Pour water into the glass, making sure to reach the very edge. Cover with a sheet of thick paper and, holding it gently, very quickly turn the glass upside down. Just in case, do all this over the basin or in the bathtub. Now remove your palm... Focus! still remains in the glass!
It's about the pressure atmospheric air. The air pressure on the paper from the outside is greater than the pressure on it from the inside of the glass and, accordingly, does not allow the paper to release water from the container.
Rene Descartes' experiment or pipette diver
This entertaining experience is about three hundred years old. It is attributed to the French scientist René Descartes.
You will need a plastic bottle with a stopper, a dropper and water. Fill the bottle, leaving two to three millimeters to the edge of the neck. Take a pipette, fill it with some water and drop it into the neck of the bottle. Its upper rubber end should be at or slightly above the level in the bottle. In this case, you need to ensure that with a slight push with your finger the pipette sinks, and then slowly floats up on its own. Now close the cap and squeeze the sides of the bottle. The pipette will go to the bottom of the bottle. Release the pressure on the bottle and it will float again.
The fact is that we slightly compressed the air in the neck of the bottle and this pressure was transferred to the water. penetrated the pipette - it became heavier (since water is heavier than air) and drowned. When the pressure stopped, the compressed air inside the pipette removed the excess, our “diver” became lighter and surfaced. If at the beginning of the experiment the “diver” does not listen to you, then you need to adjust the amount of water in the pipette. When the pipette is at the bottom of the bottle, it is easy to see how, as the pressure on the walls of the bottle increases, it enters the pipette, and when the pressure is loosened, it comes out of it.
An Arabic proverb says: “An experience is worth a thousand words.” Based on this very fair statement, we bring to your attention a variety of physics experiments for children under 12 years old. The experiments we offer will help you see, remember and, most importantly, understand in a more visual form the essence of the physical laws and principles by which our world is structured. After all, theory, as we know, without practice is dead, and without practical confirmation, all physical formulas and theorems can be attributed to the sphere of assumptions, conjectures and theoretical speculations. Theory gives knowledge, but practice gives confidence in this knowledge, and this confidence, in turn, is the basis that represents the basis of worldview.
From infancy, a person experiences the reality around him exclusively through direct interaction with it. Over time, practical experience replaces words. Thus, a person, relying more and more on words, moves away from reality.
Experiments in physics- this is an opportunity for a person to more thoroughly understand the structure of his world.
Alone or together with friends, and sometimes with the help of parents, by performing these simple but exciting experiments, children will be able to take their first steps in physics. Clear instructions with drawings are given for the experiments. All presented physical experiments safe, do not require special equipment and materials.
Basic Instructions
Gather all the necessary materials!
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There are very simple experiments that children remember for the rest of their lives. The guys may not fully understand why this is all happening, but when time will pass and they find themselves in a physics or chemistry lesson, a very clear example will certainly emerge in their memory.
website I collected 7 interesting experiments that children will remember. Everything you need for these experiments is at your fingertips.
Fireproof ball
Will need: 2 balls, candle, matches, water.
Experience: Inflate a balloon and hold it over a lit candle to demonstrate to children that the fire will make the balloon burst. Then pour plain tap water into the second ball, tie it and bring it to the candle again. It turns out that with water the ball can easily withstand the flame of a candle.
Explanation: The water in the ball absorbs the heat generated by the candle. Therefore, the ball itself will not burn and, therefore, will not burst.
Pencils
You will need: plastic bag, simple pencils, water.
Experience: Fill the plastic bag halfway with water. Use a pencil to pierce the bag through the place where it is filled with water.
Explanation: If you pierce a plastic bag and then pour water into it, it will pour out through the holes. But if you first fill the bag halfway with water and then pierce it with a sharp object so that the object remains stuck into the bag, then almost no water will flow out through these holes. This is due to the fact that when polyethylene breaks, its molecules are attracted closer to each other. In our case, the polyethylene is tightened around the pencils.
Unbreakable balloon
You will need: a balloon, a wooden skewer and some dishwashing liquid.
Experience: Coat the top and bottom with the product and pierce the ball, starting from the bottom.
