Children's drawings on the theme of white cranes. What do cranes eat?

The crane is a bird from the order Crane-like family of the Crane family. This is a bird of aquatic and semi-aquatic spaces. She settles near bodies of water. The crane has long legs and neck. When it flies, it always extends its legs and neck in length. The head is usually small. Can walk on water in shallow waters, thanks to its long and thin legs. It feeds on aquatic insects, which it catches from the water column or takes out by digging it out of the watery muddy soil. It can also eat seeds, shoots and roots of plants. During the breeding season, like many birds, it forms pairs. Builds a nest at the edge of a reservoir, usually hiding it in dense vegetation. There are 2-5 chicks. Cranes are the heroes of many Russians folk tales. They are often represented in them as very intelligent creatures. Let's draw a crane step by step with a pencil here in the lesson.

Stage 1. Draw helper lines. A small round head, from which in front we immediately draw two straight lines, converging at the end and separated in the middle of the straight line. This is a beak. From the head we outline a smooth S-curved line long neck. It connects to the oval body. From below we draw the legs bent at the joint.

Stage 2. Draw the contours of the head, turning into the neck. On the head we denote an eye with a pupil.

Stage 4. On the side of the body we draw the upper feathers of the wing folded at rest. After that, under the first feathers we show the lower feathers.

Stage 5. Under the belly of the crane, along the sketch lines, we mark the legs of the crane. They are quite thin, thickened only at the top and at the joint.

Stage 6. Below we will draw his foot with thumbs, three of which are directed forward, and one is turned backward. We will show sharp curved claws on our fingers.

Stage 7. Now let’s create a beautiful fluffy tail of the bird. At the back of the body we make feathers, first the top layer, then the bottom layer of feathers.

Stage 8. We detail the feathers, showing the trunk and grooves of the first order (see our lesson on drawing a feather).

Stage 9. This is what an unpainted crane looks like.

Cranes are beautiful, noble and very ancient birds, whose ancestors lived on Earth along with dinosaurs and managed to survive after all global cataclysms.

Israel: cranes in the Hula Valley.

Interest and respect for birds can be traced in the cultures of many peoples of the world. The crane is considered national symbol Armenia. In many Asian countries The crane is a sacred bird, the embodiment of happiness and longevity. In Rus' they were considered messengers of God; our ancestors believed that the first person to see the crane dance in the spring would be blessed with happiness and good luck all year long. In Yakutia today they believe that the killer of a crane faces terrible misfortunes.

Aristotle began studying these birds, and today cranes are included in the extensive order of crane-like animals and the family of cranes. The genus of true cranes consists of 10 species of birds, distributed almost throughout the world.

What does a crane look like?

A person far from ornithology may confuse the crane with other long-legged, long-necked semi-aquatic birds. If we compare the crane in the photo with its very distant relatives the heron and the stork, then the legs and neck of the crane are longer, the body is more graceful, and the beak is shorter.

This is a tall, stately bird, the height of representatives different types ranges from 90 to 175 cm and weighs from 2 to 11 kg. The body of the crane is elongated, teardrop-shaped. When the bird is standing, the long flight feathers of the wing create the impression that it has a long, luxuriant tail, which in some species resembles a train.

The wingspan of an adult crane is about 2 m. Birds take off with a running start in the wind, quickly pick up speed and spread their wings just before takeoff. The flight of the crane is smooth and rhythmic, with soft lowering of the wings and sharp upward strokes. Unlike herons, cranes fly with their necks stretched forward and tuck their legs in inclement weather.

The long neck of the crane is crowned by a small, neat head with an elongated straight beak, 20 - 30 cm long. Part of the head is devoid of feathers, and the bare area of ​​rough skin is bright red or orange, so from a distance it resembles a cap.

The plumage colors of cranes are predominantly grey, white and black. Individuals of both sexes do not differ in any way in appearance; males are only slightly heavier than females.

Habitat and lifestyle

Cranes nest in Eurasia, North America and Australia. Residents of warm regions live sedentary lives; migratory populations winter in the south of France, Asian countries, Mexico and the southern United States.

Migrating cranes fly at altitudes from 900 m to 1.5 km, using rising air currents, and form a wedge only in headwind conditions. During their migration, birds make 1-2 stops in the same place, where they rest for several weeks.

