Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich was born in 1791 in Ufa, and died in Moscow in 1859. This is a Russian writer, public figure, official, memoirist, literary critic, and also the author of books about hunting and fishing, and collecting butterflies. He is the father of the Slavophiles, and the writers Ivan, Konstantin and Vera Aksakov.

In this article we will look at Aksakov's works in chronological order.

"Buran"

During 1820-1830, Sergei Timofeevich's main creative activity was translations, as well as literary and theatrical criticism, and several poems were created. He wrote his first significant work only in 1833. This was the essay "Buran", published a year later anonymously in an almanac called "The Right Hand". The basis of this work by Aksakov is a real event, which the writer knew about from the words of eyewitnesses. This essay already carried the main features of the author’s subsequent work, the main one of which was an interest in reality. This work already outlines the characteristic properties of Aksakov’s poetics, by which we recognize this author. S. Mashinsky wrote about this creation that the picture of the storm was painted with such expressive power, laconic colors and courageous simplicity, as only Pushkin could write in prose until then.

After publication, the work received very high marks from various critics. Alexander Sergeevich himself appreciated Aksakov’s description of the snowstorm. Later, 20 years later, Leo Tolstoy would turn to the experience of this author when creating the story “Blizzard”.

We continue to describe Aksakov’s works. The list will be supplemented by “Notes” about hunting and fishing. From the end of the 1830s, a new period began in Aksakov’s life. He, as he dreamed, left public service, concentrating entirely on managing family and economic affairs.

"Notes on Fishing"

Aksakov's works underwent significant thematic changes in the 40s. Then he began to create a “Family Chronicle”, and later, in 1845, he decided to write a book dedicated to fishing. Work on it was completed a year later, and in 1847 it was published under the title “Notes on Fishing.” In form, this work is a selection of essays by a fisherman. This creation of Aksakov was also met with unanimous approval. A significantly expanded and revised edition was published in 1854 under the title “Notes on Fishing,” and two years later a third appeared.

"Notes of a Gun Hunter"

Aksakov’s works, the list of which we are compiling, will be supplemented by a book entitled “Notes of a Gun Hunter.” In 1849, Sergei Timofeevich began working on a work about hunting. It was published in 1852. In style, this creation resembled the previous one: its chapters were essays. This book also soon became popular, and the circulation of this work was instantly sold out. And again, rave reviews from various critics, including Gogol, Turgenev, Chernyshevsky.

"Family Chronicle"

In 1840, Aksakov began creating the Family Chronicle. However, then his attention switched to the above-mentioned books about hunting and fishing, and only in 1852 did work on these memoirs resume.

Individual episodes of Aksakov’s work were published as they were written in periodicals. A small excerpt was published already in 1846, and in 1854 the first episode from the “Family Chronicle” appeared in “Moskvityanin”, followed by the fourth (in “Russian Conversation” in 1856) and the fifth (in “Russian Messenger” in 1856 year). At the same time, “Memoirs” was published, which later became the third, separate book of the trilogy.

The second edition, published in 1856, included two more excerpts from this work, which finally acquired its final form.

The release of "Family Chronicle" was associated with censorship friction. Aksakov was also afraid of the reaction of his neighbors and relatives, who did not want family secrets to be made public. Therefore, the writer changed many geographical names and faces. The book introduces the reader to a picture of landowner life in the provinces. took an important place in Russian literature, having met with an enthusiastic reception from both critics and readers.

"Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson"

This work was created in the period from 1854 to 1856. The author wanted to create a unique book for children, which should be written as if for adults, without being adjusted to the age of the audience, with a lack of moralizing. The birth of this work by Aksakov for children occurred in 1858. The book shows the transformation of the hero's inner world with age.

Aksakov's fairy tales, the list of which consists, strictly speaking, of only one work, are considered by some for some reason to be numerous. This is understandable: only an experienced author could create such a beautiful fairy tale. Aksakov was very experienced, but worked mainly in other genres. This work was placed by the author as an appendix to the book “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” Aksakov’s works for children, as you can see, are few in number, but very interesting and popular even today.

