On November 9, 1818, a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, and simply a professional Russian writer was born. classical literature Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. His birthplace is the city of Orel. The writer's father was a retired officer, and his mother was a noblewoman.
Turgenev spent his entire childhood on his mother’s estate, where he received elementary education, and then in 1827 his family moved to Moscow, where they purchased a house. A little later they move abroad, Turgenev is brought up in a boarding school. And after 5 years, Ivan Sergeevich becomes a student at the Moscow State University, Faculty of Literature. But even here the Turgenev family had not decided on its location; as soon as Ivan Sergeevich’s elder brother entered the Guards Artillery, the writer and his parents moved to St. Petersburg, then Turgenev was transferred to the Faculty of Philosophy at a local university, which he graduated from in 1837.
During this time period, the writer first tried himself in literature. The first attempt was the poem “Wall” and a couple of lyric poems written in 1834. Turgenev's talent was also noticed by his teachers. In three years, the number of poems written by Ivan Sergeevich reached one hundred. And already in 1838, his poems “Evening” and “To the Venus of Medicine” were published in the Sovremennik magazine.
In order to improve his knowledge, the writer left for Berlin in 1838. There he actively improved himself, attended various lectures dedicated to literature. A year later he comes to Russia for a short time, and again goes to Germany, Austria and Italy. And only in 1841 Turgenev returned to his estate, and in next year he petitions Moscow University to be allowed to take the exam for the degree of Master of Philosophy.
In 1843, Ivan Sergeevich became an official, but interest in his work was lost very quickly. In the same year, he decided to devote his life to literature, after his poem “Parasha” was approved by people authoritative to him. Also in the same year, the writer met the French singer Pauline Viardot. And for several years he accompanied her on foreign tours, despite the fact that Ivan Sergeevich’s mother was against it.
Turgenev actively helps in updating the Sovremennik magazine and becomes best friend Nekrasova. The writer lives in several states, sometimes lives in Russia, sometimes goes abroad. The year 1852 became very significant for Turgenev’s work. After writing and publishing the series of stories “Notes of a Hunter,” Ivan Sergeevich became a world-famous writer. In the next decade, works that are the most significant in creative heritage Turgenev: “Rudin”, “ Noble Nest", "The Eve", "Fathers and Sons". And during the same period, Turgenev’s paths with Nekrasov and Sovremennik diverged.
In the 60s, Ivan Sergeevich became a resident of Baden-Baden and an active participant in Western European cultural life. He is engaged in communicating with many celebrities and promoting Russian literature abroad. In 1874, Turgenev moved to Paris, where his life developed rapidly. He becomes a participant and organizer of the famous “bachelor dinner of five”, in which many famous people take part foreign writers. Ivan Sergeevich becomes the most popular Russian writer in Europe, and becomes vice-president of the International Literary Congress, as well as an honorary doctor of Oxford University.
While Turgenev was outside Russia, some of his works were highly condemned by the public. For example, the novel “Smoke,” written in 1867.
In 1882, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev began to get sick, but despite his illness he continued to create. However, on September 3, 1883, the writer died; the cause was myxosarcoma.
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a famous Russian prose writer, poet, classic of world literature, playwright, critic, memoirist and translator. He has written a lot outstanding works. The fate of this great writer will be discussed in this article.
Early childhood
Turgenev's biography (brief in our review, but very rich in reality) began in 1818. The future writer was born on November 9 in the city of Orel. His dad, Sergei Nikolaevich, was a combat officer in a cuirassier regiment, but retired soon after Ivan’s birth. The boy’s mother, Varvara Petrovna, was a representative of a wealthy noble family. It was on the family estate of this powerful woman - Spasskoye-Lutovinovo - that the first years of Ivan’s life passed. Despite her heavy, unbending disposition, Varvara Petrovna was very enlightened and educated person. She managed to instill in her children (in the family, besides Ivan, his older brother Nikolai was raised) a love of science and Russian literature.
Education
The future writer received his primary education at home. So that it could continue in a dignified manner, the Turgenev family moved to Moscow. Here the biography of Turgenev (short) made new round: The boy's parents went abroad, and he was kept in various boarding houses. First he lived and was brought up in Weidenhammer's establishment, then in Krause's. At the age of fifteen (in 1833), Ivan entered Moscow State University at the Faculty of Literature. After the eldest son Nikolai joined the Guards cavalry, the Turgenev family moved to St. Petersburg. Here the future writer became a student at a local university and began studying philosophy. In 1837, Ivan graduated from this educational institution.