Explanation: The secret of this trick is simple. In order to preserve the ball, you need to pierce it at the points of least tension, and they are located at the bottom and at the top of the ball.
Cauliflower
Will need: 4 cups of water, food coloring, cabbage leaves or white flowers.
Experience: Add any color of food coloring to each glass and place one leaf or flower in the water. Leave them overnight. In the morning you will see that they have turned different colors.
Introduction
Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experiments.
(Kant Emmanuel. German philosopher g. d)
Physics experiments introduce students to the diverse applications of the laws of physics in a fun way. Experiments can be used in lessons to attract students’ attention to the phenomenon being studied, when repeating and consolidating educational material, at physical evenings. Entertaining experiences deepen and expand students’ knowledge and contribute to the development logical thinking, instill interest in the subject.
The role of experiment in the science of physics
The fact that physics is a young science
It’s impossible to say for sure here.
And in ancient times, learning science,
We always strived to comprehend it.
The purpose of teaching physics is specific,
Be able to apply all knowledge in practice.
And it’s important to remember – the role of experiment
Must stand in the first place.
Be able to plan an experiment and carry it out.
Analyze and bring to life.
Build a model, put forward a hypothesis,
Striving to reach new heights
The laws of physics are based on facts established experimentally. Moreover, the interpretation of the same facts often changes during historical development physics. Facts accumulate through observation. But you can’t limit yourself to them only. This is only the first step towards knowledge. Next comes the experiment, the development of concepts that allow for qualitative characteristics. In order to draw general conclusions from observations and find out the causes of phenomena, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between quantities. If such a dependence is obtained, then a physical law has been found. If a physical law is found, then there is no need to put in each special case experience, it is enough to perform the appropriate calculations. By experimentally studying quantitative relationships between quantities, patterns can be identified. Based on these patterns, it develops general theory phenomena.
Therefore, without experiment there can be no rational teaching of physics. The study of physics involves the widespread use of experiments, discussion of the features of its setting and the observed results.
Entertaining experiments in physics
The description of the experiments was carried out using the following algorithm:
Name of the experiment Equipment and materials required for the experiment Stages of the experiment Explanation of the experiment
Experiment No. 1 Four floors
Devices and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol.
Stages of the experiment
Let's try to pour four different liquids into a glass so that they do not mix and stand five levels above each other. However, it will be more convenient for us to take not a glass, but a narrow glass that widens towards the top.
Pour salted tinted water into the bottom of the glass. Roll up a “Funtik” out of paper and bend its end at a right angle; cut off the tip. The hole in the Funtik should be the size of a pinhead. Pour red wine into this cone; a thin stream should flow out of it horizontally, break against the walls of the glass and flow down it onto the salt water.
When the height of the layer of red wine is equal to the height of the layer of colored water, stop pouring the wine. From the second cone, pour sunflower oil into a glass in the same way. From the third horn, pour a layer of colored alcohol.
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Experience No. 2 Amazing candlestick
Devices and materials: candle, nail, glass, matches, water.
Stages of the experiment
Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? And this candlestick is not bad at all.
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Figure 3
Explanation of experience
The candle goes out because the bottle is “flown around” with air: the stream of air is broken by the bottle into two streams; one flows around it on the right, and the other on the left; and they meet approximately where the candle flame stands.
Experiment No. 4 Spinning snake
Devices and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.
Stages of the experiment
Cut a spiral out of thick paper, stretch it a little and place it on the end of a curved wire. Hold this spiral above the candle in the rising air flow, the snake will rotate.
Explanation of experience
The snake rotates because air expands under the influence of heat and warm energy is converted into movement.
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Figure 5
Explanation of experience
Water has a higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the bottle, displacing the mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise upward from the bubble in a thin stream.
Experiment No. 6 Fifteen matches on one
Devices and materials: 15 matches.
Stages of the experiment
Place one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and their ends touch the table. How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and all the other matches along with it?
Explanation of experience
To do this, you just need to put another fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.
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Figure 7
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Figure 9
Experience No. 8 Paraffin motor
Devices and materials: candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.
Stages of the experiment
To make this motor, we don't need electricity or gasoline. For this we only need... a candle.
