A. N. Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm” was a recognized public play immediately after its release. And this is not surprising, because the author showed a new heroine, opposed to merchant society with its house-building way of life. The fate of the main character of the play, Katerina Kabanova, is truly touching with its drama. The heroine opposed herself to the ignorance and inveterateness that reign in a society where there is no place for spiritually gifted natures. An unequal struggle with human callousness leads Katerina to voluntary death, ending dramatic fate the heroines and the course of the play itself.
On the one hand, the plot of the play is completely simple and typical of that time: a young married woman Katerina Kabanova, disillusioned with life with an unloved husband in the hostile environment of someone else's family, fell in love with another person. However, her Forbidden love does not give her peace, and, not wanting to accept the morality of the “dark kingdom” (“do what you want, as long as it is covered and covered”), he admits his betrayal publicly in the church. After this confession, life has no meaning for Katerina, and she commits suicide.
But, despite the simple plot, the image of Katerina is incredibly bright and expressive, becoming a symbol of rejection of a hostile conservative society living according to the laws of house-building. Not in vain in its critical article, dedicated to the play, Dobrolyubov called Katerina “a ray of light in a dark kingdom.”
Growing up in the free environment of her family, Katerina was an extremely emotional and sincere person, differing from representatives of the “dark kingdom” in the depth of her feelings, truthfulness and determination. Open to other people, Katerina did not know how to deceive and be a hypocrite, so she did not take root in her husband’s family, where even her peer Varvara Kabanova considered the main character too “sophisticated”, even strange. Varvara herself has long adapted to the rules of merchant life, her ability for hypocrisy and lies more and more reminiscent of her mother.
Katerina was distinguished by incredible fortitude: one should have strong character to respond to an elderly cruel mother-in-law’s numerous insults. After all, in her own family, Katerina was not accustomed to the humiliation of human dignity, because she was raised differently. Author with feeling deep love and respect for Katerina tells us in what environment, under the influence of which a strong female character main character. It is not for nothing that Ostrovsky introduces the image of a bird several times during the course of the play, symbolizing Katerina herself. Like a caught bird, she ended up in an iron cage, the Kabanovs' house. Just as a bird yearning for freedom yearns for freedom, so Katerina, realizing the unbearable, impossible way of life for her in someone else’s family, decided on a last attempt to gain freedom, finding it in her love for Boris.
There is something elemental and natural in Katerina’s feelings for Boris, just like in a thunderstorm. However, unlike a thunderstorm, love should bring joy, and it leads Katerina to the abyss. After all, Boris, Dikiy’s nephew, is essentially little different from the rest of the inhabitants of the “dark kingdom,” including Katerina’s husband Tikhon. Boris failed to protect Katerina from her mental torment; one might say, he betrayed her, exchanging his love for respectful respect for his uncle in order to receive his part of the inheritance. In his lack of will, Boris also became the cause of Katerina’s disastrous despair. And yet, despite understanding the doom of her feelings, Katerina gives herself over to love for Boris with all the strength of her soul, without fear of the future. She is not afraid, just as Kuligin is not afraid of thunderstorms. And then, in my opinion, in the very title of the play, in the properties of this natural phenomenon, there is something inherent in the character of the main character, subject to the sincere spontaneous impulses of her soul.
Thus, Katerina’s spiritual drama lies precisely in the fact that, due to her character, main character, unable to accept the beliefs of the environment in which she found herself, not wanting to pretend and deceive, does not see any other way except suicide, the voluntary departure of their lives in the hypocritical and sanctimonious merchant environment of the city of N. There is a special symbolism in the episode of Katerina’s repentance, during which the there was a thunderstorm and it started to rain. In essence, rain and water are symbols of purification, but in Ostrovsky’s play, society turns out to be not as merciful as nature. “The Dark Kingdom” did not forgive the heroine such a challenge, not allowing her to go beyond the rigid boundaries of the unspoken laws of the sanctimonious provincial society. Thus, Katerina’s tormented soul found final peace in the waters of the Volga, escaping from the cruelty of people. With her death, Katerina challenged a force hostile to her, and no matter how the reader or critics view this act, one cannot deny the heroine of “The Thunderstorm” the power of a fearless spirit, which led her to liberation from the “dark kingdom”, becoming a true “ray of light” in it!
