Give a portrait sketch of a person you know. Portrait sketch about an interesting person

Characteristics of a person. Portrait sketch.

Portrait sketch -

journalistic genre, whose hero is Human high moral qualities, a person who transforms life, devoting all his strength, knowledge, and experience to the cause.

Basic elements of a portrait sketch.

What is a portrait sketch made of?

Nikolai Mikhailovich Amosov,

outstanding surgeon.

Let's watch!

Text No. 1

Nikolai Mikhailovich Amosov – doctor, surgeon. He also has such a professional appearance, or something. Always smart, quick in his movements. A very memorable face. Thin. Volitional. Smart. A stern, stern look.

“A surgeon is not only a doctor. This is the master. As a jeweler or tool maker,” writes N. Amosov. It’s not for nothing that people say about good masters and good surgeons: “golden hands.”

Over many years of work, N.M. Amosov saved the lives and restored health to a huge number of people. He has performed hundreds, perhaps thousands, of heart surgeries. He wrote more than 40 scientific papers. Amosov made an outstanding contribution to improving the treatment of heart defects...

(According to K. Grigoriev.)

“A surgeon is not only a doctor. This is the master. As a jeweler or tool maker,” writes N. Amosov. It’s not for nothing that people say about good masters and good surgeons: “golden hands.”

Information.

Sometimes it is not enough to say that your hero professes such and such values, ideals, and has achieved such and such in his activities.

It is much more interesting and often more important to know - how he defends these values, what difficulties he overcomes fighting for them?

It is very important to find such "plot" on life path hero, which contains some extraordinary difficulties, has a dramatic character. This is where you can find specific manifestations of the hero's character, his talent, perseverance, hard work and other significant qualities from the point of view of achieving the goal.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky ,

Let's watch!

Text No. 2

Tvardovsky was not one of the people with whom it was easy and simple. But communication with him, no matter what mood he was in, was always interesting. He never tried to seem smarter than he was, but for some reason his superiority was always felt, even when in an argument it turned out that it was you and not him who was right. Like most people, he didn’t like to admit he was defeated, but if he had to, he always did it in such a knightly manner, with such an open visor that you wanted to immediately give him your sword. Yes, there was chivalry in him, in this son of the Smolensk forests, light-eyed, slanting fathoms in the shoulders, the ability to defend his rightness, looking straight into the eyes, not to renounce what was said and not to change in battle. This forever attracted me to him.

He really disliked, and could not always hide it, people who paid too much attention to themselves. Some red socks or an overly colorful tie could immediately turn him against a person. In general, vulgarity, in any of its manifestations, was contraindicated for him. I saw how his interest in such a person was lost before his eyes...

(V. Nekrasov.)

Information.

Using Descriptions character trait better to connect with specific " mini-examples" from life, comments along the way.

You shouldn't express your feelings direct relationship to the hero (“like/dislike”), instead objectively evaluate hero characteristics. You should not take your subjective attitude towards a person as reality. Reveal a person's character using different sides of his character, different situations.

Drawing conclusions from observations

The portrait sketch should include the following:

components:

brief description appearance hero;
story about his case, profession, creativity;
separate important facts biographies;
description character traits the hero, his speech (examples of statements, quotes);
bright episode, revealing the main thing in the hero.

A different sequence is possible!

Advice from experienced journalists

“The portrait essay is a widespread genre in modern journalism. .. What is the basis of such an essay? The fate of a specific person, told by a specific journalist who “passed” it through himself. This is by no means not a biography retelling. On the contrary, it is necessary to select with special care from a person’s biography exactly those facts that would help reveal your main idea. This idea is a must! After all, for some reason you chose this particular person and not another person! What attracts and fascinates you about him? What bright, unique traits does your hero have? In what situations did he show them “in all their glory”?

In the essay we describe the appearance of a person. Of course, not all of its components, but the most striking ones, emphasizing certain character traits. Try your best Avoid cliches in such descriptions. Enough with “eyes radiating with kindness” and “kind, open faces.” Look for your shades, give them your definitions..."

T. Solntseva. From the book “The Second Oldest,

or How to become a feather shark."

Sequence of work. Where to begin?

To begin with you choose a person who will become the main character of your portrait sketch
Whoever it is (your neighbor, friend, teacher, relative) you need to clearly understand what you will have to describe his personality, subtleties of character and details of behavior
To add color and artistry to your portrait sketch, describe external features of a person. Maybe your hero’s appearance is closely intertwined or, on the contrary, completely opposite to his inner essence. This is an essential part of your text.
Write, What attracts or repels you to this person?, What unique in his character, and what typical .
Write down (if possible) his attitude towards the world, to specific things.
The main thing is to explain why does he act this way and not otherwise? Maybe this is due to his education or environment .
Ensure artistic means expressiveness and go ahead! You should definitely succeed!

Essay evaluation criteria

1. Is there an attractive, unique title that conveys the main idea of the essay? ( TITLE)

2. Does the essay have a unique idea - a main paragraph containing the main idea of the work? (IDEA)

3. Is the image of the hero fully presented? (STUDY)

4. Is the sphere of the main interests of the hero shown, where he realizes the meaning of his life? ( LIFE'S MATTER)

5. Is there a sensational unique information about the hero and his activities? ( NON-STANDARD)

6. Is there a clear composition, a logical sequence of paragraphs ? (LOGICS)

Homework.

Ex. 163 or ex. 165 .

(in the form of a portrait sketch)

At least 100 words.