Unlike herons and storks, cranes never perch on trees; they gather in large groups to roost at night and sleep in shallow water standing up with one leg tucked under them. Therefore, the main habitats of birds are wet, low-lying, swampy forest landscapes or places near fresh water bodies. During wintering, the birds live in marshy areas with salt water. It is precisely because of the drainage of swamps and the destruction of habitats familiar to birds that most crane species are today on the verge of extinction.

What do cranes eat?

These birds are omnivores and equally successfully consume various parts of plants and animal food. The diet of cranes does not depend on the availability of certain food; if the usual food is not available, the birds switch to any food that they can feed on.

The plant diet includes stems, leaves, roots of various aquatic and terrestrial plants, seeds and fruits. Particular preference is given to grain crops. Often large flocks of cranes descend on corn and grain fields, causing serious damage to the land.

Animal food consists of worms and insects, amphibians, small rodents, reptiles, mollusks, crustaceans, and fish.

In places where hunting cranes is prohibited by religion and law, the birds are not afraid of people and willingly feed near settlements and livestock pastures.

Features of reproduction

Cranes are monogamous and remain married throughout their lives. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of 3 - 5 years, and pairs are formed before arriving at the nesting sites.

The union of two birds is celebrated with a mandatory mating ritual, which is called the dance of the cranes. Mutual courtship consists of bouncing, small dashes and bows. The male and female flap their wings, spin, throw twigs and tufts of grass into the air, and all this is accompanied by a drawn-out melodic song. After mating, the pair begins building a nest.

Outside the mating season, cranes are not aggressive, but they jealously guard their nesting territory from strangers, the area of ​​which varies from 1 to 40 km2. For the nest, a secluded, hard-to-reach place is chosen right in the water, in shallow water, often in dense thickets of reeds and reeds.

The finished crane nest is a large compacted pile of tree branches, dry grass, pieces of moss and peat, up to 3 m in diameter.

Cranes are clean and carefully care for their feathers, but immediately before incubation they are specially coated with silt and wet earth. If the crane looks downright dirty in the photo, it means the bird is trying to camouflage itself in order to become less noticeable to predators and humans.

The female lays 1 to 3 light beige speckled eggs weighing about 200 g. Both parents incubate, and the incubation period lasts from 28 to 32 days. The chicks are born naked and helpless, but after a day they are already firmly on their feet. In order not to attract enemies, parents often crush and hide the eggshells.

Despite the small number of chicks, competition for survival often leads to the death of the weaker one. The chicks become fully feathered 70 - 75 days after birth and acquire the ability to fly, but they always spend the first winter with their parents.

IN wildlife Cranes live up to 20 years, and in captivity life expectancy increases to 80 years.

Types of cranes: genus true cranes

Of the 10 species of true cranes, most are extremely vulnerable or on the verge of extinction. Therefore, in 1973, America was created International Foundation protection of cranes.

An endangered species of cranes that nest exclusively in northern Russia and winter in China. This large birds, height up to 140 cm and weight from 5 to 8.6 kg. The main color of the plumage is white, only the tips of the flight feathers are black. A distinctive species feature is a very long beak of bright red color with a jagged tip. The long legs of Siberian Cranes are colored reddish-pink.

Numerous species, widespread in Russia, China and Mongolia. Adult birds grow up to 115 cm, the body weight of males is about 6 kg. The birds' legs are black, the beak is light. The plumage of the back is dark gray with blue, the belly and wings are light gray, the tips of the wings are black. The forehead and top of the neck from the chin are dark gray or black.

A small, rare species, discovered only in 1974. The birds nest in eastern Russia and northern China and winter on the Japanese island of Kyushu. These are relatively small cranes, no more than 100 cm high and weighing about 3.75 g. The main plumage is dark gray with blue, the head and neck are white. The tips of the tail coverts and flight wings are painted black. The limbs are black-brown. The beak is interestingly colored: pink at the base, gradually becoming greenish, and yellow-green towards the tip.

A rare species whose representatives live in the Tibetan Plateau Chinese province Qinghai. For the winter, birds descend into the valleys of Tibet or migrate to Bhutan and northeast India.

