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Now in our modern world The variety of models and styles of beaver fur coats allows you to choose a fur coat that will keep you warm cold winter and will become a beautiful piece of your clothing. Beaver fur coats are the most budget option among other fur coats, so prices for beaver fur coats are always attractive. They are distinguished by their beautiful appearance, lightness, comfort, moisture resistance. Thanks to this fur coat, you can hide some of the flaws of your figure and, on the contrary, emphasize your strengths. For women with large shapes, the ideal option is loose, large-sized fur coats, the cut should have a long pile.

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Casino chips (also known as tokens, tokens, chips or chips) are small disks that are used in online casino for money instead of currency. Made of non-ferrous metal, plastic or clay chips of various shapes are mainly used in board games, unlike the metal coin tokens that are used in slot machines. Casino chips are also widely used as play money in home and tournament games.

Some casinos also use rectangular gaming plaques for table games. large sums($25,000 and above). Plaques differ from chips in that they are larger and usually rectangular in shape and contain serial numbers.

Using casino chips

A die-cast set of ABS poker chips in the numbers 100, 50, 25 and 10 are exchanged for cash at the casino cash desk for use at the gaming tables. The cost of the chips fully corresponds to the nominal value of the paid amount at the cash desk. They generally have no value outside the casino, but in some gambling cities they can be used unofficially to pay for services (for example, in taxis or as tips for waiters).

Labels are used for several reasons. The uniform size, shape, and pattern of stacks of chips makes them easier to count than currency. This also allows the pit boss or security to quickly check the chip count and also reduces the chance of a dealer paying a casino customer incorrectly. The uniform weight of official casino chips allows them to weigh large stacks or piles of chips rather than counting them (although means such as chip trays are much more common). In addition, it should be noted that consumers have much more freedom to manage substitute currencies than cash. And finally, chips are an integral part environment casinos, and replacing them with an alternative currency will not be popular.

Many casinos have eliminated the use of metal tokens (and coins) in their slot machines in favor of paper checks or prepaid cards because the use of tokens requires large infrastructure costs. This eliminates the cost of sorting coins, eliminates problems with machines that accept coins or tokens, and eliminates gaming technology in machines that are responsible for the mechanisms for accepting coins. Some casinos (such as the Hard Rock Hotel in Las Vegas) have systems that accept receipts similar to the $1 chips that most other casinos use. Most casinos have automated receipt machines where customers can redeem receipts and eliminate the need to count coins, reducing labor costs.

Standard sets of 300 plastic chips are often sold as collectible casino chip sets for numismatics enthusiasts. This hobby became increasingly popular thanks to the emergence of the Casino Chips & Gaming Tokens Collectors Club in 1988. Some chips cost up to $100,000 on the most popular buying and trading platform, eBuy. Some casinos also sell decks of cards with the casino's name stamped on them.

Story

Although the first legal gambling house appeared in 1626 in Venice, poker chips similar to those currently used in poker were not used for more than 200 years. In the 19th century and earlier, poker players used small, valuable items. Even earlier, poker players sometimes used jagged pieces of gold, gold nuggets, gold dust or coins, and "chips" were made primarily from ivory, bone, wood, paper and a mixture of clay and shellac.

Several companies between 1880 and the late 1930s created a special clay mixture for poker chips. There were over 1000 designs to choose from. Most chips were white, red, blue and yellow, but they could be made in almost any color desired.

Design

The vast majority of casino chips are clay compressed chips. Contrary to popular belief, gaming pieces back in the 1950s were not made of 100% clay. The modern composition of clay chips is made from more durable materials than those made only from clay. The chips contain at least a few percent of earthen material such as sand, chalk and clay, similar to what is used in cat litter. The composition used to make the chips is a trade secret and varies slightly depending on the manufacturer, cost and labor intensity of making the chips. Spots on edges or inserts are stained; to achieve this effect, this area of ​​clay is removed and then replaced with clay of a different color; this can be done with each chip individually or at a block of chips, where the chips are cut into a cylindrical block to insert the colored stripes. Each chip can optionally have a decoration in the middle, which is placed in a special mold in which each chip is heated and compressed at a temperature of 149° C), hence the term pressed chips.