SOURCES

www.durov.com/study/otvety-1519.doc

http://www.argo-shop.com.ua/article-7959.html

http://www.gordon.com.ua/books/heroes/amosov/

http://www.wikipaintings.org/ru/boris-kustodiev/self-portrait-1904-1

http://900igr.net/ photografii / literature / Urok-Tvardovskij-Tjorkin / ‎

http://all-drawings.livejournal.com/247039.html

The subject of this essay is personality. The essence of this type of publication is to give the audience a certain idea about the hero of the speech. When solving this problem, a journalist, as a rule, first of all strives to reveal the most important thing - to show what values this hero serves, what he sees as the meaning of his existence 28 . For this is an extremely important moment in the life of every person.

Knowledge of the “meanings of life” served by the heroes of publications is necessary for the readership in order to compare their goals with the goals of other people, which to a certain extent helps them navigate this world and, possibly, adjust their actions, lifestyle, etc. However, a simple message from the author that some Dmitry Mikhailovich professes such and such values and ideals would hardly be of real interest to the audience. It is much more interesting and often more important and necessary for her to know - how he defends these values, what difficulties he overcomes while fighting for them? The description of this struggle, actions, deeds is precisely what is called showing or revealing the character of the hero.

Although a talented essayist can find something interesting in such a situation. He may, for example, effectively use the method of convention or resort to associations (i.e., include suitable interesting material from his past experience), etc. and so on. Unfortunately, quite often authors trying to write a portrait sketch find nothing better than to present the reader with a series of descriptions of the hero’s ordinary actions strung together with some kind of connecting thought. And sometimes a journalist does it even simpler - he briefly retells the biography of his hero. Of course, all this gives a certain idea about the person who interested the author, but such a publication cannot always be called a portrait sketch.

This portrait sketch arises as a result of an artistic analysis of the hero’s personality, based on the study of its various aspects (moral, intellectual, creative, etc.), i.e. as a result of revealing the character of the hero. An example is portrait sketches of M. Gorky. Finding a full-fledged portrait essay on the pages of the modern Russian press is quite difficult.

Most portraits famous people- entrepreneurs, economists, bankers, politicians and other figures most often arise as a result of a relatively brief summary of their biographies or descriptions of their careers and some business characteristics.

From the publication “Space Woman”

(Business people. June. 1999)

When I was a little older than my daughter is now, I was not accepted into the Moscow Aero Club,” says Svetlana Omelchenko, the only woman applicant for space flight as a journalist. Several months ago, by decision of the Chief Medical Commission, she began special training at the Cosmonaut Training Center. Five male journalists are also going into space. Svetlana has been working as a correspondent for the newspaper “Air Transport” for ten years.

“I’ve always been partial to aviation,” she says. - Back in school, in traditional essays like “Who should I be?” wrote: only as a pilot. Alas, due to slight myopia, I was not even accepted into the flying club.

But there was another hope - journalism: her father worked in the editorial office, and after his death the editorial office took care of her daughter for a long time.

Her life was not easy. Guardianship is guardianship, but I had to pave the way myself. First, a large circulation at Vnukovo Airport, then secretary at the newly created newspaper Air Transport. I had to prove again that I could write. How did she manage to become a contender for space flight?

Everything happened somehow by itself. I applied, but didn’t have much hope. The telephone message about the flight to the cosmodrome for the second round of the competition surprised me more than pleased me. I thought for a long time about whether to go or not to go. I flew to the cosmodrome because I hoped there to get answers to questions that had long interested me related to the problem of flight safety.

When the second round of the creative competition was left behind, sports passion suddenly flared up in Svetlana. Then I realized that I would go to the end. They say that before the medical examination, some of the journalists who reached the finals took time off to improve their health, “sat down” special diet. In this regard, it is interesting to know that Svetlana did not prepare for the medical commission at all.

I had no time for medical tests. I wrote articles, rushed around shopping, since I had a schoolgirl daughter at home. As luck would have it, the refrigerator broke down. So, while in the centrifuge and in the pressure chamber, I was thinking about one thing: did my child eat or not...

I ask why, in her opinion, they take a journalist into space.

You see, all this time, about thirty years, only “technicians” flew. And if you look at all this through the eyes of a humanitarian? In space, a journalist will do only his main job - writing. It is also planned to act as a presenter in a seven-day telethon, in which people from different countries will take part. He will publish the “Wanderings Newspaper” and shoot a film about the flight.

By the way, the daughter was not particularly enthusiastic about the fact that her mother had become a real contender for the flight. Now I have given in. Either she realized what it meant for a mother to fly into space, or she simply resigned herself.

If the choice falls on you, what hairstyle will you fly with? Perhaps fashionistas all over the world will rush to make one for themselves?

We will have to disappoint them, complying with flight safety requirements; the hair will have to be carefully “packed” into the helmet of the spacesuit.

When the conversation ended, I cautiously noted that after the flight, the journalist-cosmonaut would, presumably, not only become famous, but also improve his financial situation.

No,” said Svetlana, “the applicants for the flight clearly decided that all income from the flight, including personal income, would be transferred to the Children’s Fund.

Publications like the one described above are exclusively characteristic of modern Russian periodicals. They lie on the border of artistic-journalistic and analytical (or even informational) genres and resemble correspondence, the subject of which is a person, rather than an essay.

It is hardly possible to create a good portrait sketch without addressing the spiritual and moral side of the hero’s personality. Although, it should be noted that the meaning of a portrait for a specific audience may lie, say, not in the high moral qualities of the hero, but in his originality and unusualness. This is what can initially attract the readership, and then, perhaps, its attention will switch to the moral side of the person portrayed.

An artistic analysis of the qualities of a hero can lead the author-artist to slightly different conclusions than an analysis, say, from the perspective of his political, business, and intellectual characteristics. The author-artist and the author-thinker seem to enter into polemics with each other. The artistic method helps the author to make his image more typical, to clear it of everything random, superficial, superficial, and makes it possible to identify the deep, spiritual principles of the personality, which will not always coincide with the tasks of political, business, professional, economic or some other analysis.