Tasks and tests on the topic “What is the reason for Katerina’s drama in A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”?”
- Spelling - Important Topics to repeat the Unified State Exam in Russian
Lessons: 5 Tasks: 7
- IPS with subordinate adverbial clauses (subordinate reasons, conditions, concessions, goals, consequences) - Complex sentence 9th grade
Character consists of the ability to act according to principles.
A. N. Ostrovsky wrote many plays from the life of the merchants. They are so truthful and bright that Dobrolyubov called them “plays of life.” In these works, the life of the merchants is described as a world of hidden, quietly sighing sorrow, a world of dull, aching pain, a world of prison-like deathly silence. And even if a senseless murmur appears, it dies away at its birth. Critic N.A. Dobrolyubov titled his article devoted to the analysis of Ostrovsky’s plays “The Dark Kingdom.” He expressed the idea that the tyranny of the merchants rests only on ignorance and humility. But a way out will be found, because the desire to exist with dignity cannot be destroyed in a person.
“...Who will be able to throw a ray of light into the ugly darkness of the dark kingdom?” - asks Dobrolyubov. The answer to that very question was the playwright’s new play “The Thunderstorm.”
Written in 1860, the play, both in its spirit and in its title, seemed to symbolize the process of renewal of society, which was shaking off the torpor of tyranny. The thunderstorm has long been the personification of the struggle for freedom. And in the play this is not only a natural phenomenon, but a dazzling image internal struggle which began in the dark life of a merchant.
There is a lot in the play characters. But the main one is Katerina. The image of this woman is not only the most complex, but it is sharply different from all others. No wonder the critic called it “a ray of light in a dark kingdom.” How is Katerina so different from other “residents” of this “kingdom”?
In this world there is no free people! Neither tyrants nor their victims are such. Here you can deceive, like Varvara, but you cannot exist in truth and conscience, without betraying your soul.
Katerina was brought up in a merchant family, she “lived at home, did not worry about anything, like a bird in the wild.” But after marriage, this free nature fell into the iron cage of tyranny. ,
In Katerina’s house there were always many pilgrims and praying mantises, whose stories (and the whole situation in the house) made her very religious, sincerely believing in the commandments of the church. It is not surprising that she perceives her love for Boris as a serious offense. But Katerina is a “poet” in religion. She is endowed with a vivid imagination and dreaminess. Listening various stories, she seems to see them in reality. She often dreamed of paradise gardens and birds, and when she entered the church, she saw angels. Even her speech is musical and melodious, reminiscent of folk tales and songs.
However, religion, a secluded life, and the lack of outlet for her extraordinary sensitivity had a negative impact on her character. Therefore, when during a thunderstorm she heard the curses of the crazy lady, she began to pray. When she saw a drawing of “fiery hell” on the wall, her nerves could not stand it, and she confessed to Tikhon her love for Boris.
But religiosity, moreover, somehow sets off such traits of the heroine as the desire for independence and truth, courage and determination. Tyrant Wild and Kabanikha, who always reproaches and hates her relatives, are never able to understand other people. In comparison with them or with the spineless Tikhon, who only occasionally allows him to go on a spree for a few days, with her beloved Boris, who is unable to appreciate true love, Katerina’s character becomes especially attractive. She does not want and cannot deceive and directly declares: “I don’t know how to deceive; I can’t hide anything.”
Love for Boris is everything for Katerina: longing for freedom, dreams of real life. And in the name of this love, she enters into an unequal duel with the “dark kingdom.” She does not perceive her protest as an indignation against the entire system; moreover, she does not think about it. But that’s how it works.” dark kingdom“that any manifestation of independence, autonomy, personal dignity is perceived by him as a mortal offense, as a rebellion against the foundations of the rule of tyrants. That is why the play ends with the death of the heroine: after all, she is not only lonely, but also crushed by the inner consciousness of her “sin.”