The height of the black-necked crane is about 115 cm with a body weight of 5.35 kg. The back and wings of the birds are gray-ashy in color, the belly is dirty white. The upper part of the neck and head are black, a white or grayish spot is clearly visible under the eyes. Legs and tail are black.

Rare cranes belonging to an endangered species. The birds live in Russia in the Amur River basin and in Japan. The Japanese population leads a sedentary lifestyle, the rest of the birds spend the winter in Asia.

These are large cranes, up to 158 cm tall and weighing about 7.5 kg. In autumn, males of the species can gain weight up to 11 kg. Adult birds are distinguished by their snow-white plumage, including their wings, which distinguishes them from other relatives. The birds' legs are lead-gray. The tail and neck are black, and a wide white stripe runs from the eyes to the back of the head and down the neck.

Another name for the birds is the Antigone crane, which is the largest species of crane. Birds live sedentary in India, Indochina and parts of Australia. Average height representatives of the species are 176 cm with a body weight of 6.35 kg.

The plumage color is bluish-gray. In the photo of the Antigone crane, the almost completely bald head and upper part of the neck catches the eye, making the red “cap” of the birds seem especially large. Stubborn, coarse hairs grow on the throat and neck. The birds' legs are reddish, the beak is long, pale green. Today, the Indian crane is classified as a vulnerable species.

In appearance it is very similar to the Indian crane, but smaller in size and darker in color. The height of the birds is about 161 cm, body weight reaches 6 kg. The general color of the plumage is gray with blue, only part of the tips of the wing feathers are almost black. Gray, strongly elongated flight feathers cover the tail and form a kind of long train. The birds' legs are black, the beak is gray. This is a numerous species living sedentary in Australia and New Guinea.

These are the rarest cranes, a small population of which lives in northwestern Canada. Birds winter in the southern United States and Mexico.

Birds grow up to 150 cm and weigh from 6.4 to 7.3 kg. These cranes are completely snow-white with black wing tips and black "whiskers" located on either side of the head from the beak to the throat. The birds' legs are black, the beak is pale yellow with a greenish tip.

The most numerous species, representatives of which are widespread in Canada, Cuba and Chukotka. The birds go to Mexico and the USA for the winter.

There are 6 known subspecies of sandhill crane, whose height ranges from 80 to 150 cm and weight from 3 to 6.5 kg. The plumage color of all subspecies is different shades of gray, the head and top of the neck are light, the cheeks are white, and the legs are black.

The birds, classified as endangered species, nest in China, Mongolia and eastern Russia, and winter in Japan.

Large crane, weighing up to 5.6 kg. In adult birds, the plumage is dark gray with a silvery tint to the wings. The main difference between these cranes is the bright red “glasses” around the eyes, formed by areas of bare skin, as well as pink legs and white longitudinal stripes running along the neck.

Types of cranes: genus crowned cranes

The crowned crane lives in Western and East Africa. The number of this species is declining, although it is still quite numerous.

The Eastern crowned crane lives in eastern and southern Africa. This is the most common of the six species of cranes found in Africa.

Types of cranes: demoiselle crane genus

The demoiselle crane is the smallest and third largest member of the crane family.

In this species of cranes, a pair, as a rule, remains intact throughout its life.

The paradise crane or African demoiselle lives in South Africa and leads a sedentary lifestyle. 99% of the paradise crane population lives in South Africa.

Some of the closest relatives of cranes are herons; we have many photos of different types of herons on our website.

I.Work on new material.

The main goal of a landscape artist is to convey a sense of the depth of space. The words of the audience: “I want to enter your picture” will be a huge praise. And this is not a miracle, it is enough to know the laws aerial perspective, which you will meet in class.

1. 
   The air and atmosphere are rarely perfectly transparent. Smoke, dust, and water vapor often create haze. Even on clear days, this haze is clearly visible, the horizon is foggy, and gray and gray-blue tones predominate in the distance. Naturally, main role the weather is playing. This effect is called aerial perspective.