Printed graphics on clay chips are called decor. The inlays are typically made of paper and then lined with a plastic film that is applied to the chips prior to the compression molding process. During the formation process, the decor is attached to the chip and cannot be removed from the chip without destroying it.

Ceramic chips were introduced in the mid-1980s as an alternative to clay chips, and are also used in casinos. The ability to print inscriptions and graphics on the entire surface of the chip has become very popular. Ceramic chips are sometimes also called clay chips or clay composite chips, but they are actually injection molded with a special plastic or resin formula that brings the feel and sound closer to ceramic or porcelain. There are less expensive chips for the domestic market, made from various plastic molds and also coated with metal.

Chips used in North American casinos typically weigh around 10 grams, but are typically between 8 and 10.5 grams. Chips for real casinos are produced by companies such as Gaming Partners International, Paulson, NevadaJacks Manufacturing Co, American Standard Moldin, Blue Chip Company, Palm Gaming International and CHIPCO. Paulson, BCC, and ASM make clay chips, and CHIPCO makes ceramic chips. NevadaJacks uses a sublimation process on a ceramic chip. Palm Gaming International acquired the assets of the now-defunct CHIPCO in January 2013.

Colors

There is no universally standardized color scheme for the various chip denominations in poker, and schemes vary not only nationally and regionally, but even by location of the game or type of event in the same place.

Chip colors for home sets typically include red, white, blue, and sometimes green and black. However, in Lately a wide range of colors became readily available, particularly in cheaper ABS plastic chips. Common complementary colors are pink, purple, yellow, orange and gray colors. Newer developments for home kits include tri-color designs, where chips are created through a three-stage casting process. Depending on the buyer's preferences, the different colors range widely from less traditional colors for very high denominations such as $500, $1000, $5000, etc., common in tournaments, to special "fractional" denominations such as $2 or $0.50, common in tournaments. low limits.

In casinos, uniform chip colors and sizes are sometimes dictated by the local gaming control department. For example, the rules in New Jersey and Illinois specify uniform colors for chips. Notably, Nevada has no rules regarding color, so Nevada casinos may use white, blue or gray for $1 chips, although for $5 or more chips the colors are almost always the same across all casinos. All US states in which gambling is legal require casino chips to have a unique combination of spots along the edges for identification, the name, city of the casino, and the value of the chip, if any, printed or shaped on the front and back. back side chips.

$2.50 chips are primarily used at blackjack tables, as "naturally" (21 on the first two cards dealt to a player) the pay is 3:2 and most bets are in $5 increments. However, Tropicana Casino and Borgata in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and others use $2.50 (pink) chips in poker games for bets ranging from $7.50 to $15 and $10 to $20.

$20 chips are primarily used in baccarat and Pai Gow poker, so all winning bets on baccarat and all winning bets on Pai Gow are subject to a 5% commission. Bet sizes of 20 are not uncommon in traditional table games such as craps and roulette.

Since in Chinese culture an eight is considered lucky number, chips in denominations of 8, 88 and (e.g. $8 in the US) are common in casinos catering to a Chinese clientele, and often as a promotion for the Chinese Lunar New Year. They sometimes feature an image of an animal associated with that year and come in a variety of colors.

Low-denomination yellow chips also vary in value: $20 in Atlantic City and Illinois (which also uses a mustard color for $0.50 chips); $5 at most Southern California poker clubs; $2 at Running Aces Harness Park and Canterbury Park, both in Minnesota, and Casino del Sol in Tucson, Arizona; $0.50 at Potawatomi Casino Milwaukee, WI. Blue chips are sometimes used for $10, primarily in Atlantic City. In Las Vegas and California, most casinos use blue or white colors for $1 chips, although many Las Vegas casinos now use metal tokens instead of $1 chips.