The death of a brave woman is not a cry of despair. No, this is a moral victory over the “dark kingdom” that fetters her freedom, will, and reason. Suicide, according to the teachings of the church, is an unforgivable offense. But Katerina is no longer afraid of this. Having fallen in love, she declares to Boris: “If I was not afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid of human judgment?” And her last words were: “My friend! My joy! Goodbye!" You can justify or blame Katerina for her fatal decision, but you cannot help but admire the integrity of her nature, her thirst for freedom, and her determination. Death This means that Katerina’s act was really “a terrible challenge to the crappy power itself.” This means that in the “dark kingdom” bright natures are capable of being born, who can illuminate this “kingdom” with their life or death. Katerina is the central character of Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”. Since its writing, the work has enjoyed enormous popularity. Performances based on the play do not leave the stage of major theaters. The main reason for such popularity is the author’s talented portrayal of Katerina’s character. The inevitable conflict with others and the emotional drama of the main character leads to her tragic death. In the character of Katerina, Ostrovsky portrayed a strong, independent personality held back by the chains of traditional society. The patriarchal way of life, which everyone in the city adheres to, stifles the slightest manifestations of the living soul. His main supporter is Tikhon’s mother. She raised her son in conditions of unquestioning obedience. Tikhon in his soul understands the stupidity of his mother’s instructions, but he does not have the will to resist her. Katerina sincerely loves and pities her husband. She cannot look at his humiliation in front of his mother with indifference. But she is not able to fix anything. The stuffy atmosphere that reigns in the city gradually takes over her. Katerina unconsciously wants to break out of it. Katerina’s emotional drama lies in the fact that in other conditions she would never have cheated on her husband. But in this “sleepy kingdom” she is too cramped, she is suffocating from such a life. In the famous monologue of the main character “Why don’t people fly” this spiritual desire is most clearly expressed. The fantastic desire to become a bird and fly “far, far away” is a passionate impulse of a tormented soul. In reality, Katerina's liberation occurred as a result of her sudden love for Boris. The woman's decency did not allow her to speak openly about it. The rapprochement occurred with the assistance of Varvara. The affair with Boris, on the one hand, inspired Katerina and allowed her to feel real pleasure in life. On the other hand, this novel became disastrous for the main character. The image of Katerina is extremely tragic. She cannot be considered a fallen woman who betrayed her husband for the sake of a fleeting hobby. The betrayal occurred due to the fault of an out-of-mind old woman and her weak-willed son. The time spent without my husband flashed by in an instant. Katerina anticipates the inevitable retribution for her terrible sin. She could easily hide all this, but, being a deeply religious person, she does not even allow the thought of deception. Katerina's mental turmoil worsens with the arrival of Tikhon. She lives as if in delirium, frightening those around her with her behavior and words. Katerina awaits divine punishment for her sinful behavior. The feeling of impending death leads her to make a terrible confession to her husband and his mother. By confessing her sin, she, as it were, cleanses her soul before death. Katerina’s suicide is a natural outcome of the work. Her spiritual drama could not be resolved any other way. Katerina is an excellent example of a strong spiritual personality. She is not to blame for either the betrayal or her own death. Ostrovsky convincingly showed the destructive impact that outdated concepts and prejudices have on the human soul. Katerina's emotional drama is indicative of any historical era. The Internet has appeared in our Everyday life relatively recently, but this did not prevent it from firmly taking root in many areas of activity and becoming a technology that is used by almost half of All of us from the very early childhood heard many fairy tales. Most of them always carry an instructive lesson. It happens that in some fairy tales this lesson needs to be looked for Analyzing the poem “Mtsyri” by M. Yu. Lermontov, the first thing that comes to mind is the fight between the main character and the leopard. This episode in the work is key and fully reveals its meaning - freedom is more valuable than life in captivity. Winter is that time of year that every person waits with a certain trepidation and anticipation. The children hope that winter will bring a lot of snow, new year holidays with gifts One of the main characters of the play “Dowry” by A. N. Ostrovsky is Vasily Danilych Vozhevatov. The young man is a representative of a very wealthy European company, he likes to dress in European style “Why do living, creative, kind and decent people painfully retreat before the shapeless gray mass that fills the world?” - this phrase would become a wonderful epigraph to one of Ostrovsky’s works. The conflict of the tragedy is realized at several levels. Firstly, the playwright showed the flawed nature of the established order, the conflict between the patriarchal system and the new, free life. This aspect is realized at the level of such characters as Kuligin and Katerina. In short, the existence, and even more so the coexistence of feeling, fair people, striving for spiritual enrichment and