What does present perfect simple mean? Present Perfect - present perfect tense in English

The present perfect tense, or Present Perfect Tense, is a rather complex tense form for a Russian-speaking person. But the whole point is that in Russian there is no equivalent to this grammatical form. We are immediately confused by the fact that the Present Perfect refers to both the present and the past tense. How is this possible? Let's find out!

What is Present Perfect Tense?

Present Perfect Tense (Present Perfect Tense) is a tense form of a verb that expresses the connection of a past action with the present time. That is, the present perfect tense conveys an action performed in the past, but the result of this action is visible at the present moment. For example:

• We've bought a new car. — We bought a new car → At the moment we have a new car, that is, the action took place in the past, but the result is visible at the present moment.

Present Perfect is translated into Russian in the same way as Past Simple - in the past tense. For example:

• Present Perfect: I’ve written many letters - I wrote a lot of letters
• Past Simple: Last month I wrote many letters - Last month I wrote a lot of letters

The difference in the meaning of these tenses is that the Past Simple expresses a past action, timed to a specific moment in the past and not related to the present. The Present Perfect expresses a past action that is not confined to any moment in the past and has a result in the present. The difference in the meanings of the Past Simple and Present Perfect tenses can be seen in the following example:

• What have you done? - What have you done? (The questioner is interested in the result)
• I’ve cooked dinner - I prepared lunch (Lunch is ready now)

• What did you do an hour ago? - What were you doing an hour ago? (The questioner is interested in the action itself, not its result)
  I cooked dinner - I was preparing lunch (It doesn’t matter whether dinner is ready at the moment)

If the time of a past action is indicated by time circumstances or context, the Past Simple is used. If the time of a past action is not indicated by time circumstances and is not implied by the context, the Present Perfect is used.

The Present Perfect is primarily used in colloquial speech to describe events in the present tense that are the result of past actions.

Rules for the formation of Present Perfect Tense

Mean + have/ has + Past Participle …

In the interrogative form of Present Perfect Tense, the auxiliary verb to have is placed before the subject, and the Past Participle of the main verb is placed after the subject.

Have/Has + Mean. + Past Participle...?

The negative form is formed using the negation not, which comes after the auxiliary verb and, as a rule, merges with it into one whole:

• have not → haven’t
• has not → hasn’t

Mean + have/ has + not + Past Participle …

Conjugation table for the verb to lie in Present Perfect Tense

Rules for using Present Perfect Tense:

1. To express a past action associated with the present tense, if the sentence does not contain any time circumstances. Examples:

• I’ve seen wolves in the forest - I saw wolves in the forest
• We've heard so much about them - We've heard so much about them
• The snow has stopped, you can leave - The snow has stopped, you can leave
• I have fallen off a horse - I fell from a horse
• You’ve got nine - You got nine
• He has become part of our life - He has become part of our life

2. If the sentence contains such adverbial words or adverbs of indefinite time and repetition as:

• ever - ever
• never - never
• often - often
• always - always
• yet - yet
• rarely - rarely
• already - already
• rarely - rarely
• several times - several times

• I haven’t had lunch yet - I haven’t eaten lunch yet
• He has already made good progress - He has already made good progress
• She’s always been hardworking person - She has always been a hardworking person
• Have you ever been to London? - Have you ever been in London?
• No, never - No, never

3. If in the sentence the period of time indicated has not yet ended at the time of speech with such detailed words and adverbs of a specific time as:

• today - today
• all day - all day
• this morning - this morning
• this month - this month
• just - just now

• I haven’t had time to look at the paper today - I didn’t have time to look at the papers today
• She hasn’t seen me today - She didn’t see me today
• They must be there, I’ve just seen them - They must be there, I just saw them

Present Perfect use with a preposition 4. If the sentence contains such time circumstances that indicate the period during which the action took place (starting from a certain moment in the past to the present):

• for a long time - for a long time
• for the past two years (days, months, hours) - during the last two years (days, months, hours)
• for three days (hours, months, years) - within three days (hours, months, years)
• for ages - an eternity
• how long - how long
• up to now - until now
• up to the present - until now
• lately - recently

• Have you bought anything new lately? — Have you bought anything new recently?
• She hasn’t written to me up to now - She hasn’t written to me until now
• Where have you been for the past two years? — Where have you been for the last two years?
• We haven’t seen each other for ages - We haven’t seen each other for ages

Or if the sentence contains time circumstances that indicate only the beginning of such a period:

• since - since, since then, since

• They have been partners since 2005 - They have been partners since 2005
• I have owned this flat since my parents bought it for me - I have owned this apartment since my parents bought it for me
• I haven’t seen you since May, have I? “I haven’t seen you since May, have I?”