In the foreground, objects seem more contrasting and clear, but with distance they become less clear and completely disappear on the horizon, dissolving in solid blue or gray tones. ( 2 slide)

The shades of colors lose their brightness and turn pale with increasing distance. ( 3 slide)

Warm colors in the foreground are replaced by cool colors in the background. (4 slide)

Look at color scheme paintings " Golden autumn" by artist Levitan. Who remembered a poem that can describe the mood of this picture (5 slide)

In the last lesson, you painted a sunset, where you learned to convey the transitions of color and tone to convey the character of the picture by mixing paints.

Today I propose to depict a sunrise, and at sunrise a flock of cranes. (8 slide)

Cranes are migratory birds. (9 slide)

Look what beautiful, graceful birds they are. (10 slide)

Look carefully and describe the painting “Crane Song” by Jean-Marc Janjaczyk in words.

4. PHYSICAL MINUTE

Are you probably tired? One two three four five,

IV Practical part lesson.

Before execution practical task Let's remember the rules of work:

Where does paint work begin?

What color do we start working with? Why?

Place the album horizontally or vertically (13 slide)

Where does work in landscape begin?

(The teacher performs the task step by step, explaining all the actions out loud.)

The sky is light horizontal strokes. In the morning, the colors of the sunrise are cooler than in the evening.

The surface of the ground - here and there, with vertical strokes, show the delicate grass from under the ground. (14 slide)

Use brown to show the trunks and skeletal branches of the trees. In the distance light color, nearer more saturated.

(15 slide)

At sunrise, a school of cranes flies in the distance or in the foreground. In the foreground you will not be able to see the entire flock, but only a few birds; you depict them close-up. And in the background you can see a flock of birds, depict it smaller.

Using light, quick movements, add soft pink flowers to the tree branches.

What else can be shown in the picture?

Complete your composition yourself

(During practical work the teacher makes targeted rounds):

1) control of workplace organization;

2) monitoring the correct execution of work methods;

3) providing assistance to students experiencing difficulties;

Use color as the main one means of expression in your work.

4) quality control of the work performed.
V. Lesson summary.

1. Exhibition of student works.

2. Final word from the teacher.

Technological lesson map

Item: art
Class: 6
Lesson topic: Traditions of celebrating the New Year in modern culture.
The purpose of the lesson:
- acquaintance with the traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries of the world;
- acquaintance with the history and culture of other peoples.
.
Lesson objectives:
- teach how to perform images of attributes for the New Year;
- develop practical and independent work skills, accuracy, and the ability to appreciate the time factor;
- development of imagination, observation and attention;
- development of an aesthetic attitude to the world; needs for artistic creativity and in communication;
- solve the technological problem of problem-based learning (research method)
- bring up careful attitude to works of art.
Lesson type: Combined, presentation of new material, setting and solving an educational problem.
Methods and forms of teaching: Explanatory and illustrative, practical; individual, frontal.
Type of activity: Individual work.

Necessary equipment:
For the teacher:
- reproductions of paintings and sketches by artists on the theme of the New Year and carnival;
- pencil, format.

For students:
- formats, simple pencil.

STRUCTURE AND PROGRESS OF THE LESSON
№
Lesson stage
Teacher activities
Student activity
Formed UUD

1
2
3
4
5

1.
Organizing time. (1 min.)
Greetings. Checking readiness for the lesson.
The students take their seats. Check availability of accessories.
L: have motivation to study and creative activity.

2.
Leading up to the topic.
(2 minutes.)
- Guys! Listen to the riddle.
His days are the shortest of all days,
Of all nights longer than night.
To the fields and meadows
It snowed until spring.
Only our month will pass,
We are celebrating the New Year.

What month is the riddle talking about? (December).
- What holiday will be soon?
Right. The most fabulous and long-awaited New Year!

Determine the topic of the lesson.
Participate in a group discussion, share impressions, answer questions.
L: show interest in artistic activities.
K: accept a learning task, answer questions, draw conclusions.
R: accept and save the learning task.

3.
Updating knowledge.(3 min.)
- Guys! Do you like the New Year holiday?
- Why?
- Do you think the New Year is celebrated the same way in different countries?