Chips worth $1,000 or more are also available, depending on the casino's betting limits. These chips are often orange or yellow in color. Casinos in Nevada, Atlantic City, and other areas that allow high stakes typically have chips in denominations of $5,000, $10,000, $25,000 or more; the colors for them vary greatly.

Denominations above $5,000 are almost never found in games for the general public; their use is usually limited to high-limit poker rooms, where bet sizes are much higher than on the ground floor of a casino. Casinos often use gaming plaques for these denominations: these plaques are the size of playing card and must be marked with serial numbers. Highest value The chip that can be found today is 10 million dollars - this chip is used at the London Club in Las Vegas.

Televised poker tournaments and cash games sometimes use paper checks for high denominations, while the World Series of Poker and World Poker Tour use round chips exclusively for denominations up to $250,000; these tournament chips, however, cannot be redeemed for cash .

European casinos use a similar scheme, although certain places such as the Aviation Club de France, is used pink color for €2 chips and blue for €10. European casinos also use plaques instead of chips for high denominations such as €1000 and higher ranges.

Safety

Each casino has a unique set of chips, even if the casino is part of big company. This sets casino chips apart from others, as each chip must be backed by a corresponding amount of cash on the gaming floor. Additionally, with the exception of Nevada, casinos do not allow the use of chips from another casino.

The security features of casino chips are numerous. The picture is made in very high resolution and in good quality. Custom color combinations on chips (spots along the edges) are usually hallmark specific casino. UV marking can be done on the tab. Some chips use RFID technology, such as the Wynn Casino in Las Vegas. In addition, the signs of the chip are very difficult to reproduce. Also, one of the manufacturers (PalmGaming) includes a sound component in the ceramic chip blank. A simple handheld reader emits sound signal, If game chip is genuine. PalmGaming even makes custom molds for their ceramic chips, adding another high level of security to gaming chips.

Fake chips are rare. High level observations, along with the staff's exceptional knowledge of chips and coloring results in counterfeit chips being difficult to use. Although casinos are ready for such a situation. All states require casinos to have a reserve chipset with alternative markings, although they are not required to have exactly the same number of reserve chips as the gaming floor. Most famous example chip counterfeiting was exposed in 2005 when two men were caught using counterfeit $1 chips.

Casino chips used in tournaments are usually much cheaper and much simpler in design. Because these chips have no real cash equivalent, usually the chips are designed in one color and smaller width. However, during certain events (such as the World Series of Poker or other televised poker), higher quality chips are used.

Variations

Several casinos, such as the Hard Rock Hotel and the Las Vegas Casino, issue limited edition, different event-themed chips, although the same color scheme is maintained. This encourages customers to buy them as souvenirs, which is profitable for the casino.

Some casinos, such as Wynn and Encore casinos in Las Vegas, have RFID tags built into the chips, which helps the casino better track them and determine average bet sizes. gambling shackles, in addition, these chips are more difficult for fraudsters to counterfeit. However, this method is expensive and, according to many, reduces profits.

On television

The first game on the show to use chips was "Duel", where contestants answered questions using oversized casino tokens. The World Series of Poker actually used its casino chips for poker tournaments, but last years Clay sets were developed specifically for WSOP tournaments.

Some casinos high stakes games also use "pluckies" ($25,000 and up). A plac differs from a chip in that it is larger and, as a rule, has a rectangular shape. Also, unlike chips, plaques in casinos have their own serial numbers.

Usage

Money in a casino or club is exchanged for chips at the cash desk, at the gaming table or at a special exchange office. Chips are equal in value to money on the territory of the casino/club. However, they have no value outside the casino, but some casinos in Las Vegas accept chips from other casinos as payment.

Original casino chips are a huge numismatics industry. This hobby is becoming increasingly popular all over the world. The Chips & Gaming Tokens club was founded in 1988. Some chips cost over $50,000. Some casinos sell custom chip sets with one or two original decks of cards and the casino logo on them. A set of chips fits into a case or suitcase.

A stack is a stack of 20 chips. The dealer constantly uses it to count chips. In order to collect chips from the table when they are scattered, they use “chipping” - collecting chips from the table with their hands. The end of the chip is pressed thumb, and the index finger on the other side is placed in the palm. A good dealer can make 2 stacks using chipping in 6 - 10 seconds.

