For the harmonious development of a child, it is very important to lay the foundations of physical education for the child from an early age.

Children are naturally endowed with increased physical activity and curiosity. Therefore, instilling the right skills, starting from an early age, will not be difficult. Preschoolers love to take part in outdoor games.

Sports games in kindergarten is not only a pleasant, fun and active pastime, but also great benefit for the physical and mental development of the child.

The benefits of sports games in kindergarten

1. Physical development. Sports activities strengthen the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems of the body. In addition, qualities such as strength, endurance, agility and speed of movement develop.
2. Mental development. The need to complete certain game tasks in a limited time contributes to the development of intelligence and activation of thinking. They also develop skills of good spatial orientation.
3. Communication skills. Sports entertainment In kindergarten they teach a very important skill - the art of interacting with a team. Kids gradually understand that they need to take into account the opinions of others and be able to resolve conflict situations.
4. Moral and volitional traits. Self-discipline, will, self-control, honesty are some of the few listed qualities that cultivate sports games in preschool educational institutions(DOW).

It is worth selecting games taking into account the age-related psychophysiological characteristics of children. Outdoor sports games for children require certain preparation. Therefore you should start from simple games to more complex ones.

For the little ones, games are more entertaining than sporting in nature. And they are based on elements of technology sports games. So, for children from 3 years old, various “catch-up” games with elements of jumping, crawling and an accessible plot are great.

Children 4–6 years old can already be offered with more complex tasks for speed, balance and agility.

Team sports games bring a lot of joy to children. After all, they allow children to experience strong emotional experiences and cause joy from the results obtained.

For this reason, among all sports games for children, it is so popular. These active competitions bring many joyful moments of real sports excitement. Relay races can be in the form of running for a flag, with a puck, ball or other sports equipment.

It is important that during sports play activity, each child could express himself and his abilities. Sports educational games for children help to develop a child’s respectful attitude towards physical culture and sports. And this is the key to excellent health in the future.

In comprehensive development person important place occupies him with physical education in childhood. WITH early childhood the foundations of health are laid, physical development, motor skills are formed. Children engage in physical education with great pleasure and love outdoor games. The highest form of ordinary outdoor games are sports games - hockey, football, basketball, table tennis, gorodki, badminton. Sports games are of great importance in solving educational and educational problems. They contribute to the development of accuracy, dexterity of movements, eye, and orientation in space. In the game, children have to quickly make decisions, which contributes to the development of thinking and speed of motor response to visual and auditory signals. During sports games, children develop positive moral and volitional character traits. Mandatory adherence to the rules in games helps to develop self-control, honesty, discipline, responsibility to the team, and the ability to take others into account.

Children learn to independently resolve conflicts and disputes among themselves. Taking into account the physiological characteristics of children, with younger children preschool age It is recommended to carry out only sports exercises, and to introduce children of older preschool age to the elements of sports games. We bring to your attention sports games and exercises for preschool children.

Equipment: sled.

Age: 3–4 years.

Progress of the game: The sleds are placed parallel to each other at a distance of 2–3 steps. Each of the children stands next to their sled. At the teacher’s signal, the children run around their sleds. The one who completes the task faster wins.

Equipment: sleds, skittles.

Age: 3–5 years.

Progress of the game: children stand in two columns one after another, holding the sled by the rope. A pin is placed in front at a distance of 10 m. At the teacher’s signal, the children take the sled to the pin, go around it and return to their place. The one who completes the task faster wins.

Equipment: sled.

Age: 3–5 years.

Progress of the game: Next to one sled are three children. One child carries the sled, the second sits on it, and the third pushes the sled from behind. At the teacher's signal, the race begins. Children drive to the designated landmark and return back. The game ends when each child from the trio plays all the roles. Those children who complete the task faster win.

Equipment: sled.

Age: 3–5 years.

Progress of the game: The sleds are placed parallel to each other at a distance of 3 steps, with fewer sleds than players. Children run freely around the playground. At the teacher’s signal “On the sled!” children run to the sled and sit on it. Latecomers are left without a seat.

Equipment: sled.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children with sleds climb the mountain. A traffic controller stands below with flags in his hands. Children take turns sliding down the mountain on a sled. The traffic controller uses flags to indicate the direction of turn - right or left

Equipment: sleds, ski poles.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children, standing on a sled, push off with ski poles in order to quickly get to specific place and go back. Whoever completes this task first will win.

Equipment: sled.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: Children take turns sledding down an ice slide. Whose sled goes the farthest is the winner. The game is played separately for girls and boys.

Equipment: sled.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: Three children sit on each sled. They move forward to a certain place, pushing off the snow with their feet. The team that reaches the finish line first wins.

Equipment: sleds, flags.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: On the mountainside they place flags in one row one after another. While going down the mountain on a sled, children must collect flags. The one who collects the most flags wins.

Equipment: sled.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: When going down the mountain on a sled, children must pass through the designated gates without breaking them.

Equipment: sled, flag.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children, two at a time, sit on the sled with their backs to each other. At the teacher’s signal, they push off with their feet, trying to cover a distance of 5 m to the flag as quickly as possible. The one who completes the task faster wins.

Equipment: toy.

Age: 6–7 years.

Progress of the game: while sliding along an icy path, the child must reach a toy suspended on a rope.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children stand in pairs one after another, holding onto the belt of the child in front, and slide down the icy path.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children slide along the icy path, trying to pass through the gate without hitting it.

Equipment: ball.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: While going down the ice path, children throw the ball to the designated place.

Equipment: skis.

Age: 5–7 years.

Progress of the game: the child must ski a distance of 20–25 m with the least number of steps.

Equipment: skis.

Age: 5–7 years.

Progress of the game: Children, at the teacher’s signal, run up and slide on two skis until they come to a complete stop. The one who slips the farthest wins.

Equipment: skis.

Age: 5–7 years.

Progress of the game: children on skis line up in one line. At the teacher’s signal, they must catch up with the teacher. The teacher runs so that the children can catch up with him.

Equipment: skis.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: Each child stands on one ski (with poles) at the start line. At the signal, everyone rushes forward, pushing off with their free leg. The one who reaches the finish line first wins.