This was the basic information on the topic of Present Perfect Tense. As you can see, everything is not so complicated. It is important to learn adverbial words and adverbs that indicate the present perfect tense, and then everything becomes much easier. You will comprehend other nuances of this time of the English language in the process of improving the language.

Affirmative form The Present Perfect is formed using the auxiliary verb to have in the appropriate person and number (has - for the 3rd person singular, have - for all other persons in the singular and all persons in the plural) and the past participle (Participle II - participles II) semantic verb.

to have + Participle II

I have translated the text. I translated the text.
He has written two letters. He wrote two letters.

Interrogative form is formed by moving the auxiliary verb, which is placed before the subject. If there is a question word, it is placed before the auxiliary verb.

Have did you translate this text? Have you translated this text?
What have did you translate? What did you translate?

Abbreviations:

Along with the full form, abbreviated versions of the affirmative, negative and interrogative-negative forms are also used, especially in colloquial speech.

• 1. In the affirmative form, the spelling and pronunciation of the auxiliary verb have/has changes:

I've = I have
He's =He has
We've = We have

• 2. In negative form - two options for abbreviation:

a) negative particle not remains unchanged, only the auxiliary verb is reduced:

I've not = I have not
He's not = He has not
We've not = We have not

b) negative particle not loses the letter o and merges with the auxiliary verb:

I haven't= I have not
He hasn't= He has not

The same change occurs in the interrogative-negative form:

Haven't did you work?
Hasn't he written?

Using the Present Perfect

Present Perfect is used:

• 1. To express an action that has already taken place in the previous period before the moment of speech, but has a direct connection with the present moment. This connection to the present moment manifests itself:

a) as a result of an action that is available at the moment of speech:

I've read this article. I have read this article. (I know its contents, I can tell you.)
Doesn't have a letter written. He wrote a letter. (The result is a letter that can be read and sent.)

b) in sentences with words denoting an unfinished period of time: today - Today, this morning - this morning, this week - this week, this month - this month etc., as well as with adverbs of indefinite time: ever - ever, never - never, often - often, already - already, yet - Bye, more, just - just now, lately - recently(in recent days, weeks), recently - recently(in recent months or years), recently, up to now - still, rarely - rarely, once - one day, once upon a time etc. (most of them are more often used in interrogative and negative sentences).

I haven’t seen her this week. I haven't seen her this week.
I've never seen her before. I've never seen her before.
Has she come back yet? Is she already back?
She has published a new book recently. She recently published a new book.
Have you ever been to London? Have you ever been to London?

Please note:
In the above cases, the verb in the Present Perfect is translated into Russian by a verb in the past tense.

• 2. To express an action that began in the past, but has not yet ended (continuing), often with verbs that are not used in the Continuous form. At the same time, an unfinished period of time is often indicated by circumstances of time with the preposition for - during(for years - for many years, for ages - for ages, for three weeks - within three weeks etc.), with the preposition since - With(since Sunday - from Sunday, since 10 o'clock - from 10 o'clock, since 1990 - since 1990 etc.), as well as a subordinate clause with the conjunction since - since then.

I haven’t seen you for ages. We haven't seen each other for ages.
Has not been here for three weeks already. He's been here for three weeks now.
I haven’t heard from him since August. I haven't heard from him since August.
We have known her since 1990. We have known her since 1990.

Please note:
In this case, verbs in the Present Perfect can be translated into Russian by verbs in the past or present tense - depending on the context.

Note also the following:

The difference in the use of Present Perfect and Simple Past/Past Indefinite is that Simple Past/Past Indefinite is always associated with a past period of time (which may be indicated or clear from the context) and expresses an action-fact, while Present Perfect is always associated with present and expresses the action-result or experience acquired as a result of the action.

Compare:

The Present Perfect is not used if there is an exact indication of time in the past (yesterday, last night, etc.), since in this case the connection with the present moment is broken. The presence of this connection is a prerequisite for using the Present Perfect. If there is no such connection, then Simple Past/Past Indefinite is used.

