 p.

74. Kagan. M.S. Philosophical theory of value. St. Petersburg: TK Petropolis LLP, 1997. - 205 p.

75. Kamkin A.B. Social life of a northern village of the 18th century (ways and forms of peasant public service). / Textbook for the special course. Vologda. 1990. - 96 p.

76. Kant. I. Works in 8 volumes, - M.: “Choro” 1994, volume 4 630 e.; v.8 - 718 p.

77. Kapustin B.G. Ideology and politics in post-communist Russia. - M.: Editorial URSS, 2000. 136 p.

78. Kent R. Salamis. / Per. from English, ed., afterword. and note. N.Ya Bolotnikova. Rice. Author. M.: Mysl, 1970. - 383 p.

79. Clement O. Questions about man // Russian abroad in the year of the millennium of the baptism of Rus': Collection. M.: Stolitsa, 1991, - 464 p.

80. Klyuchevsky V.O. Essays. In 9 volumes. T.2. Russian history course. 4.2 / Afterword and comment. compiled by V.A. Alexandrov, V.G. Zimina. M.: Mysl, 1987. - 447 p.

81. Klyuchevsky V.O. Essays. In 9 volumes T.Z. Russian history course. Ch.Z / Ed. VL Ioannina; Afterword and comment. compiled by V.A. Alexandrov, V.G. Zimina. M.: Mysl, 1988. - 414 p.

82. Kovalskaya G. I will not choose young people // Results. (Weekly magazine) November 16, 1999 No. 46; pp. 20-25.

83. Kolesnikov P.A. Northern Rus' (Archival sources on the history of the peasantry and agriculture of the 18th century) Vologda, 1971.-208 p.

84. Kolesnikov P.A. Northern Rus'. Issue 2. (Archival sources on the history of the European North of Russia in the 18th century) Vologda, 1973. -223 p.

85. Konovalov V. Does Russia need to develop and protect the North? // Dialogue, 1999 No. 6; P.62-73.

86. Conflicts and harmony in modern Russia (Social and philosophical analysis). M.: IFRAN, 1998. - 160 p.

87. Concept of state national policy of the Russian Federation. Materials of parliamentary hearings. March 19, 1996. -M.: Izvestia, 1996. 96 p.

88. Kortava V.V. On the issue of value determination of consciousness. -Tbilisi: “Metsniereba”, 1987. 64 p.

89. Kostomarov N.I. Home life and morals of the Great Russian people / Compilation, preface, notes C.J1. Nikolaev. M.: Economics, 1993. - 399 p.

90. Kotlobay JI. And Shamanism as a sociocultural phenomenon of folk culture. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of philosophical sciences M. RAGS, 1995. - 135 p.

91. Kotov P.P. Non-agricultural activities of the population of the Komi region at the end of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries. Syktyvkar: Syktyvkar State University, 1999. - 29 p.

92. Kradin N.H. Nomadism in civilizational and formational development // Civilizations. Vol. 3. M.: Nauka, 1995. - 234 e.; P.164-179.

93. Crisis society. Our society in three dimensions. M.: IFRAN, 1994. 245 p.

94. Kuznetsov N.A. Information interactions in nature, society, technology. // II All-Russian Scientific Conference “Russia XXI Century” Moscow 1999 Abstracts of reports; pp. 121-124.

95. Cultural studies. XX century: Anthology M.: Lawyer, 1995. -703 p. - (Faces of Culture).

96. Cultural studies. History of world culture: Textbook for universities / A.N. Markova, L.A. Nikitich, N.S. Krivtsova and others; Ed. prof. A.N. Markova.- M.: Culture and Sports, UNITY, 1995. 224 p.

97. Lebon. G. Psychology of peoples and masses. St. Petersburg: Model, 1995. - 316 p.

98. Leibin V.M. Freud, psychoanalysis and modern Western philosophy. M.: Politizdat, 1990. - 397 e.: photo.

99. YuZ. Leisio T. Self-awareness and national survival (using the example of forest Finns) // Finno-Ugric Studies, 1994, No. 2 (Yoshkar-Ola); pp.84-89.