The difference in the conclusions that follow from artistic analysis and from analysis of another type (for example, professional) acts as a difference that exists between the goals of moral-aesthetic and other (the same professional) development of people and society. At times this difference can reach the point of conflict. And in this case, the author of the publication can resolve this conflict by “forceful” means, subordinating, for example, artistic analysis to political goals. In this case, he can specifically “emphasize” some characteristics of his hero in order to use them to convince the audience, say, of the morality of his political conclusion.

This kind of “violence” can be easily observed during election campaigns, when the most relevant objects of artistic analysis in journalistic publications are candidates for some high office. As you know, the general population often does not know the programs of political organizations participating in elections, their ideology, but they may have some idea about the leaders of these organizations. That is why the media's attention is primarily focused on the leaders.

She begins to actively conduct a political analysis of their personalities. In the course of it, the media can distort the real essence of a particular figure in the direction of “negative” or “positive”, using artistic means for this. Thus, during the 1996 elections, Lebed’s courage, honesty, Zyuganov’s intelligence, and Yeltsin’s strong character “stood out.” These same candidates were “sticking” images: B. Yeltsin - “the only person capable of resisting communism”, Zyuganov - “a man of yesterday”, Lebed - “a man with a face made of granite, barking with the voice of a sergeant”, “a professional terminator for whom Pinochet is an ideal,” etc.

Naturally, objective journalism should avoid distortion as far as possible. Its task is to strive for the reliability of its conclusions, including the reliability of what is asserted through artistic means. But in practice, such a desire is not always possible to observe.

An essay is an artistic and journalistic genre that combines logical-rational and emotional-imaginative ways of reflecting reality to address certain aspects of the concept of a person or social life. This is the scientific definition of the genre. What does it mean?

First of all, the essayist artistically embodies real historical persons and events in words, forming an opinion about them based on a systematic study of the object. Judgment is achieved through analysis, and the conclusion and conclusion are its logical conclusion.

In short, the essay is both a documentary-scientific understanding of reality and an aesthetic exploration of the world. It is no coincidence that an essay is compared with works of art and even with painting, emphasizing: if a story is a pictorial picture, then an essay is a graphic drawing or a sketch for a painting. It seems to be on the verge between a document and a generalized artistic image. If historians today had no other sources other than essay literature, then even in this case they would be able to correctly imagine past life: the Russian essay contains a huge amount of artistic and educational material, reflecting many important moments in the country’s development over a number of decades.

After all, the essay has been known in the history of Russian journalism since the end of the 18th century. And it was distinguished not only by its breadth of coverage and thematic diversity, but also by its presentation of exciting, pressing problems of our time. That's why educational value Russian essay literature is inseparable from its active role in the history of the liberation movement. Throughout its history - from its appearance to modern development- the essay sought to acquaint the reader with new, emerging forms of life and its daily course, to awaken public opinion and to form an understanding of the right to put forward and defend advanced thoughts, combining an objective assessment of reality with subjective opinion, comparisons and parallels between them. Only when a publicist shows himself as a competent researcher and subtle analyst can he convince the reader of the correctness of his assessments and judgments.

The essay appeared in Russian journalism thanks to V.G. Korolenko, A.P. Chekhov, G.I. Uspensky and others.

In Soviet journalism, the concept of essay is associated with such names as A.M. Gorky, M.E. Koltsov, B.N. Polevoy, K.M. Simonov, A.A. Beck, A.A. Agranovsky, V.V. Ovechkin, G.N. Bocharov, etc.

Today, the essay is considered the “king” of artistic and journalistic genres, but from the point of view of preparing it, it is one of the most labor-intensive. And this is true, since a journalist can write a good essay only if he is confident in various methods of depicting reality.

The essay merges two directions of methods - visual-figurative and analytical - a kind of fusion of reporting and analytics.

Explanatory Dictionary by S.I. Ozhegova gives a twofold understanding of this word:

Feature article 1. A short literary work, a brief description

Life facts

2. General presentation of some. question.

Essayist- is a writer, journalist, writing essays.

From this definition we see that S.I. Ozhegov divides the concept of an essay into two subtypes, and in modern journalism, as we have already said, these interpretations are mixed.

But there is another point of view this issue about the system and essence of this genre, L.I. Kroychik believes that the genre nature of the essay is determined by the syncretic combination of three principles - sociological (scientific), journalistic and artistic.

Sociological the beginning of the essay is expressed in its focus on research public relations and problems under consideration social aspects activity of the individual, in the author’s desire not to arbitrarily select individually unique characters, but to identify the objective reasons that gave rise to certain social characters and situations. An essay is an analytically based figurative picture of reality: the system of evidence in it is based on the development of a conflict, on the interaction of characters, on the special nature of the narrative, which includes both a description of actions characters, as well as the author’s reasoning.

Journalistic the beginning of the essay is manifested in its reliance on fact. In a documentary essay, real events are the starting point for the development of the plot. The author groups facts in such a way that they give vitality to a socially significant character. In a fictionalized essay, the situation looks as generalized as possible, the boundaries of fact are blurred: the place real events and people are occupied by the action created by the fantasy of the publicist. It should be noted that the once popular fictionalized essay (remember V. Ovechkin, E. Dorosh, G. Radov) has almost completely disappeared from everyday media practice. But in a documentary essay (as, indeed, in a feuilleton), speculation plays a significant role. Speculation is a necessary element of a publicist’s creativity. Strictly speaking, it is also possible in other genres, where, out of necessity, the author is engaged in the reconstruction of a fact or situation (the journalist was not an eyewitness to the event, but considers it necessary to restore it in the text as it actually happened). In an essay (and feuilleton) text, the figurative transformation of reality inevitably leads to its conjecture. It reveals itself in the introduction of conceptual time and space, in special ways of developing conflict, the use of significant details and remarks of characters, etc.