And who comes to Russia with the New Year? (Father Frost)
- Which city is declared the official homeland of Santa Claus? (Veliky Ustyug)
- On what day did they celebrate the New Year in Russia? (September 1)
-How do they celebrate the New Year in Russia?
On New Year's Eve, Father Frost comes with his granddaughter Snegurochka, a Christmas tree is decorated in every house, and the custom of decorating a New Year tree came to us from our distant ancestors, who treated trees as living beings.
The New Year in Russia falls on September 1st. And only in 1700, by decree of Peter the Great, the New Year began to be celebrated on January 1.
We have a Christmas tree. And in Vietnam it is replaced by peach branches. In Japan, bamboo and plum branches are attached to pine branches.

New Year is one of the most important events in the life of a farmer. Humanity has no holidays older than New Year's.

Today we will go on a trip to different countries to find out... when and how the New Year is celebrated, the attributes of celebrating the New Year and what Santa Claus is called in different countries of the world.
They look at the illustrations, analyze the information, and answer.
K: know how to listen to each other, construct understandable speech statements, justify and prove their point of view
L: awareness of one’s capabilities.
R: accept and save the learning task.
P: build a conscious and voluntary speech utterance in oral form

4.
Primary perception and assimilation of new educational material.
(5 minutes.)

We are setting off on a long journey and England is waiting for us.

What is the name of Santa Claus in England? (Santa Claus.)
Although no one invites anyone over, there is an unwritten rule that New Year's Eve or evening, anyone can come to any house without any invitations, even to strangers, and will be warmly received. The guest is supposed to bring at least a small piece of coal with him, throw it into the family hearth and wish that the fire in this house burns for a long time.
The custom of “letting in the New Year” is widespread in the British Isles. When the clock strikes 12, they open the back door of the house to let them out. Old year, and with the last blow o'clock the front door is opened, letting in the New Year.
It was in England that the custom of exchanging greeting cards for the New Year arose.
Santa Claus smokes a pipe, travels through the air on reindeer, and enters a house through a pipe. Children leave milk and cookies for him under the tree.

Germany
In Germany, they believe that Santa Claus appears on a donkey on New Year's Day. Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for the gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and put hay in their shoes - a treat for his donkey.
The custom of bringing a Christmas tree home and decorating it arose in the 16th century in Germany. Since then, a Christmas tree has been installed in every home on New Year's Day.

Italy
In the city of Rome
Rain.
Dark.
Exactly at twelve
The window opened
And it flew away
Out from there
Leaky chair
Broken dish -
All items,
Not needed this year
I won't walk down this street.

In Italy, the New Year begins on January 6th.
Italian Santa Claus - Bobo Natale.
In this country it is a custom to throw away broken dishes, broken furniture, old things - believing that this will bring prosperity to the family in the New Year.
Children are told tales about the old sorceress Befana, who sneaks into the house through the chimney and puts gifts in shoes.

France
French Santa Claus - Père Noel - comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. The one who gets the bean baked into the New Year's pie receives the title of "bean king" and on the festive night everyone obeys his orders.

Finland
Finnish Santa Claus, who is considered the most real in the world, is actually called quite funny - Joulupukki. This is translated, oddly enough, as the Christmas Goat, but many years ago Santa Claus did not wear a fur coat, but a goat’s skin and also delivered gifts on a goat.
On New Year's Eve, having overcome long way From Lapland, Santa Claus comes to houses, distributing gifts, he checks the magic book, where all the actions and pranks of the children are recorded.

Hungary



In Hungary, during the “fateful” first second of the New Year, they prefer to whistle - using not their fingers, but children’s pipes, horns, and whistles.
It is believed that they are the ones who drive away evil spirits from the home and call for joy and prosperity.
It is customary to have a pig on the New Year's table, and not necessarily a roast one. It can be chocolate. But it is not customary to serve poultry; it is believed that happiness will fly away from home.

Czech Republic and Slovenia
A cheerful little man, dressed in a shaggy fur coat, a tall lambskin hat, and with a box on his back, comes to Czech and Slovak children. His name is Mikulas. For those who studied well, he always has gifts. By the way, in Romania and Bulgaria, Santa Claus is also dressed in an inverted lamb skin, decorated with red pepper pods.