Equipment: skis.

Age: 5–7 years.

Progress of the game: Several small gates are placed on the path of skiers. Children must drive under them, trying not to hit them.

Equipment: skis.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: Children stand in pairs, holding hands, at the starting line. At the signal, the children run forward. The winner is the pair that reaches the finish line ahead of everyone else without separating their hands.

Equipment: skis. Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: Children on skis snake their way between the placed flags. The winner is the one who reaches the finish line faster and does not knock down a single flag.

Equipment: bicycle, skittles.

Age: 4–5 years.

Progress of the game: children on bicycles line up at the starting line. At the signal, they must go along a path 80 cm wide, which is fenced on both sides with pins. The winner is the one who drives along the track without knocking over the pins.

Equipment: bike.

Age: 5–7 years.

Progress of the game: children on bicycles line up at the starting line. At the signal, they race to the designated place. The one who reaches the finish line first wins.

Equipment: bike.

Age: 5–7 years.

Progress of the game: At the teacher's signal, the children rush forward. But they must travel the way to the finish line at the slowest speed possible. You can't stop. The one who comes to the finish line last wins.

Equipment: bike.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children on bicycles must ride between the skittles arranged in a zigzag pattern to the designated area. Having returned in a straight line, they pass the bicycle to the next child. The team that finishes the relay first wins.

Equipment: bike.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: driving past the table, the child must take a glass of water and move it to another table placed at a distance of 4–5 m.

Equipment: bicycle, toy.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: When riding a bicycle along a path, a child must reach with one hand a toy suspended on a rope at the height of the outstretched arm of a child sitting on a bicycle.

Equipment: balls according to the number of players.

Progress of the game: the children stand on the shore in one line. Balls are placed on the water according to the number of children playing. At the teacher’s signal, the children run into the water, each takes one ball and quickly returns to the shore. The one who does it the fastest wins.

Age: 5–6 years.

Progress of the game: children walk, run, jump on the water, kicking up splashes with their feet.

Age: 5–6 years.

Progress of the game: children walk in the water, raising their legs high.

Equipment: rubber toys.

Age: 5–6 years.

Progress of the game: There are many toys floating in the water. The children are on the shore. At the teacher’s signal, the children run into the water and begin to collect toys. The one who collects the most toys wins.

Age: 5–6 years.

Progress of the game: children move in shallow places, resting their hands on the bottom, legs straightened and extended back.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children, standing in the water, form a circle. The selected driver stands in the center of the circle. At the teacher’s signal, the children scatter in a shallow place. The catcher tries to catch the runners.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children stand in waist-deep water in two ranks opposite each other. At the teacher’s signal, they begin “shooting” their opponents with their palms on the water, directing the splashes at them and trying to force them to retreat. During the game you should not touch each other with your hand.

Age: 5–6 years.

Progress of the game: children stand in waist-deep water. The teacher performs some movement (squatting, immersion in water up to the chin, etc.) and asks the children to repeat this movement.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: Several children stand in a circle in a shallow place. Then they sit on the bottom and, leaning on their hands, stretch their legs. At the signal, everyone simultaneously begins to move their legs up and down, raising a fountain of spray.

Equipment: ball.

Age: 5–7 years.

Progress of the game: children move freely around the playground. The teacher holds the ball in his hands. He calls the name of one of the children and throws the ball up. The named child must catch the ball and throw it up, calling the name of one of the children. The ball should not be thrown too high.

Equipment: ball.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children are divided into two teams and placed on the playground in random order. One of the players is given a ball. At the teacher’s signal, the children begin to pass the ball to the players of their team. The opponents are trying to intercept the ball. The one who scores wins large quantity points.

Equipment: ball.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: The players stand in a circle. In the center is the driver. Children begin to throw the ball to each other, not allowing the driver to touch the ball. If he succeeds, he changes places with the player who threw the ball.

Equipment: balls according to the number of players.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: All children are free to sit on the playground. Each child has a ball. After the teacher’s signal, everyone kicks the ball, trying not to collide with each other.

Equipment: balls.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children become pairs. Each player draws a circle around himself with a diameter of 2–3 m. The players pass the ball to each other, hitting it with their right or left foot, trying to get into the opponent’s circle. The child who hits the ball into the opponent's circle wins.

Equipment: balls.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children stand against the goal - they are attackers. Two children are protectors. The attackers take turns scoring three goals into the goal. The defenders try to catch the balls and return them back to the attackers. Then the children change roles. The child who scores the most goals wins.

Equipment: ball.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: The players take turns making 3 kicks with their left and right feet, trying to send the ball as far as possible. The one with the ball that rolls the farthest wins.

Equipment: ball, hockey sticks.

Age: 6–7 years old.

Progress of the game: children with clubs in their hands stand in a circle. The driver stands in the center. There is a small ball in front of him. With a blow of the stick he tries to knock it out of the circle. Children standing in a circle prevent this and hit the ball back. The one who missed the ball changes the driver and stands in the center of the circle.

“The Sea Is Troubled” and others like them, when explaining, it is recommended to use a plot story. For example, during the day, butterflies, bugs, insects, animals move: they fly, jump, crawl. Night comes and all the animals fall asleep in the sleep that night found them. In the game “Make a Figure” you are asked to come up with individual and collective figures based on the following plots: “Athletes”, “Sculptor”, “Menagerie”, etc. with and without objects. At the same time, an important place is given to encouraging children who came up with an unusual figure and performed it beautifully and imaginatively. Children who have overcome uncertainty and timidity and achieved expressive movements are especially encouraged.

In assessing a child, the starting point is his own achievement, his manifestation of awareness and creativity. It should be noted that everyone can and should come up with their own movement, game image, reflecting their individuality and uniqueness in it. Children can be involved in assessing the completion of tasks. They are able to analyze who is better, more interesting, and more accurately conveys the image in motion. The expressiveness of movement, the poetry of gesture, its spirituality play an important role in understanding the movement and the imagery of its reproduction.

The better use of children's motor experience (when teaching physical exercises) is facilitated by the formation of a creative orientation in children's activities when teaching physical exercises in outdoor games.