Story

Although the first houses of gambling were legalized in Venice in 1626, playing chips were not introduced until two hundred years later. In the 1800s, players would play with any small valuable items such as coins, gold nuggets, or gold dust. Subsequently, chips made of ivory, precious wood, papier-mâché, cardboard or clay began to appear. At first, the technology for making chips did not have strict rules: the shape and size were striking in their diversity. The most common chips from 1800 to 1850 were round and square chips, usually convex and with holes. The denomination was indicated not using numbers, but by applying a specific pattern to the chip.

Aristocrats often ordered the production of gaming chips for their own needs from jewelers; it was also considered good form if the gaming chips in a gambling house were gold or silver, inlaid with precious stones. Such chips were expensive, so enterprising scammers quickly learned how to counterfeit them and replace them during the game.

Between 1880 and the late 1930s, several companies made chips from a clay composition. More than 1,000 varieties have been produced. When cases of chip substitution in casinos became more frequent, in order to protect them from cheaters, they began to have complicated designs, images of animals, scratches and pieces of metal on them. Most of the chips were colored white, red, blue and yellow.

The discovery of celluloid in 1862 made it possible 15 years later to produce the first chips consisting of a mixture of clay and plastic. The proportion and components are kept strictly secret by manufacturing companies to this day. Most casinos gradually began to order individual compositions for their chips to avoid counterfeiting. Casino chips are a kind of your own money, allowing you to legally avoid paying taxes on games. Tax is paid only on the sale of chips.

Composition and production

The vast majority of genuine casino chips are clay chips and can be more accurately described as compression molded chips. Contrary to popular belief that 100% clay chips have been commonly used since the 1950s, modern clay chips are made from a composition of materials to increase the longevity of the chip. When producing chips, various ratios of materials are used, such as sand, calcium carbonate, chalk and clay. The process used to make the chips is a trade secret and may vary slightly between manufacturers; most of these processes are considered relatively expensive and labor intensive. To apply a design to the edge of a chip, it is necessary to remove part of the clay and then replace it with clay of a different color; this operation must be done for each chip individually or, to reduce production time, at the stage of forming a cylindrical shape for subsequent cutting into individual chips, cut out strips of clay and replace them with clay of an alternative color. At the same time, each chip receives original decor on the edge and the edge of the front side. Next, the chips are placed in a special mold where they are heated and compressed with approximately 10,000 PSI (70 MPa) at a temperature of 300 °F (149 °C), hence the name compression molding method. Printing graphics on clay chips is called inlay. Inserts, typically made of paper coated with a thin film of plastic, are placed on the chip before the compression molding process begins. During the molding process, the decor becomes an integral part of the chip and cannot be separated from the chip without destroying it.

Ceramic chips were introduced in the mid-1980s as an alternative to clay chips and are very common in casinos and are also easily available for purchase. Ceramic chips are often referred to by some sellers as clay or composite clay, but they are actually injection molded with certain plastics and resins that bring the feel and sound of the chips closer to that of clay chips. Chips used in casinos North America, rarely weigh more than 10 grams, their weight is usually between 8.5 and 11.5 g. There is no official weight for the chips, however, some chips are inlaid with metal tokens to increase their weight. Chips for home use have a significantly larger weight range, sometimes the weight reaches 16 g, depending on the manufacturer and manufacturing technology. A common design for home use is an image of six sides of dice (dice) or card suits along the edges of the face of the chip. They are usually made using injection molding technology from ABS plastic. Some chips are formed around a small metal disc called a token to add weight. In Europe, mother-of-pearl chips are also often used.

Chip colors

In any casino, the color of the chips indicates its value. In many casinos, chips also have a numerical denomination. However, there is no one-to-one correspondence between colors and denominations. The most common color schemes include the following colors:

Other colors are less common (yellow, blue, cyan, violet, orange, gray, etc.) They may correspond to less common intermediate and fractional denominations ($0.50, $2, $2.50, $10, $20) and large denominations ($500 and above).