China
In China, the New Year's tradition of bathing Buddha has been preserved. On this day, all Buddha statues in temples and monasteries are respectfully washed in clean water from mountain springs. And the people themselves douse themselves with water at the moment when others congratulate them.
On New Year's Day, red color predominates everywhere - the color of the sun, the color of joy.
IN new year holidays settled down more theatrical performances, telling about the history of the family, clan, masquerade processions were held with the exorcism of evil spirits, everything evil and dark.

Japan
Bamboo and pine
And the moon is silent.
What does Suzuki want?
See it in a dream?
- Let them dream about me
Father and mother
And blue happiness -
Mount Fuji.

There is a legend here, according to which a child’s wish will come true if he puts a drawing of what he dreams of under his pillow. That's why kids are busy drawing on New Year's Eve. For the holiday, all families make paper kites and fly them into the sky on the first day of the New Year.
On New Year's Eve in Japan, temple bells ring 108 times. With the last blow you need to go to bed and get up with the first rays and celebrate the new New Year's Day outside. You can’t oversleep - the year will be unsuccessful.
For the New Year's table, housewives prepare rice cookies - a symbol of abundance, boil long thin pasta - a symbol of longevity, prepare pea dishes - a symbol of health, fish dishes - a symbol of strength.

The most popular New Year's accessory is a rake. Every Japanese believes that it is necessary to have them in order to have something to rake in happiness for the New Year.
In the first seconds of the New Year, you should laugh - this should bring good luck.

Austria
Due to the lack of snow, Christmas trees, deer and other usual attributes of the holiday, Father Frost appears in a swimming suit, on a special brightly decorated surfboard on the beaches of Sydney.
Moreover, observing the traditions of the Old World, his clothes always include a white beard and a red cap with a pompom at the end.

Scotland
In Scotland, the characters of the New Year were gnomes. As a rule, men came wearing gnome masks and carrying thin oatcakes (symbols of the sun) and wished them a Happy New Year. It was believed that such a visit would bring good luck to the house.

Russia
In Russia, the custom of lighting Christmas tree lights for the New Year also came from ancient times from the inhabitants of England and Germany. In those distant times, people gathered in winter forest evergreen spruce tree, lit fires near it, sang, danced and had fun.
IN folk culture everything was clear and logical. Christmas December 25th – the beginning of Christmastide. They lasted two weeks and were divided by the New Year into two equal parts. One holiday week ended the year, another opened it. And the year itself was considered old. This has been preserved in the era of modern holidays, when the new year is depicted by a child, and the outgoing year by an old man with a gray beard who has lived a whole human life.

Christmastide is the twelve-day period between the Feast of the Nativity of Christ and the Feast of the Epiphany. Many traditions of cheerful celebration have been preserved to this day: carols, games, visits. According to the church charter, this period is considered “continuous”, that is, without fasting days. The holidays will end on January 18th with Epiphany Eve.
It is believed that the festive period received this name in honor of the fact that all twelve days were consecrated by the great event of the Nativity of Christ. Or, according to one version, the word “Yuletide” comes from the verb “to sanctify”, since on Christmastide the people “sanctify”, that is, they glorify Christ and the Birth of Christ.
Initially, the folk roots of Christmas traditions go back to pagan times (during the winter solstice, the ancient Slavs performed spell rituals about the harvest, the offspring of livestock, and fortune telling). But the Christian tradition of celebrating Christmastide has also been known since ancient times. Let us note that the Church condemns fortune telling. With the advent of Christianity, Christmastide began to be filled with new meaning.
Christmastide is also mentioned by church regulations of the 6th century (they prohibited fasting, kneeling and the sacrament of marriage on Christmastide). Historians of religion say that even in the 4th century, Greek Christians rejoiced and celebrated for two weeks after Christmas. Special attention The focus was on ensuring that everyone was in a joyful mood: the poor, slaves, prisoners. In Byzantium, it became a custom during Christmas time to bring food and gifts to prisons and hospitals and to help the poor. Mentions of Christmastide as a special post-Christmas celebration can be found in Gregory of Nyssa and Ephraim the Syrian.
Over time, Christmastide finally became a period when people especially glorify the Nativity of Christ. By the way, the very custom of giving gifts at Christmas time goes back to the events of the Bethlehem night, when the wise men brought gold, frankincense and myrrh as gifts to the newborn Jesus.
What did Christians do on Christmastide? There was a tradition of helping the poor and weak and exchanging gifts. The housewives set the tables and prepared delicious treats. Young people and children were engaged in caroling, or praising, dressed up and came to visit their fellow villagers with a large homemade Christmas star. They sang church hymns of the troparion and kontakion of the holiday, as well as carols and spiritual songs dedicated to Christmas.
In the old days, holidays were held on Christmastide. The mummers went to visit
They dressed up in costumes, tried so as not to guess. The children walked around, brought kutya and received sweets, read poems. This is very interesting ritual, who is alive and in our time - these are cheerful and joyful days.
Teachers listen, answer questions, share impressions.
P: extract necessary information from what you listened to, structure knowledge.
K: enter into dialogue, express your thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy.
P: define new concepts