The journalistic principle is also manifested in the author’s desire to present facts in their social context, to maximally actualize the problem being raised, to express his attitude towards it, relying on a system of artistic and journalistic images. In an essay text, the idea is concentrated in a system of images - both specific persons, exponents and bearers of the idea, and in a system of image-concepts. This is exactly how A. Agranovsky, in particular, worked, creating the essays “Vastlands”, “Fairings”, “Masters”. The exposure of thought in an essay is an aesthetic law that determines the specifics of journalistic imagery, which is based on inviting the reader to co-think.

Artistic beginning is determined by the desire of the publicist to create a reliable and convincing picture of reality with the help of imaginative thinking, in which pictures, situations, phenomena and characters are socially typified. In an essay (and in a feuilleton too) two types of typification are possible - collective and selective. In the first case in fictional character(events) signs are indicated certain type social behavior, character or phenomenon. In the second, in a real, single character or action, the traits and properties belonging to a given type of people or events are revealed. But in both cases, facts and situations are transformed into a system of artistic and journalistic images.

A modern essay is most often characterized by documentary richness, often to the detriment of artistry. This is obviously due to the fact that the source material, i.e. the actual events reported by the essayist are often so dramatic, their plots are so unpredictable, the revealed secrets are so tempting and sensational that they themselves are capable of attracting the reader’s attention and being perceived by him at the level of information drawn from the most interesting works of art. In this case, the need for intensive artistic processing of the original information often becomes unnecessary.

As for the types of essays, there is a wide variety of them, for example D.V. Tumanov distinguishes problem, portrait and travel sketches.

And Kim M.N. - physiological, who began his march from “Physiology of St. Petersburg”. The main feature of the physiological essay is its acute social orientation.

Portrait sketch, in the center of which is an individual or a group of individuals, the character of a person.

Judicial essay. Characteristic feature This type of essay is a reconstruction of the crime committed by a specific person or group of persons. Judicial essays do not give a legal assessment of the crime (this is the prerogative of the court), but a moral assessment. The task of a journalist is to help people understand the phenomenon of human evil, and most importantly, to show the conditions and circumstances that led a person to commit a crime. The main substantive elements of a judicial essay include an outline of the moral character of the criminal and an analysis of the motives for the crime. It can consider various author's versions in explaining the elements of the crime, details and particulars of the criminal act, witness testimony, etc. All this multifaceted material is united in the judicial essay by the author's intention and idea of the work.

Essay-investigation. This type of essay is aimed at exploring the hidden sides of various phenomena of reality and human activity. The investigative essay uses sociological methods to collect primary information, which involves developing the goals and objectives of the study, putting forward various hypotheses and versions, checking source data, etc. Journalistic investigation, as defined by American scientists, is based, as a rule, on own work and initiative journalistic material on important topic that individuals or organizations would like to keep secret. Journalistic investigation requires the writer to have certain qualifications not only in collecting primary information. Unlike an analyst, who, having developed a particular topic, gives a detailed description of the phenomenon he has discovered, an essayist, in addition to this, needs to create a certain image of a person.

Problem essay. This type of essay is aimed at revealing complex and contradictory human relationships. The central place here is occupied by a problematic or conflict situation. The essay can examine the most diverse conflicts: interpersonal, intergroup, industrial, moral, etc. Any conflict is dramatic in nature. It encourages a person to act, to make important decisions, which ultimately allows him to outline the character of the hero or his action. An essayist can analyze conflict situation, starting from its inception and ending with its resolution; concentrate attention on a person’s self-analysis of his own actions, or, conversely, show the different positions of the conflicting parties, consistently explaining the essence of the events taking place; reveal the motivational and personal factors that encourage a person to confront ideological opponents, etc. In all these cases, his primary task is to show the essence of the individual goals of the hero of the work, to substantiate the motives of his behavior, to identify opposing and mutually exclusive tendencies in the development of the event, and most importantly, to outline the subjective and objective prerequisites for the conflict. Subjective prerequisites include the characterological characteristics of the individual: stable qualities, character traits that predispose a person to clash with others.

3. Features of a portrait sketch

The term “portrait,” originally meaning “description of a person’s appearance,” has over time transformed into a more comprehensive concept. In journalistic work, it began to denote not only the external, but also the internal characteristics of a person - everything that is connected with. spiritual life of the individual. Therefore, the objects of display in a portrait sketch can be: social relations a person with his immediate environment (sociological aspect), and internal psychological processes events occurring in the life of an individual. Sociological analysis of personality, supplemented by psychological analysis, has certainly expanded the possibilities of a portrait sketch in terms of a holistic image of a person.

A portrait essay is a compressed story about someone's life. It is not easy to write, and it is also not easy to understand another person in a few hours of communication. The famous journalist Yuri Rost said about this: “I try to feel my interlocutor. I ask him what he regrets most in life, what he is proud of. My interest is sincere, and it helps me create, first within myself, and then on paper, the image of my hero.”

There is a question: can an essay be written about every person?

A portrait sketch develops a certain aspect of the concept of a person, reveals the inner world of the hero, the socio-psychological motivation of his actions, the individual and typical in character. The essayist is looking in real life such a person who would embody the main typical features of his social environment and at the same time be distinguished by the originality of character traits and originality of thought (as D.V. Tumanov believes). And only then he creates not a photographic image, but an artistic and journalistic reflection of an individual image.