Compare:

a) I have heard his speech and I liked it. I heard his performance and I liked it.
b) I heard his speech last night. I heard him speak last night.

In the first case (a), the time of the action is not indicated, but it happened in the past and the connection with the present is expressed by the fact that you like it (the performance) even now - the Present Perfect is used. In the second case (b) the duration of action is indicated, and therefore Simple Past/Past Indefinite is used.

Compare also:

a) I have seen her this morning. I saw her this morning.
b) I saw her this morning. I saw her this morning.

In the first case (a) this can be said if the conversation takes place in the morning, the morning time has not yet expired. In the second case (b), this can be said if the conversation takes place during the day or evening, the morning time has already expired. With the expression this morning, the Present Perfect can only be used if the action took place before one o'clock in the afternoon. If it happened later, for example, at one thirty (13.30), then Simple Past/Past Indefinite is used, since, according to the British, “morning” lasts only until one o’clock in the afternoon.

• 3. The Present Perfect is also used in sentences in which the action, although it happened in the past, can be repeated.

I have seen wolves in this forest. I saw wolves in this forest. (It is implied that they can be found there and now.)
I saw wolves in this forest. I saw wolves in this forest. (The use of the Simple Past expresses a statement of fact.)

Compare also:

a) Pushkin wrote many wonderful poems. Pushkin wrote many beautiful poems.
b) Yevtushenko has written many wonderful poems. Yevtushenko wrote many beautiful poems.

In the first sentence (a) we used Simple Past/Past Indefinite - wrote, since Pushkin is no longer alive and the possibility of repeating the action, i.e. writing more poetry, is excluded. In the second sentence (b) the verb in the Present Perfect is used - has written, since the author is alive and, perhaps, will write many more beautiful poems.

• 4. The Present Perfect is used in answers to a question asked in the Present Perfect (unless the tense is specified in the answer). If the time of action in the answer is specified, then it is given in Simple Past/Past Indefinite.

Have you seen the new English film? Have you seen the new English film?
Yes, I have (seen the new English film). Yes, I saw (the new English film).
But: Yes, I saw it yesterday. Yes, I saw him yesterday.

Please note:

If the dialogue is not limited to one question and answer, but continues, then the first one or two questions and answers are used in the Present Perfect, and the conversation continues in the Simple Past / Past Indefinite, because The main thing is no longer actions, but circumstances.

Husband: Where have you been? Husband: Where have you been?
Wife: I’ve been at the sales. Wife: I was in the store (at a discount sale).
Husband: What have you bought? (What did you buy?) Husband: What did you buy?
Wife: I’ve bought (I bought) yellow pajamas. Wife: I bought yellow pajamas.
Husband: Why did you buy yellow? I told you never to buy yellow for me. Husband: Why yellow? I told you to never buy yellow for me.
Wife: I couldn't resist it. They were very much reduced. Wife: I couldn't resist. They were so cheap. (They were greatly discounted).

Place of adverbs in sentences when used with the Present Perfect form

• 1. Adverbs ever, never, often, rarely, just, as a rule, are placed before the semantic verb.

I have never read that book. I've never read this book.
Doesn't have often been there. He visited there often.
They have just left the house. They just left.

• 2. Adverb already also placed before the semantic verb in affirmative sentences, and in interrogative sentences, as a rule, at the end of the sentence and usually expresses surprise in the latter case (already with a connotation of the meaning “so soon”).

Have you translated the article already?
Have you really (so soon) translated the article?

• 3. Adverbs lately, recently, once and combinations up to now, many times, as a rule, are placed at the end of the sentence.

I haven’t received any letters from him lately. I haven't received any letters from him lately.
We have seen him recently. We saw him recently.

• 4. Adverb yet is used in negative sentences in the sense of “still” and is usually placed at the end of the sentence. In interrogative sentences it means “already” and is also placed at the end of the sentence.

Hasn’t finished his work yet. He hasn't finished his work yet.
Have they come back yet? Have they returned yet?

Present Perfect is the present perfect tense, which denotes an action that has already taken place in the previous period before the moment of speech, but has a direct connection with the present moment.