The concept of "The Scarlet Flower" is an artistic adaptation (not the first) of the famous story about the meeting of beauty and the beast. It was published many times separately, becoming the most published work of Sergei Timofeevich and creating the myth of “Aksakov’s fairy tale.”

Other works

Work on the trilogy inspired the writer, who conceived the idea of ​​another memoir work dedicated to the period of his life in 1820-1830. He, however, did not have time to bring it to life, but in the course of his work he created a number of interesting memoir essays. “Acquaintance with Derzhavin”, “Biography of M. N. Zagoskin” and “Memories of M. N. Zagoskin” appeared in 1852.

In the period from 1856 to 1858, the author created memoir essays that continued the series about A. S. Shishkov, Ya. E. Shusherin and G. R. Derzhavin. This book was published in “Russian Conversation” in parts, and then, in 1858, was included in the collection entitled “Miscellaneous Works of S. T. Aksakov.” This time the memoirs were greeted without enthusiasm by critics, including N. A. Dobrolyubov. The author was accused of partiality and subjectivity towards his friends from his youth.

Latest works

“Collecting Butterflies” is a story written in 1858 for the collection “Bratchina,” a charity publication for the benefit of students at Kazan University. This creation is thematically related to the author’s university memoirs. It was born after his death. Aksakov, 4 months before his death, dictated another work - “Essay on a Winter Day”. “Meeting with the “Martinists” was the last creation published during the life of Sergei Timofeevich and published in “Russian Conversation” in 1859.