100. Linz H., Stepan. A. Statehood, nationalism and democratization // Political Studies 1997 No. 5; P. 9 30.

101. Lorenz K. The reverse side of the mirror: Transl. with him. / Ed. A.B. Gladky; Comp. A.B. Gladky, A.I. Fedorov; Afterword by A.I. Fedorov. M.: Republic, 1998. - 393 p. (Thinkers of the 20th century).

102. Losev A.F. Daring of the spirit. M.: Politizdat, 1988. - 336 p. -(Personality. Morality. Education).

103. Lossky N.O. The character of the Russian people. Book one. Reprint reproduction of the 1957 edition “Posev” M.: Publishing House “Klyuch”, 64 p.

104. Lurie S.B. People’s perception of the territory being developed // Social sciences and modernity 1998. No. 5; pp. 61-74.

105. Lurie S.B. Nationalism, ethnicity, culture. Categories of science and historical practice // Social sciences and modernity 1999. No. 4, pp. 101-111.

106. Lyaporov V. Digital world. New person? // Computerra. (Computer Weekly) January 11, 2000 No. 1; pp. 24-25.

107. Sh.Mainov V. Forgotten river // Monuments of the Fatherland. Land of Komi. Almanac of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments, 1996 No. 36; P.74-82.

108. Malthus T.R. Experience on the law of population // Anthology of economic classics. In 2 volumes T.2. M.: “Economy”, 1992, - 486 p.

109. Mamardashvili. M. Kantian variations. M.: Agraf, 1997, - 320 p.

110. Mamut L.S. The state in the value dimension. M.: Publishing house NORMA, 1998.-48 p.

111. Mamut L.S. The image of the state as an algorithm of political behavior // Social Sciences and Modernity 1998. No. 6, pp. 8597.

112. Martynov A.S., Vinogradov V.G. Dominant types of cultures of environmental management and relationships with nature. http://www.sci.aha.ru/ATL/ra22a.htm

113. Makhnach V. Other. Reader on the new Russian self-awareness. Russia in the 20th century (Diagnosis of a cultural historian). http://www.russ.ru/ antolog/inoe/mahnach.htm/mahnach.htm

114. Mezhuev V.M. Russian path of civilizational development // Power 1996. No. 11;pp.41-50.

115. Milov JI. V. Natural-climatic factor and features of the Russian historical process // Questions of history 1992 No. 4 -5; pp. 37-56.

116. Mitrokhin S.S. State policy and society values ​​// Political studies 1997. No. 1; P.34-36.

117. Nazaretyan A.P. Aggression, morality and crises in the development of world culture. (Synergetics of the social process). - M.: Association “Knizhnik”, 1995. 163 p.

118. Naishul V.A. On the norms of modern Russian statehood, http: // www.inme.ru./norms.htm

119. There are no small nations / Comp. E.S. Korobova. M.: Young Guard, 1991. - 206 p. ill.

120. Nikolaev M. The Arctic in the planet’s value system http://sl.vntic.org.ru/Resurs/8.htm

121. Nietzsche. F. Works in 2 volumes; vol.2 M.: Mysl, 1997. - 829 p.

122. Nietzsche F. Thus spoke Zarathustra. M.: Progress, 1994. - 512 p.

123. Nietzsche F. The will to power. Experience of revaluation of all values ​​http://www.skrijali.ru/Nietzshepage/N-Volya.htm

124. Ortega and Gasset X. Selected works: Trans. from Spanish / Comp., preface. and general ed. A.M. Rutkevich. M.: Publishing house “The Whole World”, 1997. - 704 p.

125. Panarin A.S. Global political forecasting in conditions of political instability. M.: Editorial URSS, 1999. - 272 p.