This is not a simple biographical note. A person's life cannot be revealed in its moral beauty, in her wealth creative expression, replacing the story about her with a statement of personal data or a description of the hero’s labor technology.

In a successful portrait sketch, the character of the hero is given, as a rule, in a non-trivial situation. Therefore, it is very important for the author to discover such a “section” in the hero’s life path, which contains some extraordinary difficulties and has a dramatic character. It is here that one can discover specific manifestations of the hero’s character, his talent, perseverance, hard work and other qualities that are significant from the point of view of achieving the goal. In the case where such a “site” cannot be found, it is more difficult for the author to count on creating interesting material. This is what researcher A.A. believes. Tertychny. The writer and journalist Konstantin Paustovsky has a different opinion about whether a portrait sketch can be written about every person. “To write a good sketch, you must have the ability to discover in the human heart something that may have long been forgotten, drowned in the hustle and bustle of daily worries. A good essay makes readers remember who they are at their core, what they want, what they dream of.

A natural question is: is it possible to write an essay about every person? Yes. The main thing is to be able to find some kind of “zest” in your interlocutor, emphasize the peculiarity of his profession or hobby, and talk about his unusual views. In a word, create a living image that will not leave the reader indifferent. Remember that a portrait sketch should not look like summary biographies. This essay arises as a result of an artistic analysis of the hero’s personality and is similar to a short story or short story.

The main purpose of the essay is to introduce readers to the person. Before you start writing an essay, you should have a conversation with this person, talk with people who know him. A portrait sketch is a story about a person (or a group of people); you should not limit yourself to just listing facts from his (their) life, interests and successes, or just an interview with him (them).

For a portrait sketch to take up an entire newspaper page, you need a personality that would be very significant. After all, a journalist outlines a portrait of his hero only in detail, with strokes. However, the essayist is unlikely to fit it into less than 300-400 lines: the relative laconicism of the genre is combined here with journalistic development actual problem, analysis of the hero's psychology.

We have figured out how to write a portrait sketch, now we will consider the types of portrait sketch and more detailed characteristics in this regard.

Journalists pay attention to the most important milestones in the fate of the hero (this means biographical information), to his spiritual quest, life experience, and finally, to the characteristics of his professional activity. Concrete human life represents a multi-level formation, so the author faces the ultimate task of showing the hero not just as a bearer of certain social roles or functions, but in close relationship with socio-political, economic and socio-psychological processes in society. Such concepts as environment and circumstances, upbringing, character, etc. are taken into account, the influence of which on a person’s life is of exceptional importance. But, you must agree that it is impossible to show all the “multi-story depth” of human nature in an essay due to its small volume. The versatility in the depiction of a person determined the diversity of the portrait sketch. Among them are: biographical portrait sketch, portrait-problem, psychological and political portrait. Each type of portrait sketch has specific tasks, its own forms of journalistic biography, specific possibilities in showing the hero of the work, methods of psychological and social characterization, typification of human natures, and finally, techniques compositional construction works. Let's consider what underlies this or that type of portrait sketch.

Biographical portrait sketch. Here leading place occupies a biography. By turning to it, a journalist can obtain varied information about the most significant stages of a person’s life, about his life experience, about changes in social status, about life priorities and goals, etc. Through this subjective material, the life story of one person is ultimately recreated. So that it does not resemble a detailed biographical information, journalists try to select the most typical and characteristic facts for the hero of the work, revealing the internal dynamics of a person’s spiritual growth, his moral quest, social orientations and relationships with the outside world. In addition, the essay shows the relationship between the individual history of a person’s life and the history of society, correlates the social experience of an individual with the experience of his generation, identifies specific features the individual life of the hero.

Using biographical information, the essayist can describe the complex processes of socialization of an individual in a changing world, explain the nature of a person’s psychological and social behavior, talk about the genealogy of the hero, reconstruct certain historical events and so on. Here, as we see, the connection between biography as a subjective construction and biography as social reality is clearly visible. When a biographical portrait is created in this relationship, it tends to arouse the greatest interest, prompting readers to co-think.

Anniversary portrait sketch. The reason for writing such a work is the celebration of the anniversary of a famous figure of culture, art, literature, science, etc. In this case, it is important to show the positive contribution that a person has made to the life of society. To ensure that the essay does not turn out “ceremonial”, special skill is required from the publicist. The anniversary should only be an occasion to reflect on the fate of a person. The main thing a publicist should concentrate on is the spiritual quest of the individual.

As practice shows, essays about writers, cultural figures, artists and scientists are especially popular among readers. And this is understandable. About people creative professions It is always interesting to read because their life represents a constant creative search. But in this case, the interest for readers is not the analysis of artistic, art history or scientific works, but the personality of the creator, his individual portrait. The range of depicting a hero can be the widest, starting from the characteristics of his artistic or scientific activity and ending with information about creative ideas and biographical facts. In an anniversary portrait sketch, we can talk about both the hero’s already established worldview and his new creative aspirations and plans. Essayists in works of this kind, as a rule, focus on various aspects of human creative activity and reveal the most significant moments spiritual formation individuals evaluate it creative path finally, they consider human works in the context of the spiritual life of society.

The aesthetic objectives of an essay, even an anniversary one, do not include an ordinary retelling of a person’s fate. The bar is much higher here. To tell people something new about a well-known personality, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with archival materials, correspondence, testimonies of contemporaries, etc. All this will allow the essayist to comprehend in a new and unconventional way the fate of a person, his affairs, actions and accomplishments, and most importantly - to identify various manifestations human soul.

Now let's look at the artistic elements of a portrait sketch, which help to most fully create the image of the hero.