Psychocorrectional effects physical exercise is carried out using a variety of games with the ball (for different positions of the arms, torso, head when hitting the ball), finger and oculomotor gymnastics included in physical exercises.

The beauty of movement is manifested in perfect physical control, which allows the body to dominate space and time. By playing, the child satisfies the natural need for movement. It is known that when the need is satisfied, the free power of imagination can develop. F. Schiller rightly wrote: “The reality of things is their business, the appearance of things is the business of man, and the spirit that enjoys appearances no longer rejoices in what it perceives, but in what it reproduces.”

Creative activity has the most important biological significance and is the driving force of self-development of each individual, the basis of his healthy image life.

Sports games occupy a special place in the system of outdoor games. In preschool institutions, only their elements are used, leading the child to more complex sports game actions during his further education at school.

1. 2.5.9. Sports games for preschoolers

Elements of sports games play an important role in the comprehensive physical education of preschool children. They are selected based on age, health conditions, individual inclinations and interests of the child. They use only some elements of sports game technology that are accessible and useful to preschool children. Based on these elements learned by children, games can be organized that are played according to simplified rules.

Sports games strengthen large muscle groups, develop psychophysical qualities: strength, speed, agility, endurance. In sports games, a child’s mental activity and orientation in space increase, intelligence and speed of thinking develop, and awareness of his own actions occurs. The child learns to coordinate his actions with the actions of his comrades; he develops restraint, self-control, responsibility, will and determination; His sensorimotor experience is enriched and creativity develops.

It is extremely important to take into account the developmental role of joy, strong emotions, and undying interest in the results of the game. A child’s passion for play enhances the physiological state of the body.

Sports exercises replenish and enrich lexicon such words as “racket”, “shuttlecock”, “stand” (of a badminton player or tennis player), “small towns”, “skittles”, “bat”, etc. Sports games are filmed nervous tension, help free expression of emotions.

Badminton(ball with feathers) - a sports game with a shuttlecock and rackets. The goal of the game is to prevent the shuttlecock from falling on your court and land it on the opponent's side. Simplicity of the rules, the ability to play on any small area, lawn, beach, etc. making badminton a widely accessible game. After completing the game, the child is taught to hold the racket correctly: hold it in right hand so that the end of the handle rests against the base of the palm, the thumb is slightly extended forward and rests on the handle of the racket. A child practices hitting a shuttlecock. With his left hand, he throws the shuttlecock in front of him and hits it upward with the racket, not allowing it to fall (see Fig. 13).

Before teaching children this game directly, the teacher must prepare them according to the following indicators:

1) develop appropriate posture; ■ 2) develop physical qualities: impact force, reaction speed, etc.;

develop mobility of the hand, for this purpose give exercises that develop the fingers and joints of the hand;

develop the child’s ability to play ball;

develop detailed tasks that will ensure the development of throwing skills;

lead children to effectively master the game and its rules;

practice the basic techniques of playing badminton (badminton player’s stance, racket grip, shuttlecock reception, shuttlecock serve).

training in the technique of moving and holding the ball; passing the ball; dribbling;

throwing a ball into a basket.

Greater role in comprehensive physical education Preschool children play elements of sports games. They are selected taking into account the age, health status, individual inclinations and interests of the child. They use only some elements of sports game technology that are accessible and useful to preschool children. Based on these elements learned by children, games can be organized that are played according to simplified rules. Sports games strengthen large muscle groups, develop psychophysical qualities: strength, speed, agility, endurance. In sports games, a child’s mental activity and orientation in space increase, intelligence and quick thinking develop, and awareness of his own actions occurs. The child learns to coordinate his actions with the actions of his comrades; he develops restraint, self-control, responsibility, will and determination; His sensorimotor experience is enriched and creativity develops. It is extremely important to take into account the developmental role of joy, strong emotions, and undying interest in the results of the game. A child’s passion for play enhances the physiological state of the body. Sports exercises replenish and enrich the vocabulary with words such as “racket”, “shuttlecock”, “rack” (of a badminton player or tennis player), “towns”, “skittles”, “bat”, etc. Sports games relieve nervous tension and help free expression of emotions. Badminton (feather ball) is a sports game with a shuttlecock and rackets. The goal of the game is to prevent the shuttlecock from falling on your court and land it on the opponent's side. Simplicity of the rules, the ability to play on any small area, lawn, beach, etc. making badminton a widely accessible game. Before the game, the child is taught to hold the racket correctly: hold it in the right hand so that the end of the handle rests against the base of the palm, thumb slightly extended forward and rests on the racket handle. A child practices hitting a shuttlecock. With his left hand he throws the shuttlecock in front of him and hits it upward with the racket, not allowing it to fall (see Fig. 13). Before teaching children this game directly, the teacher must prepare them according to the following indicators: 1) develop appropriate posture; 2) develop physical qualities: impact force, reaction speed, etc.;

• 1. develop mobility of the hand, for this purpose give exercises that develop the fingers and joints of the hand;
• 2. develop the child’s ability to play ball;
• 3. develop detailed tasks that will ensure the development of throwing skills;
• 4. lead children to effectively master the game and its rules;
• 5. practice the basic techniques of playing badminton (badminton player’s stance, racket grip, shuttlecock reception, shuttlecock serve).

After mastering these exercises, a game for two is suggested. Children stand opposite each other at a distance of 4-5 m. The child, who has a shuttlecock in his left hand and a racket in his right, throws the shuttlecock in front of him and directs it to his partner with a blow from the racket. The partner hits the shuttlecock with the racket to the first player. A variant of the game is to play through a net or cord stretched at the level of the child’s head. The players try to hit the shuttlecock so that it falls on the opponent's side. If one child made a mistake (the shuttlecock fell on his side, or he did not throw it over the net), then the other gets a point. Basketball is team game, in which the joint actions of players are determined by a common goal. It is complex and emotional, includes fast running, jumping, throwing, carried out in originally conceived combinations, carried out with the opposition of playing partners (see Fig. 14). N. Shashkova’s research showed that if a child has the skills of various ball manipulations (“Ball School”), this makes it easier to master the game of basketball.