honest work is impossible next to the angry, deprived and deceitful inhabitants of Kalinov. Moreover, it is necessary to make a reservation that Kalinov is a fictional space, which means the space becomes conditional. Secondly, Katerina’s emotional drama in “The Thunderstorm” is shown. In this case, we are talking about conflict within the character. These types of conflicts are always interesting, because contradictions make images alive and multifaceted. Ostrovsky managed to create a character that caused completely opposite opinions among critics. Dobrolyubov called the main character of the play “a ray of light in the dark kingdom” and sincerely believed that Katerina embodied the most best qualities Russian person. But Pisarev entered into a debate with Dobrolyubov, saying that Katerina’s problems were far-fetched and solvable. However, both critics were somehow interested in the emotional drama of Katerina Kabanova. Katya lives with her husband, his sister and mother-in-law. The family appears on stage for the first time in this composition. The fifth phenomenon begins with a conversation between Marfa Ignatievna and her son. Tikhon supports his mother in everything, agrees even with outright lies. Katya's husband, Tikhon Kabanov, is a weak and weak-willed person. He is tired of his mother’s hysterics, but instead of expressing his opinion at least once or protecting his wife from cruelty and evil words, Tikhon goes to have a drink with Dikiy. Tikhon looks like an adult child. He loves Katya because he feels in her inner strength, but his feelings are not mutual: Katya feels only pity for Tikhon. Varvara, it seems only person, who is at least somehow interested in Katerina. She worries about Katya and tries to help her. However, Varvara does not understand how subtly Katerina feels this world, Varvara is practical, she does not understand why it is so difficult for Katerina to learn to “tell a white lie,” why Katya wants to become a bird, why she feels approaching death. Katya herself appreciates the moments when she manages to be alone. She regrets that she does not have children, because then she would love and care for them. The happiness of motherhood would allow Katya to realize herself as a woman, as a mother and as a person, because she would be in charge of raising her. Katya's childhood was carefree. She had everything she could dream of: loving parents, going to church, freedom and a sense of life. Before her marriage, Katya felt truly alive, and now she dreams of becoming a bird in order to fly away from this place, which deprived the girl of her inner lightness. So, Katya lives in a house with a mother-in-law who is prone to tyranny and manipulation, and a husband who obeys his mother in everything, cannot protect his wife, and loves to drink. In addition to this, there is no person around the girl with whom she could share her experiences, who would not just listen to her, but would hear her. Agree, it is quite difficult to live in such an environment, considering that education and self-esteem do not allow one to respond to aggression with aggression. The situation gets worse with the appearance of Boris, or rather, Katya’s feelings for Boris. The girl had a huge need to love and give her love. Perhaps in Boris Katya saw someone to whom she could give her unrealized feelings. Or she saw in him an opportunity to finally be herself. Most likely, both. The feelings of young people flare up suddenly and develop rapidly. It was very difficult for Katerina to decide to meet with Boris. She thought for a long time about her husband, about her feelings towards Tikhon, about what everything could lead to. Katya rushed from one extreme to another: either resign herself to being unhappy family life, forgetting Boris, or divorce Tikhon in order to be with Boris. And yet the girl decides to go out into the garden where her lover was waiting for her. “Let everyone know, let everyone see what I do! If I wasn’t afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid of human judgment?” - this was Katya’s position. She neglects the laws of Christianity, committing a sin, but the girl is firmly confident in her decision. Katya takes responsibility for her life: “Why feel sorry for me? I went for it myself.” The secret meetings, which lasted ten days, end with the arrival of Tikhon. Katya is afraid that the truth about her betrayal will soon become known to her husband and mother-in-law, so she wants to tell them herself. Boris and Varvara try to persuade the girl to remain silent. A conversation with Boris opens Katya's eyes: Boris is the same person as all those from whom she dreamed of escaping. The collapse of illusions was very painful for Katerina. In this case, it turns out that the exit from “ dark kingdom“No, but Katya can’t live here anymore. Gathering all her strength, Katya decides to end her life. Heartwarming drama Katerina from Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm” consists of inconsistency real life and desires, in the collapse of hopes and illusions, in the awareness of the hopelessness and immutability of the situation. Katerina could not live in a world of ignoramuses and deceivers; the girl was torn by the contradiction of duty and feelings. This conflict turned out to be tragic. Work test Composition. Katerina’s emotional drama (based on the play “The Thunderstorm” by A.N. Ostrovsky) The conflict that forms the basis of the plot of Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm” goes beyond the play. This is a conflict between the old - patriarchal principles, and the new - the desire for freedom. This conflict is very important, but no less significant are the internal contradictions between a person’s feelings and principles.