Trying out the pen and further education
For many, Turgenev’s work is associated with writing prose works. However, Ivan Sergeevich initially planned to become a poet. In 1934, he wrote several lyrical works, including the poem “The Wall,” which was appreciated by his mentor, P. A. Pletnev. Over the next three years, the young writer has already composed about a hundred poems. In 1838, several of his works (“To the Venus of Medicine,” “Evening”) were published in the famous Sovremennik. Young poet felt inclined to scientific activity and in 1838 went to Germany to continue his education at the University of Berlin. Here he studied Roman and Greek literature. Ivan Sergeevich quickly became imbued with the Western European way of life. A year later, the writer returned to Russia briefly, but already in 1840 he left his homeland again and lived in Italy, Austria and Germany. Turgenev returned to Spasskoye-Lutovinovo in 1841, and a year later he turned to Moscow State University with a request to allow him to take the examination for a master's degree in philosophy. This was denied to him.
Pauline Viardot
Ivan Sergeevich managed to obtain a scientific degree at St. Petersburg University, but by that time he had already lost interest in this type of activity. In search of a worthy career in life, in 1843 the writer entered the service of the ministerial office, but his ambitious aspirations quickly faded away. In 1843, the writer published the poem “Parasha,” which impressed V. G. Belinsky. Success inspired Ivan Sergeevich, and he decided to devote his life to creativity. In the same year, the biography of Turgenev (short) was marked by another fateful event: the writer met an outstanding French singer Pauline Viardot. Seeing the beauty in opera house St. Petersburg, Ivan Sergeevich decided to meet her. At first the girl did not pay attention to little-known writer, however, Turgenev was so struck by the singer’s charm that he followed the Viardot family to Paris. For many years he accompanied Polina on her foreign tours, despite the obvious disapproval of his relatives.
Creativity flourishes
In 1946, Ivan Sergeevich actively took part in updating the Sovremennik magazine. He meets Nekrasov, and he becomes his best friend. For two years (1950-1952), the writer was torn between abroad and Russia. Turgenev's creativity began to gain serious momentum during this period. The series of stories “Notes of a Hunter” was almost entirely written in Germany and made the writer famous throughout the world. In the next decade, the classic author created a number of outstanding prose works: “The Noble Nest”, “Rudin”, “Fathers and Sons”, “On the Eve”. During the same period, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev quarreled with Nekrasov. Their controversy over the novel “On the Eve” ended in a complete break. The writer leaves Sovremennik and goes abroad.
Abroad
Turgenev's life abroad began in Baden-Baden. Here Ivan Sergeevich found himself in the very center of Western European cultural life. He began to maintain relationships with many world literary celebrities: Hugo, Dickens, Maupassant, France, Thackeray and others. The writer actively promoted Russian culture abroad. For example, in 1874 in Paris, Ivan Sergeevich, together with Daudet, Flaubert, Goncourt and Zola, organized the now famous “bachelor dinners at five” in the capital’s restaurants. Turgenev's characterization during this period was very flattering: he turned into the most popular, famous and read Russian writer in Europe. In 1878, Ivan Sergeevich was elected vice-president of the International Literary Congress in Paris. Since 1877, the writer has been an honorary doctor of Oxford University.
Creativity of recent years
Turgenev's biography - short but vivid - indicates that long years spent abroad did not alienate the writer from Russian life and its pressing problems. He still writes a lot about his homeland. So, in 1867, Ivan Sergeevich wrote the novel “Smoke,” which caused a large-scale public outcry in Russia. In 1877, the writer composed the novel “New,” which became the result of his creative reflections in the 1870s.
Demise
For the first time, a serious illness that interrupted the writer’s life made itself felt in 1882. Despite severe physical suffering, Ivan Sergeevich continued to create. A few months before his death, the first part of the book “Poems in Prose” was published. Great writer died in 1883, September 3, in the suburbs of Paris. Relatives carried out the will of Ivan Sergeevich and transported his body to his homeland. The classic was buried in St. Petersburg at the Volkov cemetery. IN last way He was seen off by numerous admirers.
This is the biography of Turgenev (short). This man devoted his entire life to his beloved work and forever remained in the memory of his descendants as outstanding writer and a famous public figure.
The great Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born on November 9, 1818 into a noble family in Orel.
Turgenev's childhood biography is inextricably linked with his parents' estate in Spassko-Lutovinovo, Oryol province. Here he received his primary education and for the first time encountered the tyranny of serfdom. Later he studied at a private boarding school in Moscow, then at the universities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Berlin.
Turgenev's literary biography began with poetic works. In 1838-1847, he wrote and published lyrical poems and poems in magazines (“Parasha”, “Landowner”, “Andrey”, etc.). At first, Turgenev’s poetic creativity developed under the sign of romanticism, then realistic features prevailed in it.