Before you start playing basketball, you must comply the following sequence exercises leading to mastering this game:

• 1. training in the technique of moving and holding the ball; passing the ball; dribbling;
• 2. throwing a ball into a basket.

Moving techniques To successfully master actions with the ball, it is necessary to teach children such moving techniques as standing, running, jumping, turning, stopping. Children should be taught to accept and subsequently maintain the basic stance of a basketball player: legs are bent at the knees, shoulder-width apart, one of them is put forward half a step. The body is directed forward, its weight is distributed evenly on both legs. Rumi is bent at the elbows, pressed to the body. Exercises: 1. Children run around the playground with a ball in their hands. They play freely on the playground, perform different movements with a ball; after the teacher’s signal, they quickly catch the ball and take the correct stance. 2. Children stand in a circle. Everyone runs in a circle, taking the correct stance at the signal. Movement around the site is carried out by running in combination with walking, jumping, stopping and turning. While running, the child must place his entire foot on the ground.

• 3. Children without balls are distributed in a circle, facing the middle, at a distance of 2-3 steps from each other. They move with side steps in the direction indicated by the teacher. The teacher often changes the direction of movement.
• 1. Children stand in 2-3 columns at a distance of 2-3 m from one another. The columns move forward slowly at the usual pace; after the teacher’s signal, those standing first move at a side step facing their column at its end and become the last.
• 2. Stops. Preschool children should be taught to stop in two steps. Stopping begins with an energetic push off with one leg. The child takes an elongated, stopping step and, leaning slightly onto the supporting leg, takes the second step. When learning to stop, you should adhere to the following sequence: stop after walking at a pace, then after a slow run, after a fast run and a sudden stop.

Technique of holding the ball The pace of the exercises and the flow of the game depend on the level of possession of the ball. Therefore, the main attention should be paid to the technique of holding and performing actions with the ball. Forming a sense of the ball. When developing actions with the ball, it is necessary for the child to feel the ball as part of his body and learn to control it easily and accurately. The task of the first stage of training is to develop in children certain skills in handling the ball, therefore initial stage it is advisable to give training free games with the ball in physical education classes and in independent motor activities, without the goal of practicing the technique of these actions. Children need to be introduced to some of the properties of the ball, showing that the height of the rebound depends on the force applied to the ball, the throw distance depends on the weight of the ball, as well as on the force applied to it. Then the teacher offers to play with the ball, throwing it up, down, throwing it from one hand to the other, etc. In exercises, children get used to the ball and learn to control it. When teaching preschoolers to play basketball, ordinary large rubber balls are used. Great importance has proper ball retention. Starting position: hold the ball at chest level with both hands. In this case, the arms should be bent, elbows down, hands at the back of the ball, fingers spread wide; thumbs directed towards each other, the rest - up and forward.

Rules for holding the ball:

• 1. Hold the ball at chest level.
• 2. Arms bent, fingers spread wide.
• 3. Elbows down, arm muscles relaxed.

Catching the ball. It is necessary to teach children to meet the ball with their hands as early as possible, using their fingers to form, as it were, half a hollow ball into which the ball should fit. The child follows the flight of the ball, and as soon as the ball touches his fingertips, he must grab it and pull it towards him with a shock-absorbing movement. At the same time, you need to bend your legs so as to take the position of the original stance. Rules for catching the ball:

• 1. Catch the ball with your hands, without pressing it to your chest, moving towards the flying ball.
• 2. Without holding the ball in your hands, quickly pass it.

Passing the ball. Simultaneously with catching the ball, it is necessary to teach children to pass it with both hands from a place, and then in motion. Children should be taught to pass the ball from the correct stance, holding the ball with both hands at chest level. When passing, the child must describe a small arc with the ball towards the body downwards - onto the chest and, extending his arms forward, send the ball away from himself with an active movement of the hand, while simultaneously straightening his legs. Rules for passing the ball:

• 1. Lower your elbows down.
• 2. Throw the ball at the level of your partner’s chest.
• 3. Follow the ball with your eyes and hands.

Exercises:

• 1. Children stand in two lines, facing each other at a distance of 2-3 m. Children in pairs pass the ball to each other.
• 2. The construction is the same. One child from the first rank holds the ball. He passes the ball to his partner from the second rank, who returns the ball to the first rank. The second child from the first line throws the ball to the child of the second line standing opposite, etc. Last child, having caught the ball, runs forward and becomes the first in his line.
• 3. Three children stand in a triangle. They take turns throwing the ball to each other.
• 4. Three children stand in a triangle, they have one ball. Children pass the ball to each other. After the pass, the child moves to the place of the person to whom he threw the ball.

Dribbling. At the initial stage of learning, dribbling the ball with a high bounce is more accessible to children of six years of age because it does not require a low stance. Then it becomes possible to teach the child to move on bent legs. And finally, he easily masters dribbling the ball with a regular bounce in a straight line, with changes in directions. When wielding a sword, children learn to move on slightly bent legs, leaning slightly forward. The hand dribbling the ball is bent at the elbow, the hand with freely spaced fingers is placed on the ball above and away from you. The player pushes the ball slightly to the side of himself, evenly. Basic mistakes: children hit the ball with a relaxed palm; many try to dribble the ball straight in front of them, which interferes with forward movement. Rules for dribbling:

• 1. Don't hit the ball, but push it down.
• 2. Dribble the ball from the front - from the side, and not directly in front of you.
• 3. Look forward, not down, at the ball. When learning to dribble the ball, it is advisable to first use preparatory exercises: hitting the ball with both hands, hitting the ball with the right and left hands in place, dribbling in place with the right and left hands alternately. After the child learns to control the ball with both hands confidently enough, you can move on to dribbling in moving first by walking, then running. Exercises:
• 1. Dribbling the ball in place, actively pushing it down with your right hand, then with your left hand.
• 2. Dribbling the ball in place alternately with the right and left hand.
• 3. The group consists of 6 people, and subgroups are located along the entire length of the site. The first player leads the ball to the second, passing the ball, he himself remains in his place; the second dribbles the ball to the third and does the same. The last one returns to its place

first. 4. Children line up in columns of 4-6 people. Opposite each column, pins are placed at a distance of 1-2 m from each other. After the teacher’s signal, the children dribble the ball, going around the first pin on the right, the second on the left. They dribble the balls back in a straight line, pass them to the next person and stand at the end of the column. Throwing a ball into a basket. The movement when passing the ball and throwing it into the basket are similar in structure. Therefore, learning to throw a ball into a basket can also be limited to instilling throwing skills with two hands from the chest and one hand from the shoulder. Holding the ball at chest level, the child should make a small arc downwards towards himself and, straightening his arms up, throw it while straightening his legs. Throwing the ball with two hands from the chest is used mainly when throwing the ball into the basket from a standing position. Throwing the ball into the basket. after dribbling or after catching it, when the child receives the ball, running to the center, most often done with one hand from the shoulder. When throwing with one hand from the shoulder from a place, one leg is put out | takes half a step forward. The ball is in the palm of the arm bent at the elbow joint and held with the other hand. Extending the legs while simultaneously straightening the arm with the ball up and forward, the child directs the ball into the basket with a gentle push of the hand. Rules for throwing the ball into the basket:

• 1. When throwing the ball, do not lower your head, accompany it with your hands.
• 2. Look at the front edge of the hoop if you are shooting while standing directly in front of the basket. If you are not in a straight line in front of the basket, shoot with a bounce off the backboard - aim at the point where you want to hit the ball.

Exercises:

• 1. Children line up in two columns of 4-6 people each, opposite one basket. One column occupies a place on the left side of the basket, the other on the right. First up perform a throw, catch the ball and stand at the end of their column. The next children repeat the same.
• 2. 5-6 children sit freely in front of the basket, each with a ball. After the teacher’s signal, the children throw the ball, trying

; trying to get into the basket as often as possible. First, the teacher shows and explains to the children the rules of aiming, then invites them to throw the ball to the backboard, then gives them the task of throwing the ball over a high-hanging net, rope, etc. (150--170 cm). When they learn to simply throw the ball to the basket, you need to offer to get into it in any way. It is advisable to gradually increase the height. A convenient stand with a variable ring height. An interesting game is ringball1. This is a type of mini-basketball, it was described by V. Titov. This game develops endurance, jumping ability, agility, reaction speed, and the ability to navigate well on the court.

The game is played on a round platform. In the center of two circles with a radius of 4 and 1.5 m, a metal mast with a height of 4-5 m is installed vertically. To its upper part, depending on the technical preparedness and age group of the players, at one of the heights (3.5; 2.6; 2.15 m -- the height of the hoops in basketball, mini-basketball and ringball) two standard basketball hoops are attached. The area of ​​the large circle is the playing field, the area of ​​the small circle is the free throw zone. middle line divides the playing field into two zones - rear and forward. From the outside of the boundary line playing field Eight marking lines, each 15 cm long, are applied at equal intervals. The width of all marking lines is 5 cm. In ringball competitions, dribbling (driving the ball) is not provided for by the rules, therefore, in addition to a basketball ball, a volleyball, football or rubber water polo ball can be used. Rules of the game: Each team has 6 players (2 fielders and 4 setters). Field players perform the roles of defenders and forwards and, while on the playing field, are directly involved in shots at the opponents’ hoop. The set players are in their sectors outside the court and participate only in receiving and passing the ball to the field players of their team. The game consists of three periods, each of which continues until a field player of one of the teams makes a shot at the ring. After this, the field players of both teams take the places of the setters, who in turn become field players, etc. The technical element - the repeated steps of a player with the ball in his hands forward, backward, left, right, in which the supporting leg does not leave the court - is included in the rules of the game. All other advances and movements of field players around the court are carried out without the ball. Having received the ball, the field player, in order to further advance to the front zone (half of the court on which the opponent’s ring is located), must pass to his team’s set player. In turn, the setter, having received the ball, tries to make an accurate pass to one of the field players of his team. The ball is passed between field players only through set players, and between set players only through field players. The game is stopped and the ball is given to the opposing team or a free throw is awarded for the following violations:

a) when receiving or passing the ball, the set player stepped or [crossed the boundary line of the court or his sector; b) direct transmission between connecting players of one team | cunts; c) direct transmission between field players of the same team; d) touching the mast with your hand in a game situation; e) the attacker is in the opponent’s free throw zone for more than three seconds; f) the setter performs a throw-in or free throw; g) deliberate touching of an opponent (delay, pushes, blows, blocking with hands and feet). As the game of ringball is mastered, the competition may * include a zone rule (the attacking team cannot return the ball to its own half of the court). For children younger age We recommend holding ringball competitions with one field and four set players. In this case, the game will consist of 5 periods. Tennis is a sports game. It is played by hitting a racket on a small rubber ball weighing 56.7-58.5 g, with a diameter of 6.35-6.67 cm. The playing area is 23.77 m long and 10.97 m wide, for single player the size of the site is 8.23 ​​m with a length of 23.77 m. The soil for the site is clay-sand or asphalt, wood, or grass. The essence of the game is that players, occupying opposite sides of the court, throw the ball over the net, trying to direct it so that the opponent cannot reflect the ball. A system of introductory exercises precedes learning to play tennis. L. Korovkina's research showed the feasibility of teaching the technique of basic strikes.

Technique of basic strokes The way of holding the racket is a grip. The grip largely determines the playing style of tennis players, but still to a greater extent- quality of execution of strikes. Tennis players mainly use three grips - the all-purpose grip, the forehand grip and the backhand grip. All the described methods of holding a racket have certain differences, but they also have something in common: the fingers on the hand are not located in the fist, but forefinger slightly set back, which increases the plane of contact of the playing hand with the racket when performing strikes.