5.
Dynamic pause.(3 min.)
Conducts physical exercises.
Do the exercises.
L: have a positive attitude towards physical activity.

6.
Goal setting.
(2 minutes.)
Consider the works of folk artists on Christmastide themes.
Disassemble:
- What characters are depicted, what is their role in the Christmas action;
- What means did the mummers use to transform themselves?
- What was the face mask made of - an obligatory and ancient Christmas accessory.

Tradition of New Year's Eve carnival costume came to us from the West. As a rule, such costumes were made by hand, each in a single copy. Most often, a carnival outfit is a hero’s costume literary work or historical figure. Whomever you meet at the New Year's carnival: witches and snow maidens. Knights and pirates, Cinderellas, devils, goblin, hares and bears, astrologers and immortal Koshchei, musketeers and beautiful ladies!

Pay attention to the wonderful costumes of theatrical characters, justified by the situation of a masquerade, created for ballet productions by the St. Petersburg artist L. S. Bakst (1866-1924) at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.
Participate in discussion

L: awareness of your capabilities.
R: the ability to regulate one’s actions.
K: planning educational collaboration with the teacher and peers.
P: logical – analysis of objects in order to identify features.

7.
Work planning.(3 min.)
Ensure meaningful assimilation and consolidation of knowledge (placards with the names of the stages of work are posted on the board or a note is made).

Before you start:
- choosing an outfit for the New Year's masquerade;
- note that the costumes of epic and fairy tale characters are created based on the shapes and details of the festive Russian costume;
- please note that an integral part theatrical costume is makeup, so artists usually depict in sketches not only clothes, but also portraits actor, which helps the actor to better understand and more clearly express the inner content of his character.

Working on a carnival costume:

Roughly outline the face, arms and legs of the character in the suit, taking into account the proportions of the person’s figure, which will help create a complete set of suit with shoes and headdress;
Complementing a fancy dress costume with a mask. It can be very simple in shape, of any color, decorated with ornaments. For an animal, bird or fantastic creature costume, the mask is an important part of the character’s holistic image and helps convey it characteristic features;
Transferring the costume in such a way that it speaks about the character in itself. Using a colored spot as a means of expressiveness with additional drawing small parts felt-tip pen, as well as the texture and precisely found proportions will help in creating the emotional and figurative characteristics of the costume.

Work on decorating the Christmas tree, New Year's table, souvenirs and gifts:
Choice of decoration: shiny balls, multi-colored garlands, brightly burning candles or gold and silver streams of sparkling thread, masks. Make these decorations separately or in composition with Christmas tree branches;
Come up with decorations for the New Year's table: a napkin ornament, a tablecloth, a candlestick, an image of an animal eastern calendar, a garland on a door, wall, window, mask;
Using the most successful drawings and compositions as a New Year's gift to your family and friends, in a New Year's wall newspaper, or a poster for a New Year's school ball.
Participate in conversation; formulate conclusions; talk through the stages of work.
Analyze information.
R: establish the sequence of actions to complete the task.
K: listen and hear the interlocutor.
P: apply the acquired knowledge about making a composition in color from vegetables and fruits in compliance with the laws of aerial perspective.

8.
Creative work (20 min.)
Carrying out work on New Year's theme.
The teacher monitors the work of students, advises, and provides the necessary assistance.
Complete the task, building the work according to the planned plan
P: preparing workplace, observing the rules of educational hygiene.
L: have a desire to draw, learning to be independent fine arts activities.
K: accept and find ways to solve the educational problem.
R: make a plan and sequence of actions.