Since 1847 literary biography Turgenev undergoes a sharp change: he left poetry and turned to prose. First prose work Turgenev “Khor and Kalinich” (1847) from the future “Notes of a Hunter” (1847-1852). Poetic experience also entered Turgenev’s prose work, which is distinguished by its special sensitivity to the rhythm of phrases and great musicality.
In 1847, Turgenev went abroad for a long time to visit the famous French singer Pauline Viardot. During this period, Turgenev continued to write essays and publish them in the Sovremennik magazine. In 1852, all the essays were published as a separate book called “Notes of a Hunter.”
In 1850, Turgenev returned to Russia and worked as an author and critic at Sovremennik. Along with “hunting” stories, plays also appear in Turgenev’s work. These are Turgenev’s works: “The Freeloader” (1848), “The Bachelor” (1849), “Provincial Girl” (1850), etc.
In 1852, for publishing an obituary prohibited by censorship in connection with the death of Gogol, Turgenev was arrested and then exiled to family estate. During his exile, Turgenev’s “folk” works “Mu-mu” (1852) and “The Inn” (1852) were written. However, the writer is increasingly occupied with the life of the Russian intelligentsia, to whom the following works of Turgenev are dedicated: “Diary extra person"(1850), "Yakov Pasynkov" (1855), "Correspondence" (1856).
Turgenev's creative biography is again undergoing changes: the author moves from short stories and novellas to novels. In the summer of 1855, the novel “Rudin” was written in Spassky. IN further creativity Turgenev's collection was replenished with the novels “The Noble Nest” (1859), “On the Eve” (1860), “Fathers and Sons” (1862).
The political situation in Russia in the early 60s was changing rapidly, preparations for reform began, giving rise to numerous plans for reconstruction. Turgenev took an active part in this process. Due to disagreements, Turgenev broke with the Sovremennik magazine.
In Turgenev's biography, moving began again. In 1863, the writer moved with the Viardot family to Baden-Baden and began collaborating with the liberal-bourgeois “Bulletin of Europe”. All were published here latest works Turgenev, including his last novel “Nov” (1876).
Following the Viardot family, Turgenev moved to Paris, then to London, then back to Paris, occasionally making short trips to Russia.
Turgenev's work began with poetic works (1837-1848) and ended with “Poems in Prose” (1877-1882). His poetic feeling was highly developed.
The social upsurge of student youth in Russia in the 70s made Turgenev’s work popular again. He was invited to move to his homeland, but in 1882 the writer was diagnosed with serious disease. On September 3, 1883, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev died in France, but, following his will, his body was transported to Russia and buried in St. Petersburg.
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev- Russian writer- realist , who fulfilled the mission of an intermediary between Russian and Western European cultures. His prose, which raised topical issues modern life and presenting a gallery of various human types, reflects historical path Russia of the 40-70s of the 19th century, illuminates the ideological and spiritual searches of the Russian intelligentsia and reveals the deep features of the national character.
Life of I. Turgenev in dates and facts
November 9, 1818 — born in Orel, into a noble family. His childhood years were spent on the Spasskoye-Lutovinovo estate, which became the prototype of the noble “family nest,” which the writer subsequently repeatedly recreated in his works as a specific phenomenon of Russian culture.
IN 1827 The family moved to Moscow, where the systematic education of young Turgenev began. After training in private boarding schools, he continued his studies at Moscow and St. Petersburg universities, and then from 1838 to 1840, listened to lectures at the University of Berlin. In Germany, the writer became close to talented young representatives of the Russian intelligentsia: N.V.
Stankevich, who later created the Moscow philosophical circle, from which many outstanding figures of Russian culture emerged, the future revolutionary M.A. Bakunin, as well as the future famous historian and idol of Moscow students of the 1840-50s. T.N. Granovsky. Upon returning to Russia, he joined the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but soon left it, deciding to devote himself to literary creativity. 1834
dates back to the first great literary experience of I. Turgenev, the poem "Steno", which was not published during the author’s lifetime, but testified to his literary inclinations. IN. Among those who enthusiastically accepted the writer was V.G.