A tennis player's stance is the position from which one can most effectively prepare for a shot and move around the court towards the ball. In the stance - legs slightly bent at the knees, shoulder-width apart, body weight on the feet, racket in the right/left hand, left/right hand supporting the racket by the neck, head facing the net. Exercises with hitting the ball with a racket:

• 1. With your left hand, lightly throw the ball onto the floor, after the first bounce, catch it on the racket and do not let it roll. Options: catch after two bounces or several; catch first on one side of the racket, then on the other; Take it as low as possible from the floor.
• 2. Throw the ball on the floor and bounce it, lightly hit it from below with the racket so that the ball bounces off the floor again. Options: perform the exercise and hit the racket twice, but moving forward.
• 3. Throw the ball on the floor and hit it with a slight upward blow of the racket, hitting at the highest point of takeoff.
• 4. Throw the ball onto the floor and, without letting it touch the floor, with a jerky but gentle movement of the racket, hit it upward from below and hit it several times. Options: the same with moving forward, to the sides, hitting the ball with the other side of the racket, “chasing”, performed with the left hand.

Exercises against the wall, hitting the ball with a racket:

• 1. Throw the ball against the wall with your hand and catch it, hit the ball with the racket and, after bouncing off the wall, send the ball again to the wall. Option: one of the tennis players hits the ball against the wall and quickly moves to the side, hits one, then the second, etc.
• 2. Throw the ball against the wall with your hand and, after bouncing off the floor, send the ball into the wall with the racket. The option is the same as in the first exercise.
• 3. Throw the ball on the floor so that it hits the wall, then hit the racket to hit the floor, the wall, or the racket.
• 4. The distance between two players is 5-6 m. The child hits the racket towards the floor, and then to the partner.
• 5. One of the players stands behind the other, facing the wall. Points the ball at the wall so that it does not touch the floor; partner hits the ball.

Serso. Cerso games are used in kindergarten. "Cerso" in French is a hoop. IN preschool institution Serso games are recommended to be used starting from senior group. These games contribute to the development of basic motor qualities (dexterity, strength, speed, endurance), help orientation in space, coordination of actions, train the vestibular apparatus, influence the formation of moral qualities (mutual assistance, endurance, discipline, courage, perseverance, etc.). etc.), foster the desire to perform the exercise not only correctly, but also beautifully, easily, and naturally.

The equipment for playing serso is simple: a ring and a skewer. The rules of the main game boil down to the following: a child throws a ring with one hand or a skewer to a partner, who catches it with his hand, on his hand or on a skewer. Take turns changing roles. The winner is determined by the number of rings caught (the number is set in advance). There are about 60 different exercises, games, relay races with serso; their study requires adherence to a certain sequence - from simple to more complex with a gradual increase physical activity. The first group - exercises, games, relay races with a ring (without a skewer). Children acquire initial skills in handling the Ring in games: rolling the ring on the floor (ground, asphalt, wooden flooring), on a gymnastics bench; throwing on horizontal and vertical objects (stationary and moving); tossing and catching the ring. Grabbing the ring Can be from the outside or inside, with one or two hands. The second group - exercises, games, relay races with a ring "Skewer". Children play with two objects: roll a ring guided by a skewer, put a ring on a skewer, etc. Cerso games, if possible, are carried out in the open air. All exercises, games and relays, when used wisely, are quite safe for children. The teacher must teach children to follow the basic rules of all table tennis games. middle group height 65 cm, length 230 cm and width 100 cm; for older and preparatory groups The dimensions of the table are 68, 250, 130 cm respectively. For throwing and playing with the ball, vertical and horizontal targets are built on the court - these are metal rings, chocks with attached rings. They are used for throwing and climbing, and for various games. A rocket model installed on the playground is also used for throwing - children throw balls, cones, bags of sand, trying to get them to fly through the rings and fly out on the opposite side. The rocket is used both for exercises in running on an inclined plane, and for role playing games. Children love to throw balls and cones into ball throwers (made of metal rods). They are brightly colored, attract children's attention and are a good target. Cardboard targets are widely used for throwing. natural material, heather rings, etc. Much attention is paid to games with balls (especially “ball school”). Children are also encouraged to juggle with a racket and ball. They walk and run around the hall with a racket on which the ball lies, trying not to drop it; catch the ball with a racket after it bounces off the floor or wall, pick up the ball, etc. After such exercises, children are invited to play with the ball in pairs, then they can be offered exercises on the table. V. G. Grishin recommends the following exercises: Exercises:

• 1. Throw the ball with your hand so that it touches the table once; the partner also catches with his hand.
• 2. The same thing, only hit and deflect the ball with a racket.
• 3. It is allowed to take the ball not only from the air, but also from the floor, directing it to the table and also bouncing off the table to a partner.

Then the children perform exercises along the tennis table without a net (4-5 pairs practice at the same time).

• 1. Hit the ball so that it hits the table several times; After this, the partner hits the ball back from the air.
• 2. The ball must touch the table once, then the partner reflects it.
• 6. Playing the ball without a net according to the rules of the game for two bounces from the table - on your own half, then on your partner's half - only then the player reflects it. After this, exercises are offered on a table with a net. The net is installed at a height of up to 10 cm. Children master the simplest blow - the push. To do this, the child is at a distance of one step from the table, slightly tilting his torso forward, his legs slightly bent at the knees, holding the racket parallel to the net at a distance of 10-15 cm just above the waist. When hitting the ball, the child takes a step forward with the arm straightened at the elbow joint towards the net; The mirror of the racket must be in a vertical position in relation to the table. First, they learn how to serve the ball; this is more difficult for children than receiving the ball. When serving the ball, the racket is tilted with the upper part of the playing surface towards the table. First, the ball is served without reflection through the net by 5 cm, then by 10 cm. In the first period of training, children find it difficult to take low balls. Therefore, it is important to explain to them that they need to serve high balls and direct the ball to the center of the table so that it is more convenient to deflect it. Hockey. During the preparatory period, children master basic concepts: stick, stick blade, puck, etc. At first, children play with small sticks without skates. During this period, the child’s hands get used to the weight of the stick, children acquire dexterity, learn to maneuver, hit the puck, etc. Using small sticks, children try to drive a piece of ice into a hole, circle or goal. They play games “Pass the puck”, “Who can get the puck to the circle faster”, etc. From the very beginning it is important to teach how to hold the stick correctly and naturally with both hands - with your right (strong) hand at the end of the stick, with an overhand grip (stepping back 1, 5--2 cm), and the other arm a little lower - with an underhand grip. The stick must be held so that the blade is completely adjacent to the ice with its lower edge. During the game you should not grab the stick with your hands. In the hands of the player it should be light and obedient. For this, the Children are offered exercises: swinging their arms with a stick, carrying the stick around the body, from one hand to the other, rotating the Stick while holding it with both hands, etc. Dribbling the puck is possible in two ways: smooth dribbling, when the hook of the stick is in continuous contact with the puck, and the technique of the so-called “puck chop”, when the puck is driven with light blows of the hook on the right and left. How to shoot a puck with a stick?