Not everything in a foreign language can be mastered the first time. This is especially true for grammar rules, of which there are many in English. More than once, students, in their quest to master a foreign language, have to return to the same topic and analyze it again and again. Today we propose to consider the aspect of the perfect present tense, and to do this not only from the theoretical side, but also in close tandem with practice. We will give examples for each present perfect rule that will act as a visual example. Thanks to the methodical development of structures, knowledge of the rules will be absorbed subconsciously; all that remains is to consolidate it with training exercises.

In order to understand the significance of this aspect, it is necessary to rethink the Russian approach to the tense system. In our speech, completed actions automatically refer to the past. In English, it is not the fact of completion that is important, but the relevance of the action. Therefore, the perfect can be in the past, in the present and in the future.

The present perfect tense includes those actions whose results are relevant at the moment. Accordingly, the events of this aspect:

• were completed quite recently;
• happened once, but the result appeared only now;
• express everyday experience;
• are long-term (started in the past, are happening now and will continue in the future).*

*The last paragraph uses verbs that cannot be used in meaning with the Perfect Continuous, or can be used equally in both tenses.

Let's move on to mastering meanings in practice, which the next section will help us with.

Present perfect example sentences

Predicates in this form are grammatical constructions consisting of two elements. Let us examine in detail each type of sentence in the present perfect.

Statement

Affirmative phrases that carry a positive result of an action are formed using the auxiliary have and the past participle. Moreover, the auxiliary verb has different forms: for the 3rd person singular. (he, she, it) – has, for everyone else – have. Let us derive a generalized diagram.

Nick(1)has(2) bought(3)anewdressforme(4) - Nick bought me a new dress.

This is the basic form from which other types of utterances are derived. To practice it, we will give examples of 10 affirmative sentences with translation in the present perfect.

• They have finished theprojectA-20 thisweek– They completed the A-20 project this week.
• I have used thiscomputersince2010 – I have been using this computer since 2010.
• She has lived in England for three months –ShelivedVEngland 3month.
• We have just cooked potatoes with vegetables –We just cooked potatoes and vegetables.
• You have already been in Prague –YoualreadywereVPrague.
• I have seen a koala in the local zoo three times. It has always slept – I saw a koala at the local zoo three times. SheAlwayssleeping.
• They have owned this building since they bought it in 1999 –TheyownthisbuildingWiththosesince thenHowboughthisin 1999year.
• He has always liked such films –To himAlwayslikedsuchmovies.
• We have never flown byamilitaryplane– We have never flown on a military plane.
• It is the first time she has painted someone's portrait –Shefirstdrewwhose-Thatportrait.

Please note that present perfect phrases are translated into Russian using both perfect verbs and imperfect constructions.

Negation

The particle not is responsible for the negative result of an action, as in all English aspects. Once it is added to the corresponding form of have, the affirmative statement turns into a negation.

Children(1) have not (2) done (3) their homework yet (4) – ChildrenmoreNotdonemyhomework.

Much more often, both in colloquial speech and in writing, the abbreviations haven’t/haven’t are used.

• He hasn't been in Africa for five months –HeNotwasVAfrica 5months.
• I haven 't feed mydogyet– I haven’t fed my dog ​​yet.
• We haven't packed our suitcases –WeNotpackedoursuitcases.
• She hasn't been seen her best girlfriend for many years –SheNotsawmythe bestgirlfrienda lot ofyears.
• You haven 't passed thisexam– You failed this exam.

Being derived from statements, negative sentences are not fraught with complexity. The only thing worth mentioning is that if the expression contains negative adverbs, then the second negation (not) is no longer placed, because There cannot be two negatives in a sentence in English!

• She has never played football– She never played football.
• She hasn't 't played footballthisweekShe didn't play football this week.

Keep this rule in mind when using negative adverbs.

Questions

To create a general question, you need to perform a syntactic rearrangement of the verb have, moving it to the beginning of the phrase.

Has(1) she (2) answered(3) all your questions already (4)? – ShealreadyansweredonAllyoursquestions?

• Have you ever cooked a Caesar salad? –YouWhen-somedaypreparedsaladCaesar?
• Have they gone to the city’s museum two times? –Did they go to the city museum twice?

Such questions can be answered using brief constructions Yes, shehas/wehave or No, shehasn't't/wehaven't. In place of she/we, any pronoun corresponding to the statement is inserted.

Alternative questions that provide a choice of two indicated options require a more precise answer. Outwardly, they are similar to general questions, but have an additional (alternative) part, attached by the conjunction or.