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich is a famous Russian writer, government official and public figure, literary and theater critic, memoirist, author of books about fishing and hunting, lepidopterist. Father of Russian writers and public figures Slavophiles: Konstantin, Ivan and Vera Aksakov. Corresponding Member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Sergei Aksakov was born (September 20) on October 1, 1791 in the city of Ufa. He came from an old but poor noble family. His father Timofey Stepanovich Aksakov was a provincial official. Mother - Maria Nikolaevna Aksakova, nee Zubova, a very educated woman for her time and social circle.
Aksakov spent his childhood in Ufa and on the Novo-Aksakovo estate. His grandfather Stepan Mikhailovich had a significant influence on the formation of Aksakov’s personality in early childhood. Long walks into the forest or the steppe laid deep, powerful layers of impressions in him, which later, decades later, became inexhaustible sources of artistic creativity. Little Aksakov loved to listen to the stories of the serf nanny Pelageya, one of which was later developed into the famous fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower”. Memories of Aksakov’s childhood and youth formed the basis of his memoir-autobiographical trilogy: “Family Chronicle” (1856), “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson” (1858), “Memoirs” (1856).
At the age of eight, in 1801, Aksakov was assigned to the Kazan gymnasium. There, with interruptions due to illness, he studied until 1804, after which, at the age of 14, he was transferred to the newly opened Kazan University. At the university, Aksakov successfully performed in amateur theater and published handwritten magazines “Arcadian Shepherds” and “Journal of Our Activities”. In them he published his first literary experiments - poems written in a naive and sentimental style.
Since 1806, Aksakov has been taking part in the activities of the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature” at Kazan University. He interrupted his participation in it in June 1807 due to his move to St. Petersburg.
In St. Petersburg, Aksakov’s first rapprochement with literary figures took place. During these years, Aksakov lived sometimes in St. Petersburg, sometimes in Moscow, sometimes in the village. After his marriage (1816) to Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina, Aksakov tried to settle in the village. He lived with his parents for five years, but in 1820 he was separated, receiving Nadezhdino (Orenburg province) as his patrimony. Having moved to Moscow for a year, I lived in a wide, open house. Old literary connections were renewed and new ones were formed. Aksakov entered the writing and literary life of Moscow. After spending a year in Moscow, Aksakov moved, for the sake of economy, to the Orenburg province and lived in the village until the fall of 1826.
In August 1826, Aksakov parted with the village forever. He visited here on visits, but, in essence, remained a resident of the capital until his death. In Moscow, he met with his old patron Shishkov, now the Minister of Public Education, and easily received from him the position of censor. Closeness with Pogodin expanded his circle of literary acquaintances. He was dismissed from the post of censor for what he omitted in I.V.’s magazine. Kireevsky "European" article "The Nineteenth Century". With Aksakov’s connections, it was not difficult for him to find a job, and the next year he received the position of inspector of the land surveying school, and then, when it was transformed into the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute, he was appointed its first director and organizer.
In 1839, Aksakov, provided with a large fortune that he inherited after the death of his father, left the service and, after some hesitation, never returned to it. During this time he wrote: a number of theater reviews in the “Dramatic Additions” to the “Moscow Bulletin” and several small articles in “Galatea” (1828 - 1830). His translation of Molière's "The Miser" was performed at the Moscow theater during Shchepkin's benefit performance. In 1830, his story “Recommendation of the Minister” was published in the Moscow Bulletin (without signature).
Finally, in 1834, his essay “Buran” appeared in the almanac “Dennitsa,” also without a signature. According to critics, this is the first work that talks about the real writer Aksakov. Since then, Aksakov’s work has developed smoothly and fruitfully.
Following “Buran”, “Family Chronicle” was started. Already in these years, a certain popularity surrounded Aksakov. His name enjoyed authority. The Academy of Sciences elected him more than once as a reviewer when awarding awards.
Temporarily leaving the “Family Chronicle”, he turned to natural science and hunting memories, and his “Notes on Angling Fish” (Moscow, 1847) was his first broad literary success. “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” was published in 1852 and aroused even more enthusiastic reviews than “Fish Fishing.” Among these reviews there is an article by I.S. Turgenev. Along with hunting memories and characteristics, stories about his childhood and his immediate ancestors were brewing in the author’s thoughts.
Soon after the release of “Notes of a Gun Hunter,” new excerpts from the “Family Chronicle” began to appear in magazines, and in 1856 it was published as a separate book.
The joys of literary success softened the hardships of the last years of his life for Aksakov. The family's material well-being has been shaken; Aksakov's health was getting worse. He was almost blind - with stories and dictation of memories he filled the time that not so long ago he devoted to fishing, hunting and active communication with nature.
A number of works marked these last years of his life. First of all, “Family Chronicle” received its continuation in “The Childhood Years of Bagrov’s Grandson.”
Aksakov’s “Literary and Theatrical Memoirs,” included in “Miscellaneous Works,” are full of interesting small information and facts, but are infinitely far from Aksakov’s stories about his childhood. “The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol” has a deeper meaning and could have had even greater significance if it had been completed.
These last works were written during the intervals of a serious illness, from which Aksakov died on April 30, 1859 in Moscow.
In 1991, when the 200th anniversary of the birth of Sergei Aksakov was widely celebrated, the Writer’s Memorial House-Museum was opened in Ufa.
Few buildings can boast such a rich history as this wooden house near the Belaya River. It was built in the first half of the 18th century. The building housed the office of the Ufa governorship. The family of the writer’s maternal grandfather Nikolai Zubov also lived here. After the death of N.S. Zubov, the house was bought by the writer’s father, Timofey Aksakov.
In 1795, the whole family moved here for permanent residence. Here they lived until 1797. The first childhood impressions of this house can be found in the famous book by Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” Here is an excerpt from this family chronicle:
“We lived then in the provincial city of Ufa and occupied a huge Zubin wooden house... The house was covered with planks, but not painted; it was darkened by the rains, and this whole mass had a very sad appearance. The house stood on a slope, so that the windows into the garden were very low from the ground, and the windows from the dining room to the street, on the opposite side of the house, rose three arshins above the ground; the front porch had more than twenty-five steps, and from it the Belaya River could be seen almost its entire width...”
Aksakov had special, warm memories associated with every corner of this house. This house is interesting in itself, as a wonderful example of 18th-century architecture.