Chip protection

Each casino has its own unique features, even if the casino is part of more large company, since each chip at the gaming table must be backed by a corresponding amount of money. Additionally, with the exception of the state of Nevada, casinos do not allow the use of third party casino chips. The security features of casino chips are numerous: the image on the chip is usually very a high resolution or photographic quality; combinations of colors on the sides of a chip are usually characteristic of a particular casino. It is possible to apply ultraviolet markings to the chip. Some chips have radio frequency identification, such as at the new Wynn casino in Las Vegas.

Cases of detection of counterfeit chips are very rare. The high level of control and monitoring of everything that happens on the casino premises leaves no chance for fraudsters who counterfeit chips. But the casinos, however, are prepared for this situation. At any time, the casino has the right to remove all chips from the gaming tables and replace them with new ones with alternative markings. Regulatory documents require that each casino maintain an additional supply of alternatively marked chips, although the number of reserve chips does not necessarily have to match the number of the casino's main chips.

Collecting chips

Casino chips are collectible. In 1988, a Collectors Club was established in the United States: Casino Chips & Gaming Tokens Collectors Club (CC & GTCC). It currently has over 3,000 members worldwide.

Execution options

Some casinos, such as the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, issue limited edition chips to commemorate various events while maintaining a common color scheme. This encourages customers to purchase them as souvenirs, bringing additional profit to the casino. Some casinos, such as the Wynn Encore & Casino in Las Vegas, use chips with built-in radio frequency beacons to better track chips at tables and to determine the average bet size at each table, as well as to make them more difficult to reproduce scammers. However, this method is expensive and is seen by many as unnecessary and has no impact on profits.

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• - International Chip Collectors Club