Scenery. Availability of deployed landscape sketches in portrait sketches the exception is rather than the rule. After all, the attention of the essayist in to a greater extent aimed at biographical aspects of a person’s life, at revealing his character, at showing his spiritual characteristics, etc. Therefore, landscape components, if present in the work, usually act as a background characterizing the scene of action. The introduction of landscape elements into a portrait sketch is necessary only in cases where, without these expressive means, it is impossible to convey the atmosphere of what is happening, to penetrate into the essence of the human worldview, to find out a person’s attitude to the world around him, etc. In this case, the landscape becomes a meaning-forming element.

In portrait sketches, landscape is used:

As a contrasting comparison between the internal state of the hero and the nature surrounding him;

As a means of revealing human character;

As a background for a hero's portrait;

As a technique in revealing the hero’s ideological positions, etc.

Detail. The detail also serves as an effective means of typifying sketch images. In order for a detail to take its rightful place in a work, to become a “key” detail, to contribute to the creation of an artistic image, the characterization of characters and the artistic and aesthetic understanding of reality, the journalist must master various methods of playing with the detail.

Techniques for playing up details in an essay can be very diverse. In some cases, details are used to figuratively interpret certain events, in others - to create symbolic image, thirdly - for associative connections, fourthly - to convey the characteristics of external and internal human manifestations.

Portrait characteristics. A portrait in journalism often acts as a kind of analogue of the hero’s character. It makes it possible to clearly, visibly see the hero and in this regard it stimulates the reader’s imagination. Its other function is to help, by highlighting some external details, to look into the world of a person’s soul, into the world of his emotions and feelings. Portrait characteristics are directly related to psychological characteristics personality. Indeed, a person’s appearance, his manner of dressing, habitual postures, gestures, facial expressions, etc. With a careful look, they can tell a lot about a person. The main requirement for any portrait characteristic is documentary accuracy of the display. In this case, the essayist does not have the right to invent something in describing a person’s appearance, but one should not refuse to show the typical. It is the combination of strict documentaryism and artistic generalization that gives rise to a full-fledged sketch image.

IN portrait characteristics journalists actively use achievements modern psychology. For example, having found out what psychological type a particular person belongs to: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric or melancholic, they can determine how certain qualities are manifested in the appearance and behavior of the individual. Like this, based on certain psychological characteristics, a portrait of a person is recreated. Various portrait touches are also used in describing the appearance. They are necessary when a journalist needs to emphasize any psychological state of the hero, his usual gestures and facial reactions, and finally, his manner of dressing and interacting with people.

Artistic means of depiction are necessary not only for depiction external environment, but also the internal state of a person. In modern journalism, psychological principles are strengthened in showing the spiritual world of the individual.

The essay is a genre that most clearly demonstrates journalisticism in media texts. Here there is the education of morality, culture, not dry facts. In addition, the essay, in addition to its constant information function (which we will not talk about for now), had an additional social function- award. Publishing an essay about a person was equivalent to placing his portrait on an honor board; it was an award of fame. And readers are accustomed to the fact that the essay provides an example to follow.

Resources artistic journalism: a) the image as an emotionally enlightened thought actively influences the audience, encouraging it to active cooperation; b) the image as a generalized picture of reality significantly expands the possibilities of semantic comprehension of reality; c) the image as a system of signs, as a certain code, creating a certain model of the surrounding world, intellectually enriches the audience with ideas about the aesthetic possibilities of reproducing reality. The artistry of journalism is embodied both in the holistic image of a person and the thesis image (image-concept), and in “speaking” details - a substantive description of nature, replicas of characters, details of reproduced situations.

The fantasy element in an essay (and in a feuilleton) does not contradict the working characteristic of a journalistic text - its focus on a specific result, designed to influence the audience.

The last point raises questions - where are the boundaries of what is permitted, can fantasy be combined with reliability, objectivity, or is it better not to take risks? We will try to consider this using the example of the Biography magazine.

What it is?

Such a concept as a portrait essay is a special type of journalistic genre, the peculiarity of which is the description of the person’s personality, external features, outlook on life, type of activity, character traits. In addition, an outside opinion is expressed. In a portrait sketch (examples are essays written at school) one can see similarities with a description of a person’s biographical activity. But there are distinctive features. When describing a biography, they mainly concern the topics of a person’s activities and occupations, but, for example, a lively, detailed description of appearance or character traits and the attitude of other people towards him is omitted. The essay is also somewhat reminiscent of a story. An essay on the topic of a portrait sketch can reveal the inner world to the reader, convey general mood narratives. Thus, in a brief and concise form, an explanation and description of such a concept as a portrait sketch was provided. The next point in the story will be a kind of story on how to write a portrait sketch. So let's continue.

Portrait sketch of a friend

In this section we will give an example of a portrait sketch and break it into parts. As an example, let us present to your attention a sample of writing a portrait sketch. Here it should be noted that the narrative also has similarities with the story: “Her name was Lena, but she loved us to call her Alena. Due to circumstances, we now live in different cities, or, more to say, in different countries, but this fact does not prevent me from remembering it with tenderness and gratitude, because the best time of a person’s life, such as childhood, largely depends on his friends. I was lucky to have such a friend. So, her name was Alena. Her older sister introduced us. One day when I was at home the phone rang front door, Irina stood on the threshold, holding her younger sister’s hand. “Get to know each other, girls, I hope you become friends,” she said. And we became friends. Alena was a tall, strong and fearless girl, she especially stood out with the expression of her green eyes. So daring and big eyes nature gifted her. Her movements were impetuous, she could hardly restrain herself, as if an inexhaustible flow of energy filled her completely. Her bangs constantly got in her way, and you could see how she often pinned them up with an invisible bobby pin, but she did it hastily, which is why she often looked ridiculous, which, however, did not bother her at all.” In this part of the proposed example, pay attention to the details of the description of the girl’s appearance, to the transmission of character traits, which results in a “living” image.