When throwing from the left and. p. - feet shoulder-width apart and the right leg slightly bent slightly in front of the left, stand in a half-turn towards the goal "puck with the stick to the left of the player. During the throw, the puck does not come off the stick hook. Throwing the puck from the right is similar to throwing from the left. When children master the ability to move on skates, you can offer a game of hockey on skates according to simplified rules. During the preparatory period, children are given exercises on skates to develop a sense of dexterity, the ability to maneuver, etc. Children are encouraged to slide between the towns, trying not to hit anyone; on skates, pushing a rag ball or a wooden puck with a stick; or skate together to the line (10-15 m). Everyone moves their puck along the ice. The winner is the one who crosses the line first. paint on the ice, the winner is the one who is the first to drive the puck or piece of ice into the goal 3 times. F. Kiryanova1 suggests playing hockey on a small court (15x7.5 m) in the kindergarten area. This makeshift skating rink is surrounded by meter-high snow banks. Children are even offered goals with a metal body and a net, measuring 1.8 m. Children's clothing when playing hockey should be light, loose, and not restricting movement. When a hockey game is planned during a walk, the teacher carefully thinks through the game plan. Children, putting on skates, run out onto the ice, walk 2-3 laps on skates, and perform a series of exercises at a fast pace, first without a stick, and then with a stick. After this, the children are offered to learn some technique, for example, throwing the puck from the left, etc., then a game is played. The lesson ends with slow skating with changes in tempo and direction (without a stick). Offered following rules games:

• 1. They play in two teams of 5-6 people on each team.
• 2. Duration of the game is 20 minutes (two periods of 10 minutes each with a break of 5-8 minutes).
• 3. During the game, players can be replaced at the discretion of the referee (educator).
• 4. During the game, do not push, do not lift the stick above your shoulder, and do not throw the puck high in the air.
• 5. Every 5 minutes, replace the goalkeeper with team members (alternately, at the suggestion of the referee).
• 6. Players should not enter the goal area.
• 7. After a missed goal, the game starts from the center of the field. 8. For violation of the rules, remove the player from the field for 1-2 minutes. Gorodki is an old Russian game. This game develops the eye, accuracy of movements, strengthens the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle, and evokes strong emotions. For preschool children, lightweight bats 45-50 cm long, weighing 400-450 g, and 10-12 cm high are selected.

The system and rules of the game in small towns are significantly simplified compared to the game for adults.

A “city” is drawn on the ground - a square, each side of which is 1 m. At a distance of 3-4 m from the front (front) line of the city, a line is drawn from which the end begins. Between the city and the kon at a distance of 2-2.5 m from the city - half-kon. When children learn to knock out towns from this distance, the kon and half-kon lines increase by a distance of 5--6 and 2--3 m. On the front line, the cities are added up various figures(“fence”, “barrel”, “well”, “plane”, etc.). By throwing bats, the player tries to knock the towns out of the city square. The bats are first thrown from the horse when they knock out at least one town - from the half-game. The winner is the one who knocks out the most towns with fewer throws (see Fig. 16). Throwing a bat is taught in two ways. One of them is done with the hand with the bat bent at the elbow, raised high, the other - with the hand straight, pulled to the side - back. The child is taught both methods, and during the game he uses any of them.

To play, children are divided into two groups of three people each; at the beginning of the game, the bits lie at the stake line, and the players are also there; From the towns, figures are laid out on the platforms one by one. When one figure is knocked out, you can lay out the next one. One town is knocked out from the kon line, then the players move to the half-kon line, from where they knock out the remaining towns and figures. The link that knocks out five pieces first wins. In this case, the correctness of the posture and a strong blow are taken into account (a blow, at will, either from the shoulder or backhand). Towns and bats can only be brought from the outside of the site, so as not to get hit by another link. Classes are conducted with groups of children and individually.

Skittles (German: Kegel) is a sports game, the goal of which is to knock down fewer balls with your hands, larger number pins installed on the court in a certain order. In a preschool institution, children should have skittles, skittles, croquet, serso, and badminton at their constant disposal.

Outdoor games with elements of sports games require special preparation of the child’s body to carry them out. To do this, in kindergarten it is necessary to use only those games that will give children the opportunity to quickly master the elements of sports games. To this end, the greatest attention should be paid to ball games. In these games, children will master the skills of catching, throwing, and throwing. Observations and studies have led to the conclusion that ball games are an excellent means of physical and neuropsychic development. Medical and pedagogical control shows that with fast movements with the ball, all physiological processes occur more intensely. Playing with a ball plays a particularly important role in developing reaction speed, agility, mobility, etc. Children should be taught games with elements of sports games gradually, moving from simple to complex. Training should begin with learning common techniques that are similar to a number of games. When learning basic techniques of sports games the greatest love enjoys the game of gorodki, as well as ball games such as basketball, badminton, tennis.

Sports games in kindergarten in winter

Sledding down the hills
Children should sled down low slides (slope length 1-1.5 m). The child sits on the sled in the middle. He holds the rope in his hands, pulling it. Om pushes both feet off the ground, places them on the skids and slides off.
Rules. Ride in turns: one child slides down, the rest stand on the side.
Instructions for carrying out. Help the children agree among themselves on the order of going down the slide. Make sure that children climb the slide from the side of the part on which they slide down.
Equipment: sleds with ropes about 1 m long attached to them.
Program content: learn to feel the weight of skis on your butt, perform a stepping step.