An excerpt characterizing Casino Chip

Napoleon spent the entire day of August 25, as his historians say, on horseback, inspecting the area, discussing the plans presented to him by his marshals, and personally giving orders to his generals.
The original line of the Russian troops along Kolocha was broken, and part of this line, namely the Russian left flank, was driven back as a result of the capture of the Shevardinsky redoubt on the 24th. This part of the line was not fortified, no longer protected by the river, and in front of it there was only a more open and level place. It was obvious to every military and non-military person that the French were supposed to attack this part of the line. It seemed that this did not require many considerations, there was no need for such care and troubles of the emperor and his marshals, and there was no need at all for that special highest ability called genius, which they so like to attribute to Napoleon; but the historians who subsequently described this event, and the people then surrounding Napoleon, and he himself, thought differently.
Napoleon drove across the field, thoughtfully peered at the area, shook his head with himself in approval or disbelief, and, without informing the generals around him of the thoughtful move that guided his decisions, conveyed to them only final conclusions in the form of orders. After listening to Davout's proposal, called the Duke of Ecmul, to bypass the Russian left flank, Napoleon said that this did not need to be done, without explaining why it was not necessary. To the proposal of General Compan (who was supposed to attack the flushes) to lead his division through the forest, Napoleon expressed his consent, despite the fact that the so-called Duke of Elchingen, that is, Ney, allowed himself to note that movement through the forest was dangerous and could upset the division .
Having examined the area opposite the Shevardinsky redoubt, Napoleon thought for a while in silence and pointed to the places where two batteries were to be set up by tomorrow to operate against the Russian fortifications, and the places where field artillery was to be lined up next to them.
Having given these and other orders, he returned to his headquarters, and the disposition of the battle was written under his dictation.
This disposition, about which French historians and other historians speak with delight, was as follows:
“At dawn, two new batteries, built in the night, on the plain occupied by the Prince of Eckmuhl, will open fire on the two opposing enemy batteries.
At the same time, the chief of artillery of the 1st Corps, General Pernetti, with 30 guns of the Compan division and all the howitzers of the Dessay and Friant divisions, will move forward, open fire and bombard the enemy battery with grenades, against which they will act!
24 guards artillery guns,
30 guns of the Compan division
and 8 guns of the Friant and Dessay divisions,
Total - 62 guns.
The chief of artillery of the 3rd Corps, General Fouche, will place all the howitzers of the 3rd and 8th Corps, 16 in total, on the flanks of the battery, which is assigned to bombard the left fortification, which will total 40 guns against it.
General Sorbier must be ready, at the first order, to march with all the howitzers of the Guards artillery against one or another fortification.
Continuing the cannonade, Prince Poniatowski will head towards the village, into the forest and bypass the enemy position.
General Compan will move through the forest to take possession of the first fortification.
Upon entering the battle in this way, orders will be given according to the actions of the enemy.
The cannonade on the left flank will begin as soon as the cannonade of the right wing is heard. The riflemen of Moran's division and the Viceroy's division would open heavy fire when they saw the beginning of the attack of the right wing.
The Viceroy will take possession of the village [of Borodin] and cross his three bridges, following at the same height with the divisions of Morand and Gerard, which, under his leadership, will head to the redoubt and enter the line with the rest of the army.
All this must be done in order (le tout se fera avec ordre et methode), keeping the troops in reserve as much as possible.
In the imperial camp, near Mozhaisk, September 6, 1812."
This disposition, written in a very unclear and confused way, if we allow ourselves to treat his orders without religious horror at the genius of Napoleon, contained four points - four orders. None of these orders could be or were carried out.
The disposition says, first: that the batteries set up at the place chosen by Napoleon with the Pernetti and Fouche guns aligned with them, a total of one hundred and two guns, open fire and bombard the Russian flashes and redoubts with shells. This could not be done, since the shells from the places appointed by Napoleon did not reach the Russian works, and these one hundred and two guns fired empty until the nearest commander, contrary to Napoleon’s orders, pushed them forward.
The second order was that Poniatowski, heading towards the village into the forest, should bypass the left wing of the Russians. This could not be and was not done because Poniatovsky, heading towards the village into the forest, met Tuchkov there blocking his way and could not and did not bypass the Russian position.
Third order: General Kompan will move into the forest to take possession of the first fortification. Compan's division did not capture the first fortification, but was repulsed because, leaving the forest, it had to form under grapeshot fire, which Napoleon did not know.
Fourth: The Viceroy will take possession of the village (Borodino) and cross his three bridges, following at the same height with the divisions of Maran and Friant (about which it is not said where and when they will move), which, under his leadership, will go to the redoubt and enter the line with other troops.
As far as one can understand - if not from the confused period of this, then from those attempts that were made by the viceroy to carry out the orders given to him - he was supposed to move through Borodino on the left to the redoubt, while the divisions of Moran and Friant were supposed to move simultaneously from the front.
All this, as well as other points of disposition, was not and could not be fulfilled. Having passed Borodino, the viceroy was repulsed at Kolocha and could not go further; The divisions of Moran and Friant did not take the redoubt, but were repulsed, and the redoubt was captured by cavalry at the end of the battle (probably an unexpected and unheard of thing for Napoleon). So, none of the orders of the disposition were and could not be executed. But the disposition says that upon entering the battle in this way, orders will be given corresponding to the actions of the enemy, and therefore it would seem that during the battle Napoleon would make all the necessary orders; but this was not and could not be because during the entire battle Napoleon was so far from him that (as it turned out later) the course of the battle could not be known to him and not a single order of his during the battle could be carried out.