126. Panarin A.S. Towards the reconstruction of the second world http://www.russ.ni/antolog/inoe/panar.htm

127. Peck M.S. Untrodden paths. New psychology of love, traditional values ​​and spiritual growth: Trans. from English H.H. Mikhailova. M.: Avicenna, UNITY, 1996. - 301 p. - (Foreign bestseller).

128. Penkov V.F., Kovrikova O.I. On the value orientations of the electorate (based on materials from sociological research in the Tambov region) / Edited by Professor Z.M. Zotova. Tambov, 1998. - 83 p.

129. Penkov E.M. Social norms regulate individual behavior. Some questions of methodology and theory. - M.: Mysl, 1972. - 198 p.

130. Peccei A. Human qualities / Transl. from English O.V. Zakharova. General ed. and entry Art. D.M. Gvishiani. Ed. 2. M.: Progress, 1985 - 312 p.

131. Pivovarov Yu. Fursov A. Russian System. // Frontiers 1995 No. 6; pp. 44-65.

132. Plekhanov G.V. Letters without an address. / Works. t.XIV. Ed. D. Ryazanov. M.: State Publishing House, 1925. - 350 p.

133. Plekhanov G.V. What is the dispute about? / Works. T.H. M.-J.I. : State Publishing House, 1925; pp. 399 407.

134. Plyusnin Yu. M. Psychology of survival. Worldview and social dispositions of the Pomor population of the Russian North. http://www.philosophy.nsc.ru/life/journals/humscience/l97/16plus. Htm

135. Along the road V. Phenomenology of the body. Introduction to Philosophical Anthropology. Materials of lecture courses 1992 -1994. M.: Ad Marginem, 1995. -339 p.

136. Political centrism in Russia M.: Foundation for the Development of Political Centrism, 1999. - 123 p.

137. Polyakov JI.B. Methodology for studying Russian modernization // Political Studies 1997 No. 3; P.5-15.

138. Prokhorov B.B. Russia is a northern country. North in anthropoecological terms. http://www.sci.aha.ru/ATL/ral lc.htm

139. Pryanishnikov N. Region. Culture. Development, http://www.ndm.ru/fest/doklad/prianishnikov.htm

140. Putin V.V. Russia at the turn of the millennium http://pravitelstvo.gov.ru/ goverment/minister/article-wpl.html

141. Reflections on Russia and Russians. Touches to the portrait of the Russian national character / Comp. and preface S.K. Ivanova. Titus ed. Yu.P. Senokosova. M.: “Pravda International”, 1996, - 464 p. - (Distant ancestors: 1st-15th centuries. Issue 1).

142. Rickert G. Sciences about nature and sciences about culture // Culturology. XX century: Anthology M.: Lawyer, 1995; pp. 69-103.

143. Rickert G. Philosophy of life: Transl. with him. K.: Nika-center, 1998. -512 p. - (Series “Cognition”; Issue 6).

144. Rickert G. Philosophy of history: Transl. with him. S. Hesse St. Petersburg, 1908, - 154 p.

145. Rosales J.M. Education of civic identity: on the relationship between nationalism and patriotism // Political studies 1999. No. 6; pp. 93-104.

146. Russia between Europe and Asia: Eurasian temptation: Anthology. / RAS. Institute of Philosophy; M.: Nauka, 1993. - 368 p. - (Russian sources of modern social philosophy).

147. Savitsky P.N. Eurasianism as a historical plan // Social theory and modernity. Release. 18. Eurasian project of modernization of Russia: “for” and “against”. - M.: Publishing house RAGS, 1995; S. 197213.

148. Savitsky P.N. Eurasian concept of Russian history // Social theory and modernity. Release. 18. Eurasian project of modernization of Russia: “for” and “against”. - M.: Publishing house RAGS, 1995; P.214-217.

149. Sazonov Yu. Screaming problems of the silent North // Parliamentary newspaper October 29, 1999. No. 206, p. 3.

150. Svanidze A.A. On the problem of continuity and interconnection of civilizations // Civilizations. Issue 3 M.: Nauka, 1995, - 234 e.; pp. 199 -202.