Heat the knitting needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine. Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance. Light the candle at both ends.
Explanation of experience
A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be disrupted, the other end of the candle will tighten and fall; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will go down, drop a drop, it will become lighter, and our motor will start working with all its might; gradually the candle's vibrations will increase more and more.
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Figure 11
Demonstration experiments
1. Diffusion of liquids and gases
Diffusion (from Latin diflusio - spreading, spreading, scattering), the transfer of particles of different nature, caused by the chaotic thermal movement of molecules (atoms). Distinguish between diffusion in liquids, gases and solids
Demonstration experiment “Observation of diffusion”
Devices and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, diffusion observation device.
Stages of the experiment
Let's take two pieces of cotton wool. We moisten one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other with ammonia. Let's bring the branches into contact. The fleeces are stained in pink color due to the phenomenon of diffusion.
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Figure 13
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Figure 15
Let us prove that the phenomenon of diffusion depends on temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster diffusion occurs.
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Figure 17
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Figure 19
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Figure 21
3.Pascal's ball
Pascal's ball is a device designed to demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid or gas in a closed vessel, as well as the rise of the liquid behind the piston under the influence of atmospheric pressure.
To demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid in a closed vessel, it is necessary to use a piston to draw water into the vessel and place the ball tightly on the nozzle. By pushing the piston into the vessel, demonstrate the flow of liquid from the holes in the ball, paying attention to the uniform flow of liquid in all directions.
Most people, remembering their school years, we are sure that physics is a very boring subject. The course includes many problems and formulas that will not be useful to anyone in later life. On the one hand, these statements are true, but like any subject, physics also has another side to the coin. But not everyone discovers it for themselves.
A lot depends on the teacher
Perhaps our education system is to blame for this, or maybe it’s all about the teacher who thinks only about the need to teach the material approved from above and does not strive to interest his students. Most often it is he who is to blame. However, if the children are lucky and the lesson is taught by a teacher who loves his subject, he will not only be able to interest the students, but will also help them discover something new. As a result, children will begin to enjoy attending such classes. Of course, formulas are an integral part of this academic subject; there is no escape from it. But there are also positive aspects. Experiments are of particular interest to schoolchildren. This is what we will talk about in more detail. We'll look at some entertaining experiments in physics, which you can conduct together with your child. This should be interesting not only to him, but also to you. It is likely that with the help of such activities you will instill in your child a genuine interest in learning, and “boring” physics will become his favorite subject. It’s not at all difficult to carry out, it will require very few attributes, the main thing is that there is a desire. And perhaps then you will be able to replace your child’s school teacher.
Let's look at some interesting experiments in physics for little ones, because you need to start small. 
Paper fish
To conduct this experiment, we need to cut out a small fish from thick paper (can be cardboard), the length of which should be 30-50 mm. We make a round hole in the middle with a diameter of approximately 10-15 mm. Next, from the side of the tail, we cut a narrow channel (width 3-4 mm) to a round hole. Then we pour water into the basin and carefully place our fish there so that one plane lies on the water, and the second remains dry. Now you need to drop some oil into the round hole (you can use an oil can from a sewing machine or bicycle). The oil, trying to spread over the surface of the water, will flow through the cut channel, and the fish will swim forward under the influence of the oil flowing back. 
Elephant and Moska
Let's continue to conduct entertaining experiments in physics with our child. We invite you to introduce your child to the concept of a lever and how it helps make a person’s work easier. For example, tell us that it can be used to easily lift a heavy cabinet or sofa. And for clarity, show a basic experiment in physics using a lever. For this we will need a ruler, a pencil and a couple of small toys, but be sure to different weights(that’s why we called this experience “Elephant and Pug”). We attach our Elephant and Pug to different ends of the ruler using plasticine or ordinary thread (we just tie the toys). Now, if you put the middle part of the ruler on a pencil, then, of course, the elephant will pull it, because it is heavier. But if you move the pencil towards the elephant, then Moska will easily outweigh it. This is the principle of leverage. The ruler (lever) rests on the pencil - this place is the fulcrum. Next, the child should be told that this principle is used everywhere; it is the basis for the operation of a crane, swing, and even scissors.