Many historians say that battle of Borodino the French did not win because Napoleon had a runny nose, that if he had not had a runny nose, his orders before and during the battle would have been even more ingenious, and Russia would have perished, et la face du monde eut ete changee. [and the face of the world would change.] For historians who recognize that Russia was formed by the will of one man - Peter the Great, and France from a republic developed into an empire, and French troops went to Russia by the will of one man - Napoleon, the reasoning is that Russia remained powerful because Napoleon had a big cold on the 26th, such reasoning is inevitably consistent for such historians.
If it depended on the will of Napoleon to give or not to give the Battle of Borodino and it depended on his will to make this or that order, then it is obvious that a runny nose, which had an impact on the manifestation of his will, could be the reason for the salvation of Russia and that therefore the valet who forgot to give Napoleon On the 24th, waterproof boots were the savior of Russia. On this path of thought, this conclusion is undoubted - as undoubted as the conclusion that Voltaire made jokingly (without knowing what) when he said that the Night of St. Bartholomew occurred from an upset stomach of Charles IX. But for people who do not allow that Russia was formed by the will of one person - Peter I, and that the French Empire was formed and the war with Russia began by the will of one person - Napoleon, this reasoning not only seems incorrect, unreasonable, but also contrary to the whole essence human. When asked what constitutes the cause historical events, another answer seems to be that the course of world events is predetermined from above, depends on the coincidence of all the arbitrariness of the people participating in these events, and that the influence of Napoleons on the course of these events is only external and fictitious.
Strange as it may seem at first glance, the assumption that the Night of St. Bartholomew, the order for which was given by Charles IX, did not occur at his will, but that it only seemed to him that he ordered it to be done, and that the Borodino massacre of eighty thousand people did not occur at the will of Napoleon (despite the fact that he gave orders about the beginning and course of the battle), and that it seemed to him only that he ordered it - no matter how strange this assumption seems, but human dignity tells me that each of us, if not more, then no way less people, than the great Napoleon, orders to allow this solution to the issue, and historical research abundantly confirms this assumption.

Nowadays no one can be surprised by collecting coins, paper money, icons, various items antiquities and other items. However, almost no one realizes that some people are collecting chips at the Vulcan of Luck casino. And this is not a pure hobby of collecting; it also brings sufficient financial profit to individual collectors.

It is difficult to establish in what century the first collector of these items appeared and who he was. It can be assumed that the first collector of chips was some kind of gambler who decided to leave chips from various casinos in which he played himself as a souvenir of these establishments. Then these chips were joined by other chips, incl. and presented by friends and acquaintances of our person incognito. This is how the first collections of casino chips were formed.

Who is currently engaged in this type of collecting?

There is no doubt that the collectors of casino chips are mainly the players themselves, who, in search of luck, travel or have traveled to all corners of the world in order to make money in casinos. And as a memory of their voyages, they keep lucky chips for themselves.

And if players are happy with the new chips that have appeared in their collection, then for casino owners, the “leaving of chips” from the internal circulation of the establishment causes some difficulties, but does not lead to financial losses, since the cost of manufacturing one chip is significantly lower than its face value. If we take an average, the cost of one chip ranges from 50 cents to 2 dollars, and their nominal value is about 2 to 5 dollars.

If players have to collect only chips from circulation that have significant wear and tear during use, then the manufacturers or customers of these chips (casino owners) are in a more advantageous position, since they can keep new chips for their collection without signs of circulation on their surface.

What parameters are used to evaluate casino chips as one of the collectibles?

The cost of any item on the collectible market is determined based on the following factors: circulation, metal and condition. Also very valuable are casino chips that have already ceased to exist, as well as chips that were circulated in illegal gambling houses in countries where gambling is prohibited by national legislation.

Some casinos produce limited edition chips, which are dedicated to the establishment's anniversary or some holiday, which, due to their small circulation, later become a collector's item. So, for example, the online casino JoyCasino on the occasion of their release new game Brothers, we ordered a new batch of chips with the image of the main character of the game.

How are casino chips valued?

For most collectibles, for example, in numismatics, there are specialized catalogs that allow you to find out the characteristics of coins and their collectible value.

But how to estimate the collectible value of chips, find out their circulation, place of issue and other parameters? Here you can’t do without collectors’ clubs and various specialized sites and forums, with the help of which you can find out various information on certain chips, buy, sell or exchange casino chips.

It should also be said that collecting casino chips is a rather expensive hobby. After all, on average, the cost of one copy costs a collector about $5. And if you need to collect chips from different continents, the amount will be quite impressive.

But since it’s mostly players who collect, they are willing to spend a lot of money for their memories. After all, memories, especially if they are pleasant, should not be valued in monetary terms.