151. Northern Forum; materials http://www.nothernforum.org

152. Seytov A. Problems of management in the 21st century (based on materials from the Club of Rome) // Social Sciences and Modernity, 1992, No. 4: P. 97 109.

153. Semennikova L.I. Russia in the world community of civilizations: Textbook for universities. Ed. 3rd, revised and additional - Bryansk: “Kursiv”, 1999. - 558 p.

154. Sibirev. V. A. Changing social values ​​of youth. (Experience of comparative analysis) http:// www.soc.pn.ru/ publications/vestnik/ 1997/2/sibirev.html

155. Sidorov A.S. Witchcraft, witchcraft and magic. Materials on the psychology of witchcraft. SP b: Aletheya, 1997. - 272 p.

156. Smith A. Theory of moral feelings / Intro. Art. B.V. Meerovsky; Prepare text, comment. A.F. Gryaznova. M.: Republic, 1997. - 351 p. (B-ka of ethical thought).

157. Soloviev S.M. Essays. In 18 books. Book IV. History of Russia from ancient times. T. 7-8 / Rep. ed.: I.D. Kovalchenko, S.S. Dmitriev. M.: Mysl, 1989, - 752 p.

158. Soloviev S.M. Essays. In 18 books. Book VII. T. 13-14. History of Russia since ancient times Rep. Ed.: I.D. Kovalchenko, S.S. Dmitriev. -M.: Mysl, 1991. 701 p.

159. Sorokin P.A. About the Russian nation. Russia and America / Compiled, author of entry. Art. E.S. Troitsky M. 1992, 114 p.

160. Sorokin P. A. Public textbook of sociology. Articles from different years / Institute of Sociology. M.: Nauka, 1994. - 560 p. - (Sociological heritage).

161. Sorokin P.A. Human. Civilization. Society / Ed. and with a preface. and comp. A.Yu. Sogomonov. -M.: Politizdat, 1992. 542 p.

162. Social theory and modernity. Release. 18. Eurasian project of modernization of Russia: “for” and “against”, - M.: Publishing house RAGS, 1995, - 222 p.

163. Sociocultural methodology for analyzing Russian society. Independent theoretical seminar http://scd.plus.centro.ru

164. Society of the XXI century: market, company, person in the information society / ed. A.I. Kolganov. M.: Faculty of Economics, TNIS, 1998.-279 p.

165. Comparative study of civilizations: Reader: Textbook. A manual for university students / Compiled, ed. and entry Art. B.C. Erasov. M.: Aspect Press, 1999.- 556 p.

166. Starikov E. Different Russians // New World, No. 4, 1996; pp. 160 172.

167. Sychev Yu.V. Human existence: problems of determination and self-determination // Social theory and modernity / RAU, Humanitarian Center, department. philosophy. M., 1992. - Issue 5. - 99s.

168. Sychenkova E.V. Council of the Barents / Euro-Arctic region: features of foreign policy and foreign economic relations. Diss. for academic competition step, candidate of political sciences: M., RAGS 1998, - 152 p.

169. Tavadov G.T. Ethnology: dictionary-reference book. M.: Social. polit, journal, 1988.- 688 p.

170. Terra incognita of the Arctic / Ed.-comp. Tolkachev V.F. Arkhangelsk: Publishing House of Pomeranian Pedagogical University, 1996. - 303 p.

171. Tinbergen N. Animal behavior: Transl. from English / Preface K.E. Fabry. M.: Mir. 1985 .- 192 p. ill.

172. Titkov A.S. Images of regions in Russian mass consciousness // Political studies 1999. No. 3; pp. 61-75.

173. Tishkov V. The phenomenon of separatism // Federalism 1999 No. 3; pp. 5-32.

174. Toynbee A. J. Comprehension of history: Trans. from English / Comp. Ogurtsov A.P.; Entry Art. Ukolova V.I.; Closing Art. Rashkovsky E.B. M.: Progress, 1991, - 736 p.