She was shocked, moreover, by downtrodden people like Tikhon, who to his face blames his mother for the death of his wife.Several interesting essays
In the dark kingdom, the kingdom of despotism, where “tears flow behind constipation, invisible and inaudible,” a heroine appeared, distinguished by her purity and poetically minded nature. This exclusivity and originality of the heroine’s character lies the reason for her deep life drama.
The image of Katerina is characterized by spontaneity, naivety, tenderness, and the desire for freedom. In this image, Ostrovsky reflected the moral purity and beauty of the Russian woman. Nature rewarded the heroine with honesty, sincerity, a warm heart and, of course, strength of character.
Ostrovsky began the play on the most beautiful shore Volga, thereby he sought to introduce viewers to the atmosphere of life in the town, to create that social background without which it is impossible to understand Katerina’s drama. At first glance, the life of the city does not merge with tragic fate heroine, but Ostrovsky shows us the oppressive force of public opinion, which ultimately led Katerina to the precipice.
The heroine at first does not want to reckon with public opinion Kalinovsky townsfolk: “Let everyone know, let everyone see what I’m doing! If I was not afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid of human judgment?” But she was unable to bear the weight of “human judgment”: “Everyone follows me all day long and laughs right in my eyes...”
Katerina's drama takes place before the eyes of the city. In public she admitted to cheating on her husband, in public she threw herself off a cliff into the Volga.
The character of Katerina, as it is given in the drama, reveals to us a sensitive nature, capable of change and fight. The heroine is presented in a variety of emotional states- in quiet joy and in melancholy, in anticipation of happiness and in anticipation of misfortune, in confusion of feelings and in a fit of passion, in deep despair and in fearless determination to accept death.
From the very beginning of the drama, Katerina listens with surprise to what is happening to her: “There is something so extraordinary about me,” “It’s as if I’m starting to live again.” This feeling arises because of Boris (her lover).
At first, Katerina tries to drive away even the thought of him: “I don’t even want to know him!” But the very next minute she admits: “No matter what I think about, he still stands before my eyes. And I want to break myself, but I just can’t.” Katerina remains true to herself, and she cannot “break” herself, that is, change her character. She can only endure: “I’d rather endure as long as I can.”
Her patience is soon tested when she has to listen to Tikhon, speaking words Kabanova. Katerina is offended that she dares to stand so unceremoniously between her and Tikhon... In the scene of farewell to her husband, one hears not only the fear of being left alone with temptation, but also a premonition of the incorrigible that will happen after his departure. Even more important is the desperate but sincere attempt to find intimacy with Tikhon: “...as if I loved you...”
In the monologue with the key, Katerina first tries to distract herself, but she cannot and does not want to deceive herself: “To whom am I pretending!” This is the point: the heroine of the drama will not pretend to anyone, and especially not to herself. The key phrase of the monologue is “And captivity is bitter, oh, how bitter.” The bitterness of captivity, perhaps, pushed the heroine of the drama to take a step that turned out to be fatal for her. The monologue, which began with mental turmoil, ends with an irrevocable decision: “Come what may, I will see Boris!”
Standing at the gate, Katerina still doubts whether she should go to the meeting, but then decides, despite everything, to follow the dictates of her heart.
We can verify that Katerina was not afraid of “human judgment” in the confession scene. The situation in which she finds herself is unbearable for her. The purity of her soul does not allow her to deceive her husband. No wonder she opened up to Varvara: “I don’t know how to deceive, I can’t hide anything.” After she told everything, she still remained true to her feelings for Boris. Katerina is aware of the crime of her love, but she is ready to neglect everything and connect her life with him.
The end of the play is ambiguous. On the one hand, he is pessimistic, since the lovers are separated and the main character dies, but, on the other hand, Katerina’s death helped expose the “dark kingdom” that destroyed her. Tragic conflict Katerina's living feeling and dead way of life led her to a cliff.
Katerina does not love like an ordinary person; she is ready to do anything for the sake of her beloved, even to transgress the concepts of sin and virtue that are sacred to her. Readers and the author agree in their assessment of Katerina. For us, she is not a fallen woman, but one who found the strength to fight the old foundations of life, a woman determined to find her happiness, even in such an unrighteous way.