• Have you been friends since 2004 or since 2005? –Yoube friendssince 2004of the yearorsince 2005?
• Has she studied Japanese or Chinese for 7 years? –ShesevenyearsteachesJapaneselanguageorChineselanguage?

When using special question words, general sentences change their construction for the present perfect tense, skipping significant words forward.

• Where has he bought such a dictionary? –WhereHeboughtsuchdictionary?
• How long have we known each other? –How long have we known each other?
• A separate type of special combinations is a question for the subject.
• Who has written is it on the blackboard? –WhowroteThisonblackboard?
• Who has just used mysmartphone? – Who just used my smartphone?

By the way, short phrases can be used to answer this question: Ihave, shehas and so on.

Interrogative sentences with a negative construction have a special emotional connotation. They are used only in colloquial speech.

• Hasn 't he called hismotheryet? “Hasn’t he called his mom yet?”
• Haven 't I told themaboutthatsituation? “Didn’t I tell them about that situation?”

And the last type is dividing questions. At first glance, they look like statements, but if you look closely, you can identify a question tail with a pronoun and the verb have. It is noteworthy that the additive will always be opposite in meaning to the main phrase.

• You have played basketball this week, haven't you? – YouplayedVbasketballonthisweek,isn't itNo?
• She has ridden an elephant, hasn't she? – She rode an elephant, didn't she?
• They haven 't been inthejungle, have they ? “They weren’t in the jungle, were they?”
• Jack hasn't 't visited you, has he ? “Jack hasn’t visited you yet, has he?”

So, we have considered all possible types of the perfect present in statements of various types. Before moving on to the exercises, let’s summarize the information received and remember once again what grammatical constructions of the present perfect and example sentences can be found in the speech of native Englishmen.

Present Perfect- present perfect tense of English. This tense is used to denote events that have completed to date or have completed during the present time period. See below the rules for forming the Present Perfect, a list of auxiliary words and examples of using the present perfect tense in English.

Education Present Perfect

In affirmative sentences, the Present Perfect is formed by using the auxiliary word have (1st and 2nd person) or has (3rd person singular) and adding the ending -ed to the verb. If the verb is irregular, then the 3rd form is used - Past Participle.

Education formula:

Noun + have / has + verb ending in -ed or 3rd form

A noun and an auxiliary verb have can merge and form I’ve, they’ve, etc. Examples of affirmative sentences in the Present Perfect:

He has just finished playing football. — He just finished playing football.

They’ve started doing their homework already. — They have already started doing their homework.

To form a negative sentence in the Present Perfect, after the auxiliary verb, you must add the particle not. rule:

Noun + have / has + not + verb ending in -ed or 3rd form

An auxiliary verb can be combined with the not part to form have not or has not. Examples of negative sentences:

I have not seen you for years! - I haven't seen you for a long time!

She has not made her work yet. “She hasn't done her job yet.”

To form an interrogative sentence in the Present Perfect, the auxiliary verb must be placed before the sentence. rule:

Have / Has + noun + verb ending in -ed or 3rd form

Examples of interrogative sentences:

Has there ever been a war in the United States? — Was there ever a war in the United States?

Have you ever met him? -Have you ever met him?

Auxiliary words Present Perfect

When forming sentences in the Present Perfect, auxiliary words are often used. These present perfect marker words are given below:

Cases in which the Present Perfect is used

Below are various examples of using the Present Perfect tense that you may find useful.
I use case: Indefinite time before the present moment

Unspecified Time Before Now

The Present Perfect is usually used to describe something that happened relatively recently and at an inopportune time. The use of the following words such as yesterday, one year ago, last week, at that moment, that day, one day and others in the Present Perfect is prohibited, since when using this tense the emphasis is placed on the experience, and not on the time when the event occurred. In this case, the use of auxiliary words is used (see table above). examples:

I have been to France. — I was in France.

I think I have met him once before. “I think I met him once.”

Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. - No one has ever climbed this mountain.

You have grown since the last time I saw you. “You’ve grown up since I last saw you.”

James has not finished his homework yet. — Jace hasn't finished his homework yet.

Have you been to Mexico in the last year? — Have you been to Mexico in the last year? ('In the last year' (as opposed to 'last year') means 'in the last 365 days', so it is an indefinite tense, requiring the use of the Present Perfect)

I have seen that movie six times in the last month. — I saw this film six times last month. (The time is indicated here, but the emphasis is on how many times a person has seen this film.)