175. Toffler E., Toffler X. Creation of a new civilization. Politics of the third wave http:// www.freenet.bishkek.su/jornal/n5/ЖNAL51 l.htm

176. Tugarinov V.P. Selected philosophical works. D.: Leningrad University Publishing House., 1988. - 344 p.

177. Ushakov V. Unthinkable Russia. Other. Reader of the new Russian self-awareness, http:// www.russ.rii/ antolog/inoe/ ushak.htm/ ushak.htm

178. Fedotov G.P. Fate and sins of Russia /selected articles on the philosophy of Russian history and culture/: In 2 vols/ Compiled, introductory article, notes by V.F. Boykov. St. Petersburg: Sofia, 1991. - 352 e.: portrait

179. Fedotova V.G. Anarchy and order. M.: Editorial URSS, 2000. -144 p.

180. Fedotova V.G. Modernization of the “other” Europe. M.:IFRAN, 1997 -255 p.

181. Theophrastus. Characters. Per., art. and notes by G.A. Stratanovsky. -M.: Scientific Publishing Center “Ladomir”, 1993. 123 p.

182. Philosophy of culture. Formation and development. St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Lan", 1998.-448 p.

183. Philosophy: foundations of social forecasting. M: Publishing house RAGS, 1996. - 240 p.

184. Frank S.L. Spiritual foundations in the life of society. M.: Republic, 1992.-511 p.

185. Frank S.L. Reality and man./ Comp. P.V. Alekseev; Note R.K. Medvedeva. M.: Republic, 1997. - 479 p. - (Thinkers of the 20th century).

186. Fromm E. Psychoanalysis and ethics. M.: Republic, 1993. - 415 p. - (B-ka of ethical thought).

187. Fukuyama F. Confucianism and democracy http://www.russ.ru/journal predely/97-l l-25/fuku.htm

188. Fursov A. Bells of history // Frontiers 1995 No. 2; pp. 3-31.

189. Habermas. Yu. Democracy. Intelligence. Moral. M.: Nauka, 1992. -176 p.

190. Heidegger M. European nihilism http://www.skrijali.ru/Nietzshe page/Heidegger.htm

191. Huntingon S. Clash of civilizations? // Political Studies 1994, No. 1; pp. 33-48.

192. Huntington S. The Clash of Civilizations and the Restructuring of the World Order http://www.mss.rn/joumal/peresmot/97-10-15/hantin.htm

193. Hord D. Modern classification of civilizations // Comparative study of civilizations M.: Aspect Press, 1999; pp.279-280.

194. Tsymbursky V.L. Russia Land beyond the Great Limitrophe: civilization and its geopolitics. - M.: Editorial URSS, 2000. - 144 p.

195. Tsyurupa A.I. Alaska, Kamchatka and Siberia in the geopolitical area // Political studies 1998. No. 2; pp. 83-87.

196. Chernyshov A.G. Center province in regional identity // Political studies 1999. No. 3; pp. 100-104.

197. What is the Barents Euro-Arctic region? Some facts and region. Information material. Published by the Barents Regional Secretariat. Luleå, Sweden. 1996, November.

198. Chuprov V.V. Land supply of peasant farms in the North at the beginning of the 20th century. // Economy of the northern peasantry in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Interuniversity collection of scientific papers. Syktyvkar 1987, - 122 p.

199. Chuprov I. Opinion of deputy I. Chuprov. Speech at the meeting on May 23, 1768 // Selected works of Russian thinkers of the second half of the 18th century. In 2 volumes. M.: State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1952; vol.2 pp.73-77.

200. Chukhina L.A. Man and his world of values ​​in religious philosophy. 2nd ed., revised. and additional - Riga: Zinatne, 1991. - 303 p.

201. Shangina V.V. Community land use in the former state village of the Komi region in the post-reform years of the 19th century // Economy of the northern peasantry in the 19th - early 20th centuries. Interuniversity collection of scientific papers. Syktyvkar 1987. 122 p.