Home experiment in physics with inertia
We will need a jar of water and a utility net. It will be no secret to anyone that if open jar turn it over, the water will pour out of it. Let's try? Of course, it’s better to go outside for this. We put the can in the net and begin to swing it smoothly, gradually increasing the amplitude, and as a result we make a full revolution - one, two, three, and so on. Water does not pour out. Interesting? Now let's make the water pour out. To do this, take a tin can and make a hole in the bottom. We put it in the net, fill it with water and start rotating. A stream comes out of the hole. When the can is in the lower position, this does not surprise anyone, but when it flies up, the fountain continues to flow in the same direction, and not a drop comes out of the neck. That's it. All this can be explained by the principle of inertia. When rotating, the can tends to fly straight away, but the mesh does not let it go and forces it to describe circles. Water also tends to fly by inertia, and in the case when we have made a hole in the bottom, there is nothing stopping it from breaking out and moving in a straight line.
Box with a surprise
Now let's look at physics experiments with displacement. You need to put a matchbox on the edge of the table and slowly move it. The moment it passes its average mark, a fall will occur. That is, the mass of the part pushed beyond the edge of the table top will exceed the weight of the remaining part, and the box will tip over. Now let's shift the center of mass, for example, put a metal nut inside (as close to the edge as possible). All that remains is to place the box in such a way that a small part of it remains on the table, and a large part hangs in the air. There will be no fall. The essence of this experiment is that the entire mass is above the fulcrum. This principle is also used throughout. It is thanks to him that furniture, monuments, transport, and much more are in a stable position. By the way, the children's toy Vanka-Vstanka is also built on the principle of shifting the center of mass.
So, let's continue to look at interesting experiments in physics, but let's move on to the next stage - for sixth-grade students.
Water carousel
We will need an empty tin can, a hammer, a nail, and a rope. We use a nail and a hammer to punch a hole in the side wall near the bottom. Next, without pulling the nail out of the hole, bend it to the side. It is necessary that the hole is oblique. We repeat the procedure on the second side of the can - you need to make sure that the holes are opposite each other, but the nails are bent in different directions. We punch two more holes in the upper part of the vessel and thread the ends of a rope or thick thread into them. We hang the container and fill it with water. Two oblique fountains will begin to flow from the lower holes, and the jar will begin to rotate in the opposite direction. I work on this principle space rockets- the flame from the engine nozzles shoots in one direction, and the rocket flies in the other.
Experiments in physics - 7th grade
Let's conduct an experiment with mass density and find out how you can make an egg float. Physics experiments with different densities are best done using fresh and salt water as an example. Take a jar filled hot water. Drop an egg into it and it will immediately sink. Next, add table salt to the water and stir. The egg begins to float, and the more salt, the higher it will rise. This is because salt water has a higher density than fresh water. So, everyone knows that in the Dead Sea (its water is the saltiest) it is almost impossible to drown. As you can see, experiments in physics can significantly expand your child’s horizons. 
Balloon and plastic bottle
Seventh grade students begin to study atmospheric pressure and its effect on the objects around us. To explore this topic deeper, it is better to conduct appropriate experiments in physics. Atmospheric pressure affects us, although it remains invisible. Let's give an example with balloon. Each of us can cheat it. Then we will place it in a plastic bottle, put the edges on the neck and secure it. This way, air can only flow into the ball, and the bottle will become a sealed vessel. Now let's try to inflate the balloon. We will not succeed, since the atmospheric pressure in the bottle will not allow us to do this. When we blow, the ball begins to displace the air in the container. And since our bottle is sealed, it has nowhere to go, and it begins to shrink, thereby becoming much denser than the air in the ball. Accordingly, the system is leveled, and it is impossible to inflate the balloon. Now we’ll make a hole in the bottom and try to inflate the balloon. In this case, there is no resistance, the displaced air leaves the bottle - the atmospheric pressure is equalized. 
Conclusion
As you can see, the physics experiments are not at all complicated and quite interesting. Try to interest your child - and his studies will be completely different, he will begin to attend classes with pleasure, which will ultimately affect his performance.