As can be seen from the above example of a portrait sketch, the description of funny incidents also reflects the essence and character of the chosen character. All these points take place to be given in the essay.

Comes from childhood

The influence of friendship

Each of us needs friends, every person values friendship and friendly relations. This is help, support, devotion and interest in each other, spending time together. You can ask a friend for help in difficult times. I would like to wish you, reader, to look around your life and try to write your own portrait essay, an example of which is presented in this material.

Conclusion

In conclusion, summing up what has been said, I would once again like to note the peculiarity of writing a portrait sketch. This inner world person. Also in a portrait sketch you need to show your attitude towards the character you are describing. This can be not only a portrait sketch of a friend, but also a father, mother, teacher, sister.

Portrait sketch. Issue No. 1

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My classmate - Tonya

There is a cute girl named Tonya in my class. She has sad gray-blue eyes, light brown silky hair and a kind smile. Tonya usually dresses in classic style, and it suits her very well. Her gait is airy and feminine. My classmate is very sympathetic, always ready to lend a helping hand to a friend, and will never leave her in trouble.

Tonya sets goals for herself and does everything to achieve them. In the future, Antonina wants to go to medical university to become a pharmacist. She attends chemistry courses and studies biology, so she has every chance to follow the path that she has already determined for herself.

Tonya is a very open, trusting and sincere person. It’s easy to communicate with her, because she will always support the conversation and tell you something interesting. At first glance, you might think that she is an introverted and sad girl, but in fact she is a very positive and cheerful person.

Despite the fact that Tonya’s zodiac sign is Leo, and, as you know, lions are very powerful, narcissistic and arrogant, I cannot attribute this characteristic to my classmate, because Tonya is not as emotional and persistent as representatives of this zodiac sign. Tonya is a person with capital letters, she is a very honest, noble and sensitive girl.

I have known Tonya for only six months, but during this time I have already managed to become friends with her. And even though we don’t communicate with her as often as we would like, I am incredibly happy that I study in the same class with a wonderful girl named Tonya.

Godzyur Victoria

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Cool - classroom teacher!

In this essay we will talk about my class teacher, Svetlana Anatolyevna Smolenskaya. She took charge of our class in September 2015. She has 20 years of teaching experience, 5 of them at our school.

Svetlana Anatolyevna was born and raised in Ukraine, then graduated from the State pedagogical institute in the city of Tobolsk.

Both of her parents work in the oil industry. Why didn't she follow in their footsteps? According to her, she loves children very much, and teaching them is a pleasure for her. She was invited to work at her first school by Elena Aleksandrovna Guliyeva, at the moment they are best friends.

Svetlana Anatolyevna has a very memorable appearance: tall, of medium build, with short hair that is always styled, brown eyes.

She is open to people, also sensitive and vulnerable. Her character is lively; she calls herself a “mass entertainer.” She even has a tradition: every year she and her class go on a hike and have a picnic.

Finally, I want to admit that she is the coolest class teacher I have ever been under!

Kravtsova Elizaveta

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Energy and optimism

It's been five years nowhow I know this person. Of all the teachers, she is the closest to me. At first glance, this is a typical teacher who does not stand out from the general mass of teachers. High growth, pleasant facial features, dark hair and brown-green eyes. But she occupies a special place in my life. This is my class teacher - Svetlana Anatolyevna Smolenskaya.

She usually looks tired, but sometimes there is a bright light in her eyes. Svetlana Anatolyevna always strives for something new, but she does not always succeed, because she is lazy. She never misses the opportunity to listen to interesting lectures and seminars, as well as learn something new. Students are drawn to her, not because she is our class teacher, but because she has a lot of positive energy, which she shares with people.

By nature, she is a strong, very optimistic and cheerful woman. But at the same time, she is a little childishly naive, emotional, and also touchy. The combination of these qualities helps her better understand her students. You can trust her in any situation, knowing that she will always listen, give advice, and help in difficult situations.

Of course, she is not always like this. Svetlana Anatolyevna can sometimes be angry, tired, or simply not in the mood, and then it is very difficult to approach her.

Our teacher's favorite activities are eating, sleeping, and reading books. I think there are a lot of people who are like her in this way.

Svetlana Anatolyevna is a very good class teacher. For five years, she organized various events and helped us. She helped us fall in love with our class, which for some reason the teachers were unhappy with. We always enjoyed spending time with our class and our homeroom teacher.

Nabieva Zamina

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My girlfriend

my close friend name is Diana. Our names are similar, just like ourselves. We have been in the same class since the very first day of school, but before our friendship was not the same as it is now.

She's taller than me, thin. She has big brown eyes and long eyelashes. She never stands still and does not like to sit at home. She always wants to go for a walk or do something to keep herself busy. At the lesson physical culture you can notice it by the loud scream and dull sound after it. This means she fell. But don't be afraid! There's nothing wrong with her, just a little clumsy girl. But for some reason it looks pretty cute.

Diana tried herself in different directions activities, but still settled on playing the guitar and taking photographs. She was encouraged to become interested in playing the guitar by friends with whom she formed a musical group. After a year and a half of its existence, the girls decided that it was time to end the group, but Diana continues to study on her own.

And she discovered her passion for photography herself. As Diana herself says, she simply became interested in capturing every interesting point in her life. To better understand this, she goes to the film studio that is in our school. There they teach you how to frame a shot correctly and how to operate a camera. “My family has a positive attitude towards this and creates all the conditions for me to pursue any hobbies,” says Diana. And it’s wonderful when your family supports you in all your endeavors!