9.
Reflection of activity.
(3 min.)
Organizes consolidation of the material covered.

What new we learned:
- the tradition of celebrating the New Year goes back two and a half thousand years;
- every nation has its own traditions of celebrating the New Year;
- in Russia the custom Christmas tree dates back to the Petrine era;
- New Year's masquerade is a holiday of amazing transformations, when everyone can appear in the image of a loved one, at least for a short time literary hero.

Organizes a discussion of the quality of work while viewing the drawings.
Lineup.
Image size.
Idea.

The teacher summarizes the lesson and gives homework.
Thanks for the work!
The guys express their opinions. Colors are used to determine the mood that arose during the work process.

R: evaluate their work, are able to adequately perceive the assessment of their comrades and teachers.

K: they know how to express their opinion and argue their point of view.

There are many things associated with cranes beautiful legends and stories. In Japan, the crane is a symbol of happiness and longevity; the ancient Chinese believed that these birds were messengers of God; in Rus', seeing a crane was considered extraordinary luck and a sign of a rich harvest. In many beliefs, a pair of cranes still represents fidelity, love and happiness. They were embroidered on towels for the wedding day, painted, made into figures and given to loved ones. The Japanese say that if you make a thousand paper cranes, you will become the largest one. cherished dream. How to draw a crane? Varieties of these amazing birds There are quite a few, the most unusual type being the one with a red “cap” on its head. Let's try to draw a crane step by step.

1. Let's show a crane in flight; it is especially beautiful in motion. We draw a flying bird in watercolor, which means we need thick special paper, a pencil for a preliminary sketch and an eraser. You will also need a soft cloth that absorbs water well to remove excess water from the brush. Let's depict the body of the bird as an elongated oval, like a grain. The right wing will visually look larger, because the left one is at an angle to the viewer and appears shorter. Let's draw a curved, graceful neck; it will be approximately equal in size to half of the body. We finish drawing two graceful paws folded in flight.

   

   
   
2. We draw magnificent huge wings and a head. Notice how flat the left wing seems and where it is “attached” to the body - above the middle, closer to the back, at the same angle.

   

   
   
3. Carefully remove the auxiliary lines with an eraser and draw feathers. They will be large and hard around the edges. They seem to fold like a fan and at the highest point of the wing there are the widest and largest feathers, this allows the bird to easily soar in the air. Look at how they are located - the top feather is at an angle of almost 90 degrees, and the lower feathers are turned in the opposite direction and gradually become smaller in size. We mark the border of the bird's colors on the neck and head.

   

   
   
4. Let's start painting with watercolors. Take more water And different shades blue. You can add a little purple and pink. Be careful with warm colors - yellow, ocher, brown - otherwise it may turn out dirty. Put a little paint on the brush, paint in light and transparent layers, add water, but in moderation. The paper will absorb it, mixing all kinds of shades, and you will get wonderful picturesque stains. Where we want to make an accent (and this will be the crane’s head), we add rich paint, highlighting this fragment. Be sure to wait until this layer is completely dry before moving on to the next step.

   

   
   
5. Using a thin brush we paint the neck of the bird, and with a wide brush we add a transparent gray-blue tint to the body of the crane. We will leave the edges of the wings and the back pure white, and do not paint over the paper in these areas at all. Using the same gray-blue paint we will make a shadow on the bird’s abdomen. This layer should also dry well.

   

   
   
6. We add details to the final drawing with a thin brush. In the picture the neck and feathers look black, but in reality the color used is dark gray with a deep blue added. Remember that pure black does not exist in nature; it is obtained by mixing different colors and can have cold and warm shades. Therefore, if you are painting a landscape or an animal, then do not use only black paint, it will not look entirely natural and rough. We draw the bird’s paws, a dark red beak and a bright “cap”. Using a cool shade of gray, in short strokes, draw the feathers on the wings, under the black row. Now move a little away from the drawing and see how it is perceived, is the picture complete? To further highlight the beautiful snow-white wings, you can add a deep blue tint to the area of ​​the sky near the crane's neck.