Belinsky, who had a significant influence on the development of I. Turgenev’s talent. 1847 - Turgenev’s story was published in the Sovremennik magazine “ Khor and Kalinich"
dates back to the first great literary experience of I. Turgenev, the poem , to which the editors prefaced the subtitle “From the Notes of a Hunter.” This story was a resounding success. 1843
Turgenev met the singer Polina Viardot, who became the love of his life. 1852 - the appearance of a collection of short stories"Notes of a Hunter"
", perceived not only as a literary, but also as a socio-cultural event in the life of Russia. 1850s - the heyday of the writer's talent. At the beginning of this decade, stories were written (1850), "Diary of an Extra Man""Quiet" (1854) and others, which served as approaches to the first novel"Rudin" (1856). The model outlined in this work love relationship received further development in stories (1858), "Asya""First love" (1860) and"Spring Waters" (1872), forming a kind of trilogy about love; and the theme of the ideological and spiritual quest of the intelligentsia, developed in Rudin, was used as the basis for the novels"Noble Nest" (1859) and"The day before" (1860). Discussion about last novel
served as the reason for Turgenev’s break with Sovremennik, with which he had many years of close relations. 1862 - the novel was published"Fathers and Sons" , which caused fierce debate among representatives of different socio-political camps and movements. Offended by the tactless polemic, Turgenev went abroad, where he spent the last 20 years of his life. In France, where the writer mainly lived, he was accepted into a select literary community, to which V. Hugo, P. Mérimée, Georges Sand, E. Goncourt, E. Zola, G. de Maupassant, G. Flaubert belonged.
Material from the site 1867 - a novel was written"Smoke"
, which differed sharply in sentiment from those previously created and reflected the writer’s extremely Westernizing views. In Russia this work was received with irritation. 1877 - publication of the novel"Nove"
further deepened the misunderstanding between the writer and the Russian public. 1878
— together with V. Hugo I. Turgenev chaired the International Literary Congress in Paris. Start 1880s was marked by the appearance of so-called “mysterious” stories —"Song of Triumphant Love" (1881) and"Clara Milic" (1882), as well as the collection"Poems in Prose"
(1877-1882), which became the writer’s swan song. - due to a serious illness, Turgenev died in Bougival in the south of France. The writer was buried at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg.
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If you were asked to talk about the life of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev in a nutshell, his short biography would consist of one sentence: he lived his life pursuing one goal and following one love. But it’s not enough to talk about this man in a nutshell, so we’ll look at Turgenev’s life and work in more detail by reading his short biography.
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev short biography
So, the classic was born into a fairly wealthy nobleman’s family. This happened in 1818 in October. His development and upbringing was complete, since parents could afford to hire teachers for their child. Turgenev, having such an opportunity, delved into the study and already adolescence was well-read and knew three languages. The knowledge gained made it possible to enter the university of the capital without any problems, however, he will soon be transferred to St. Petersburg to the Faculty of Philosophy. During this period, his first work, “The Wall,” was published in 1834. He graduated from his studies in 1837, after which he entered the Faculty of Philosophy in Germany. After graduating from a university abroad, Turgenev goes home and plans to create a philosophy department, but it was no longer possible to realize his plans, since the tsar issued a decree to close all departments of philosophy.
However, biography and life path Turgenev continues and he tries his hand at a position in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He tries to improve peasant life, but, having suffered a fiasco, leaves his leadership position. Here he completely devotes himself to creativity. Further, the life of Turgenev and his short biography for children and schoolchildren tells us about the formation creative activity. Turgenev’s mentor was Belinsky, who helped him decide on the direction. In his works, the author uses realism, this is how the poem “Parasha” comes out, and then other poems are born from the pen of Turgenev, theater plays, essays, stories, novellas.
Life and work of Turgenev
I would like to talk about personal life writer, but he didn’t have a family, but he was in love. He fell in love with the married French singer Pauline Viardot, and met her in St. Petersburg when she was passing through on tour. Since then, the writer has followed on her heels. Where she was, there he was. So Turgenev moves to live abroad, but is very homesick for his homeland. He describes his melancholy in the work “Notes of a Hunter,” which gained enormous popularity. It was a success.
When Gogol passed away, Turgenev created an obituary. This happened in 1852. But the censorship did not allow this work to pass; moreover, Turgenev ended up in exile for it. He was sent to the family estate, which is located in the Oryol province, where he writes no less famous masterpiece"" and several other works. Turgenev remained in exile until 1856, after which he again left Russia and headed to France, where he lived and continued to write until his last breath, occasionally visiting his homeland. This is how “Asya” and “Fathers and Sons” appear.
Turgenev's biography and summary are completed by his death. Due to a serious illness, cancer of the spine, Turgenev passed away in 1883 on a foreign side, but was buried in St. Petersburg, according to his request in his will.
Biography of Turgenev interesting facts
Were there any short stories in Turgenev's biography? Interesting Facts? Were. They say that Turgenev loved to squander his parents' money in his youth, was frivolous and loved to dress like a dandy. His first love broke his heart, it was Ekaterina Shakhovskaya. And they also say that Turgenev had illegitimate daughter, which he did not recognize, but which he helped. He loved to sing, having no hearing, and also could not stand the dirt and garbage around him. He is such a classic of Russian literature.