"Legs, stomp, stomp"
Children stand along the playground facing the teacher, who is in the center. They put on skis and check “how the legs stand on the skis” (the legs are slightly apart, the width of the feet). Standing on skis, children slightly lift, in turn, first the right one, then the right one. left leg, saying: “Legs, legs, top-top.” Then they squat, saying: “Oh!” (the squat is repeated 5-6 times) While standing, the children clap their hands, saying: “Hands, hands, clap-clap!” Children walk at a walking pace throughout the playground.

"Horse"
Children take short steps on their skis, stomping on the snow. At the teacher’s signal “Whoa-whoa,” everyone stops and pulls on the imaginary reins,

"Big and small"
Three or four children are skiing nearby. To the words of the teat teacher: “So we have become big!” the kids stop, straighten up and raise their arms up. To the words: “But this is how we were little,” the children curtsy.
These actions alternate with walking with a stepping step several times.

"Ride the doll"
Children ski next to each other, on one side of the playground. Everyone has a doll or a bear in their hands. To the words “ride the doll (bear),” children walk; step to the other side of the site.

"Slip on your skis"
Children stand on skis along the playground facing the middle, bending their leg, squatting a little, and straightening it. Then they squat on the second leg. The teacher, standing opposite the children, shows how to bend one leg and slide forward on it. At the same time, the second leg straightens a little and, after a push, pulls itself up, then bends and slides forward. When moving, the torso is slightly tilted. Children glide on skis, moving in parallel directions.
Rules. Give way to each other when meeting.
Instructions for carrying out. Remind children that they need to tilt their torso forward and glide in small steps.

Program content: learn to jump, push off with both legs at once.

"Through snowballs in a circle"
6-8 snowballs are laid out in a circle at a distance of 70 cm from one another. Near one of the snowballs there is a stick stuck in the snow. From here the child begins to jump over the snowballs. When he jumps over the third, the second player begins to jump over the stick, trying to catch up with the first.

Program content: roll the ball, the ball into the goal from a distance of 1 -1.5 m.

"Roll a Snowball"
Several paths are drawn on the site, 1 m wide and 4-5 m long. The paths must be laid out on a flat surface. The teacher rolls up several snowballs diameter 30 cm.
The clods are placed first at the beginning of the paths. Two children stand next to each person. At a signal, they bend down and begin to roll the clods along their paths, trying not to push them onto the borders of the paths.
Rules. Children begin to roll balls only when given a signal.
Instructions for carrying out. Remind children to always raise their heads and look forward, at the end of the path. Push away the clods with both hands together.
Equipment: snowballs according to the number of pairs (prepared by the teacher).

"Roll the ball under the sled"
Two pairs of sleds are placed one behind the other. The child must roll the ball under the sled so that it appears on the other side. At a signal, the child crouches in front of the sled, lowers his hands with the ball between his knees and forcefully rolls the ball under the sled. After this, he waits to see if the ball appears on the opposite side of the sled.
Rules. Take turns. The child is allowed to repeat the exercise if he previously successfully rolled the ball under two sleds. If the ball lingers under the sled, the child steps aside and the other continues the action.
Instructions for carrying out. Agree with the children that whoever completes the action will be able to repeat it 3 times.
Equipment: two pairs of sleds, I-2 balls (wooden or plastic).

Program content: crawl under the rope without touching the ground with your hands.
Repeat the “Don’t touch” activity that was performed in the first quarter, but perform it with a sled, leaning on it with straight arms. Increase the distance between objects to 1 m.

“Who will roll the most balls (carry cubes)”
A cord is pulled between the posts at a height of 60 cm. On one side of the cord there are several wooden balls. The child rolls the ball and crawls under the cord to the other side without touching the ground with his hands and leaves it there. He returns back without the ball and rolls another ball under the cord. Each player repeats the action until all the balls have been rolled. The teacher marks the child who managed to roll all the balls without touching the cord. Kids can do the same thing by transporting blocks in cars.

Game "Sledge"

We listen to poems and perform various movements.

We climbed the hill

And they raced off it on a sled.

(We raise our hands up.)

Beware! Move aside!

The sled is rushing from top to bottom.

(We wave our arms raised up and lower them down.)

We sat on the sleigh,

We were sledding.

(We bend over, squat and put our hands forward.)

Hey, hang on! Beware!

The sled is rushing from top to bottom.

(In a squat we hug ourselves.)

Game "Winter words"

The teacher pronounces words that characterize different times year, including “winter” words (winter, snow, ice, frost, blizzard, blizzard, frost, snowflake, icicle, etc.). When children hear a “winter” word, they should raise their hands and try to explain how it is connected with winter.

Game "Winter Walk"

We listen to poetry and do a fun massage: we touch different parts of the body with our fingers.

It's snowing, it's been snowing since morning,

It's time for us to play.

Put it on your feet

Warm boots.

And on the hands - mittens,

The mittens are small.

Let's hide our ears in a hat,

Ushanka hat.

Warm scarf around the neck -

And go for a walk soon!

Puzzles

We listen to riddles and try to guess them.

I'll go down the hill quickly,

I'll go over the hills.

In the morning, early

I'm swinging on... (sleigh).

Guys, I have

Two wooden horses.

These red horses

And their name is... (skis).

I run ahead of them

I even use them to cut ice.

They are fast and light

My new... (skates)

Game “The King Went Through the Forest”

Children stand in a round dance, one of them (the leader) is in the center. Everyone walks in a circle and sings:

The king walked through the forest,

I found myself a princess.

The leader chooses a princess from the round dance and takes her hands. All children pronounce, performing the appropriate movements:

Let's jump with you

And we kick our legs,

Let's shake our heads,

And we don't play anymore.

The game continues, but another king chooses the princess.

Game "Find words"

The teacher invites the children to write together a story about winter. He says that he will start talking about something, and they must guess what’s next and continue, say the right word (that is, finish the sentence). If children do not understand the task at first, you need to explain it using simple examples.

In winter,... (snow) falls from the sky.

The river is covered... (with ice).

When going for a walk, children put on a warm... (fur coat, jacket).

The children put a winter... (hat) on their head.

Children put ... (mittens) on their hands, and ... (boots) on their feet.

The guys are riding... (sleighing, skiing, skating).