202. Shapovalov V.F. Perception of Russia in the West: myths and reality // Social Sciences and Modernity 2000. No. 1, pp. 51-67.

203. Shapovalov V.F. Fundamentals of philosophy. From classics to modernity: Textbook for universities. M.: FAIR - PRESS, 1999. - 576 p.

204. Shapovalov V.F. Fundamentals of modern philosophy. Towards the end of the 20th century: A course of lectures for undergraduate and graduate students of universities in the humanities. M.: Flinta: Nauka, 1998. - 272 p.

205. Shapovalov V.F. Russian studies as a comprehensive scientific discipline // Social sciences and modernity. 1994 No. 2; P.37-46.

206. Shevchenko V.N. Crisis of consciousness of the intelligentsia: what next? // Centaur 1992 No. 11-12; P.8-16.

207. Shevchenko V.N. Prospects for the humanization of Russian society // Humanism at the turn of the millennium: idea, fate, prospect / Editorial Board: B.N. Bessonov, T.G. Bogatyreva, V.N. Shevchenko (executive editor) M.: “Gnosis”, 1997; P.56-64.

208. Shchedrovitsky P. Russian world. // Independent newspaper. 02/11/2000.No.25 (2087).

209. Sheler M. Selected works: Trans. from German / Transl. Denezhkina A.B., Malinkina A.N., Filippova A.F.; Ed. Denezhkina A.B. M.: Publishing house "Gnosis", 1994. - 490 p.

210. Shils E. Society and societies: a macrosociological approach // Comparative study of civilizations: Reader: Textbook. A manual for university students / Compiled, ed. and entry Art. B.S. Erasov. M.: Aspect Press, 1999. - 556 p.

211. Shishkin A.F., Shvartsman K.A. XX century and moral values ​​of humanity. M., “Thought”, 1968. 271 p.

212. Shkolenko Yu.A. 20th century values. M.: Knowledge, 1990. - 64 p. -(New in life, science, technology. Ser. “Theory and practice of socialism”; No. 6).

213. Spengler O. Decline of Europe: Essays on the morphology of world history: Gestalt and reality / Transl. with German, intro. Art. and note. K.A. Svasyana. M.: Mysl, 1993. - 666 p.

214. Yurechko O.N. The world of values ​​as a factor in human socialization. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of philosophical sciences. Moscow, RAGS, 1995. - 140 p.

215. Yadov V.A. Social theories on the threshold of the 21st century: crisis, discourse or integration? // The future of Russia and the latest sociological approaches. All-Russian scientific conference. Abstracts of reports. Moscow. February 10-12, 1997; pp. 3-4.

216. Yakovenko I. Gr. Power in Russian traditional culture: experience of cultural analysis. Sociocultural methodology for analyzing Russian society. Independent theoretical seminar No. 3, Moscow, June 26, 1996 http://scd.plus.centro.ni/3.htm

217. Yakovenko I.G. Confrontation as a form of dialogue (dynamic aspect of Western perception). // Frontiers 1995 No. 6; pp. 106-123.

218. Yakovenko I.G. The past and present of Russia: the imperial ideal and national interest // Political Studies 1997. No. 4.1. P.88-96.

219. Yakovets Yu.V. The path to partnership of local civilizations // Local civilizations in the 21st century: clash or partnership? Materials for the X interdisciplinary discussion. Kostroma, May 21, 1998 - M: 1998, - 142 p.

220. Yanov A.L. Methodology for studying political tradition in Russia. Sociocultural methodology for analyzing Russian society. Independent theoretical seminar. Moscow June 10, 1998 http://scd.plus.centro.ru/22.htm

221. Literature in foreign languages:

222. Charles A. Kupchan. Introduction: Nationalism resurgent // Nationalism and nationality in the new Europe. Edited by Charles A. Kupchan. Cornell university press. Ithaca and London. 1995. 224p.

223. Britain's Ethnic Minorities. Produced for the Foreing & Commonwealth Office. Printed in England: IB/ 2050 January 1993.