Diana speaks about 10th grade from a realist point of view. For her, this is another step towards adult life, to independence. On the other hand, the workload is very heavy, especially when you study in a specialized class. Yes, Diana studies in a physics and mathematics class.

Previously, she was very shy, but over time, and perhaps her new friends influenced her, Diana became more open and sociable. When asked what made her change, the girl answers: “There was no such situation. There are just moments when you reconsider your views on life, your life positions“What comes first for you and what doesn’t matter at all.”

I hope that her signature smile, like a Cheshire cat, will always be with her! I wish her success in everything, and especially with her homework in physics and mathematics.

And now, you have learned a little more about your classmate. Listen... Perhaps now she is laughing at the end of the school corridor.

Liana Nasibulina.

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The man who contributed his brain to the school system

The person we are going to talk about today is in the same class with me. Her name is Nastya. In our class, she is very easy to recognize, since she always goes out with her best friend, whose name is Lisa. Together they are like a time bomb because you never know what they might do. But when Lisa doesn’t come to school, Nastya behaves more calmly and adequately. Really smart.

She shows versatility in her life. She enjoys knitting, drawing, embroidery and beadwork. He also plays the guitar a little.

Her birthday is in the spring. Therefore, as a gift, her parents gave her a parachute jump. She dreamed about this for a very long time, and finally her dream came true.

Her appearance is slightly atypical. Thick and curly hair, which used to be long, but now slightly cover the neck, deep green eyes that shimmer in the sun, and a slender figure.

By nature, she is a cheerful, sweet, cheerful and energetic girl. She always comes to the aid of her friends, achieves her goals, and can always give valuable advice. That is why she has many friends, but among them there are special ones, those with whom she can be frank. But she also has negative qualities. Such as straightforwardness, stubbornness. Because of this, some people consider her arrogant. But that's not true.

Things happen in her life turning points, which she is not used to sharing. Therefore, in such situations, she withdraws into herself and tries to hide everything.

Happened to her one day funny story. In ninth grade we studied the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". She didn’t finish reading it a little, and her classmate, having learned about it, decided to take advantage of this to make fun of her. He told her that Olga was in a duel with Onegin, Lensky thus decided to order the death of Olga and then, after her death, Lensky would get all her money, and he would share it with Onegin. Nastya, having heard this, raised her hand and told everything to the teacher, thinking that her classmate had told her the correct content of the novel. When they heard this in class, everyone started laughing, including Veronika Konstantinovna. Meanwhile, Nastya sat and blushed with shame.

In this story, she showed her boundless trust and naivety.

Based on personal communication with her, I can say that she evokes only positive emotions in me. But I confirm that this person plays the main thing in my life, but no less significant role, because thanks to people like Nastya, I form an opinion about the surrounding society and accumulate experience in communicating with peers.

Osheva Antonina

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My friend
My true friend M*** is very similar to me in character in many ways. Perhaps that is why we have been friends for so long. Although it may be that we are friends thanks to our rare arguments, because it would be boring if we agreed with each other on everything, it would simply get boring.
M*** is a guy of average height with curly brown hair, an unmemorable face that looks a little like mine (we are often confused). He is a little timid in unfamiliar companies, but after some time has passed, he boldly conducts conversations on any topic imaginable and knows a lot of stories for all occasions. I think it’s just his special character trait - to tell interesting stories from life and thereby not let you get bored.
M*** and I met thanks to our mutual friend, who invited us to watch the film. Besides us, there were other guys in his apartment. Some we knew, some we didn't. Our communication began with the fact that everyone who was with us at our mutual friend’s fell asleep, and we finished watching this comedy together.

Later it turned out that M*** is interested in many things that I am also interested in. Day after day, week after week - we became friends, and are still friends to this day with this kind man.

Tavbulaev Ramazan

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She is a cog in a big mechanism.

This woman is a loving and sincere person. People like her save their emotions for those who are truly dear to them. It takes a long time to get to know this person well. She is easily vulnerable and impressionable. People who need mutual understanding come to her. She always remains herself and easily tells the truth to people, which is why many consider her arrogant.

Elena Alexandrovna graduated from Donetsk State University in 1990. She came to our school as a young specialist. Her first class turned out to be athletic and consisted of 30 boys.

Her office was then on the first floor. It was a cold winter day. She goes to her guys’ office, walks in and sees a broken flower pot. She begins to figure it out, trying to find out who committed this act. Everyone is silent, no one confesses. But suddenly the teacher saw that the guys were pointing their fingers at Alyosha. She decided to approach him. Noticing this, Lesha was not taken aback, he jumped up and jumped out the window. Everyone ran to the window and looked for the boy in the snowdrift. But he was no longer there.

The lessons went one after another, but still no student. After lessons, an elderly man came to Elena Alexandrovna Gulieva, and Alexey stood behind him. He apologized for his son and handed her a flower pot. She remembered this incident all her life.

Elena Alexandrovna grew up in such a family that she didn’t even have to think much about her future profession, since her parents worked at school: her mother was a mathematics teacher, and her father was a history teacher.

In this profession, she sees only advantages; if a person finds disadvantages in his work, then this is not his place.

Elena Alexandrovna expresses all her thoughts and feelings through prose and poetry, which she writes in her free time from work, and she also has very tasty borscht and pies.

She values her work, so she treats it responsibly and tries to achieve success. She has the same attitude towards friendship.

People should not stand in one place, they should strive for success, move forward, only then will the mechanism in which we find ourselves work.

Tokareva Anastasia