Use case II: the action takes place to this day

Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

The Present Perfect is also used with verbs that are not continuous (Non-Continuous Verbs) or with mixed verbs (Mixed Verbs). In this case, the present perfect tense describes an action that began in the past and is still ongoing. In this case, it is typical to use phrases like for five minutes, for two weeks, since Monday and others. examples:

I have had a cold for two weeks. — I’ve had a cold for two weeks now.

She has been in England for six months. — She has been in England for 6 months.

Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl. — Mary loves chocolate since childhood.

25.12.2014

For many who study English, time PresentPerfect instills fear and confusion. And all because in the Russian language there is no such verb tense.

In fact, there is nothing scary about this time and you shouldn’t be afraid of it.

In today's article I will talk about the formation and use of the Present Perfect in English, and I hope that you will be able to “make friends” with this unusual tense of the English verb.

Let's first consider in what cases this time should be used.

Using the Present Perfect

The fact is that the Present Perfect expresses an action that began in the past and was completed at the time of speech.

The duration of action is not important to us; it is not indicated. What is important to us is the result of this action or the very fact of its commission.

Often, time markers help us determine that this is exactly the case: just, already, yet, recently, lately etc.

For example:

• Jane has already read this book. - Jane had already read this book (before the moment they started talking about it).
• We haven’t seen each other recently. - We haven't seen each other lately.

When we talk about a repeated action between the past and the present, the use of the Present Perfect is more relevant than ever:

• I have visited Rome 3 times. - I've been to Rome three times.
• We have eaten at this restaurant many times. - We have eaten at this restaurant many times.

Also, the Present Perfect or present perfect tense can describe an action that began in the past and continues in the present. Eg:

• They have known each other for 3 years. - They have known each other for 3 years.
• I have studied English since childhood. - I studied English since childhood.

In the case where the period in which the action occurred has not yet ended, and can be indicated by the words today, this week, this month, this year, we also use the present perfect tense. Let's look at examples:

• Ellie has written 20 articles this month. - Ellie wrote 20 articles this month.
• My sister has finished painting her room this week. This week my sister finished painting her room.

And the last rule for using the Present Perfect: when we talk about our experience to date. Eg:

• Have you ever been to London? - Have you ever been in London?
• He has never been to Japan. - He has never been to Japan.
• We have never spent so much time together. - We have never spent so much time together.

In this case, the following adverbs of time are used: ever, never, so far,uptonow, untilnow.

We must not forget that in sentences with PresentPerfectTense there cannot be precise time indicators, like yesterday, 5 years ago, last summer,at 3 o’ clock and so on. The Past Simple would be appropriate here.

Education Present Perfect

Now let's look at how the simple perfect tense is formed in English.

The scheme is quite simple: have/has + past participle/V-ed.

This means that you need to take the verb have or has, depending on the person performing the action and add a semantic verb to it in the form of the past tense, that is, add an ending -ed, if the verb is correct, or select the appropriate form from the third column of the table if the verb is irregular.

You can see the table of irregular verbs in the article The Past Simple: how it is formed and when it is used. This table should be memorized.

Below you will see an example of the formation of an affirmative, negative and interrogative sentence in the Present Perfect with a regular verb work- work.

Accordingly, the particle not helps to form a negative sentence and is placed after the verb have/has.

They can also be shortened: have+ not= haven’ t; has + not = hasn't’ t. Eg:

• I haven’t asked you to come and yell at me. “I didn’t ask you to come and yell at me.”
• It hasn’t stopped raining until today. “It hasn’t stopped raining until today.”

To form a general question, move have/has to the beginning of the sentence:

• Have you cleaned the room yet? - Have you already cleaned the room?
• Has she bought that dress? - Did she buy that dress?

If you want to ask a question to a specific member of the sentence, put have/has after the question word, then comes the subject, followed by the semantic verb. Examples:

• What has Zoe sent you? - What did Zoe send you?
• Why have you done that? - Why did you do that?

But remember this: if you want to know information about time (question with the word when), use Past Simple instead of Present Perfect.

• When did you come here? - When did you come here?
• When did they meet? - When did they meet?

To practice the Present Perfect tense in everyday life, mentally pronounce the actions you just did, for example: I have just read this article.My friend has already shared it to our group.

See you soon!