Tales of Aksakov

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Adventure Aksakov's fairy tale about magic The Scarlet Flowerand its terrible owner - an enchanted prince in the guise of a monster. Based onfairy tales The Scarlet FlowerA lot of cartoons have been shot. The rich merchant went on his business to the thirtieth kingdom, and his daughters ordered him to bring gifts from overseas. And the choice of the merchant’s youngest and most beloved daughter fell onThe Scarlet Flower. The merchant fulfilled the wishes of all his daughters, but having found and tornscarlet flowerincurred the wrath of the monster overseas, the ownerScarlet flower. The monster wanted to kill the merchant forThe Scarlet Flower, but then she set a condition - to send one of her daughters to live with him in her place, otherwise the merchant would die. The merchant returned, told his daughters everything, and the youngest daughter volunteered to live with the monster. It did not offend her, but was an obedient slave and fulfilled all her desires. After some time, the daughter missed her father and asked to go home and visit her father. The monster let her go, but warned that if she did not return in 3 days, he would die, because he loved her and could live without her. The daughter kept her word and returned to the monster a minute before the deadline, but found him lifeless. She began to feel sorry for him and said that she loved him. After these words, the monster turned into a handsome prince, and the spell fell off of him. And then they lived happily ever after.

The Aksakov or Oksakov family, as they were called in the old days, was ancient and went back to the noble Varangian who moved to Rus' in the 11th century with his retinue. Among the Aksakovs there were boyars, governors, and generals, but the most famous was the name of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, a Russian writer.
Seryozha Aksakov was a very gifted boy. At the age of four he already read well, and at the age of five he recited poems by Sumarokov and Kheraskov by heart, retold in his own way and even acted out the tales of “The Arabian Nights.”
Aksakov was interested in literature and theater both during his student years at Kazan University and during the first years of his service in St. Petersburg. Later, having already moved to Moscow, being a censor of the Moscow Censorship Committee and an employee of the Moskovsky Vestnik magazine, he became a famous theater critic and was the first to appreciate the talent of M.S. Shchepkin and P.S. Mochalov.
Sergei Timofeevich realized his literary calling very late and wrote his first books when he was already well over fifty. At this time, S.T. Aksakov was the father of a large and friendly family, the hospitable owner of the house, where all the literary, theatrical and musical Moscow gathered. Friends (and among them were N.V. Gogol, M.N. Zagoskin, I.S. Turgenev, young L.N. Tolstoy) admired Aksakov Sr.’s stories about Russian antiquity, about family legends, about the beauty of the land that he , a passionate hunter and fisherman, knew better than anyone.
To the author's fiction “the soul was not lying down”, and therefore in his books S.T. Aksakov simply talked about what he knew and loved best. “Notes on Fishing” (1847) and “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” (1852) captivated readers and critics with the accuracy and subtlety of observations of the life of nature and the poetry of language.
Anyone who wants to know what Russia was like in the old years should read S.T. Aksakov’s books “Family Chronicle” (1856) and “Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson, serving as a continuation of “Family Chronicle”” (1858).
The writer, without inventing anything, slowly and simply tells the story of his family. About how freely people once lived in the Ufa steppes, how bright and transparent the rivers were, how fresh and green the forests were, and how the nightingales sang all night in the spring, not letting them sleep... People, the ancient Russian district nobility, lived in harmony with the whole of God’s world. , who knew a lot about work, and fun, and everything.
In the appendix to “Childhood Years...” there was a fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower” - perhaps the kindest and wisest of all fairy tales written in Russian.
Fate left Aksakov very little time for creativity. My health was failing, my eyes were weakening (I had to dictate). But the inner vision became more and more bright, the language became more and more flexible and expressive.
S.T. Aksakov died without completing everything he had in mind. But what he managed was enough. He was loved by his contemporaries and his descendants love him. Everyone who reads his books finds peace of mind and joy. And the more time passes, the stronger the anxiety for the fate of the Earth and people, the more dear Aksakov’s word is to us and the more important his advice is:

From a message to M.A. Dmitriev, 1850

Margarita Pereslegina

WORKS OF S.T.AKSAKOV

COLLECTED WORKS: In 3 volumes - M.: Khudozh. lit., 1986.
Everyone knows S.T. Aksakov - “the singer of native nature” and a storyteller. But few people know his most interesting “Literary and Theatrical Memoirs,” which sound unexpectedly modern now that the Russian theater is 250 years old. Don’t miss also “The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol,” which contains not only memories of Sergei Timofeevich’s great friend, but also correspondence with him. Therefore, read all three volumes from cover to cover.

THE SCARLET FLOWER: The Tale of the Housekeeper Pelageya // Fairy tales of Russian writers. - M.: Reading Circle, 2001. - P. 64-89.

THE SCARLET FLOWER: The Tale of the Housekeeper Pelageya / Preface. A. Sharova; Rice. L. Ionova. - M.: Det. lit., 1985. - 32 p.: ill.
“In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a rich merchant, an eminent man.
...and that merchant had three daughters, all three were beautiful, and the youngest was the best..."
A merchant gathered for trade overseas and promised each of his daughters whatever gift she wanted. And the smallest, most beloved, - “a scarlet flower, which could not be more beautiful in this world...”

CHILDHOOD YEARS OF BAGROV-GRANDSON; THE SCARLET FLOWER. - M.: AST: Olympus, 1998. - 553 p. - (School of classics: Book for students and teachers).

CHILDHOOD YEARS OF BAGROV-GRANDSON: Tale / Artist. A. Itkin. - M.: Det. lit., 2001. - 349 pp.: ill. - (School library).
Aksakov’s memory preserved all the events of his childhood: from the first years of infancy to early adolescence. The love and affection of a mother, “hunting trips” with her father, all the sounds, smells and colors of the steppe region live in the book, as if two centuries have not passed since then...

STORIES ABOUT NATIVE NATURE / Intro. Art. N. Pakhomova; Rice. G. Nikolsky. - M.: Det. lit., 1988. - 142 p.: ill.
S.T. Aksakov’s early essay “Buran”, chapters from the story “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson”, chapters from “Notes on Fishing” and “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” are very good for a first acquaintance with the writer’s prose.

FAMILY CHRONICLE; CHILDREN'S YEARS OF BAGROV-GRANDSON / Intro. Art. A. Khomyakova; Artist I. Falaleev. - M.: Novator, 1996. - 387 p.
“Family Chronicle” tells about two generations of the Aksakov family, called here the Bagrovs, with their children and household members, peasants and servants. At the end of the 18th century, family traditions and the way of life of the Russian estate were still majestic and unshakable. The author conveyed priceless details of antiquity with care and love.

Margarita Pereslegina

LITERATURE ABOUT THE LIFE AND WORK OF S.T.AKSAKOV

Abramtsevo: State. history-art. or T. museum-reserve. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1981. - 217 pp.: ill.

Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich // Theater: Encyclopedia. - M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2002. - pp. 12-13.

Arzumanova O. Abramtsevo during the Aksakovs // Museum-Reserve “Abramtsevo”: Essay-guide. - M.: Illustrate. art, 1984. - pp. 15-72.

Bogdanov V. Formation of man // Aksakov S. Childhood years of Bagrov-grandson; Garin-Mikhailovsky N. Childhood Themes; Stanyukovich K. Stories; Mamin-Sibiryak D. Stories. - M.: Det. lit., 1994. - pp. 3-13. - (B-ka world lit. for children).

Voitolovskaya E. S. T. Aksakov in the circle of classical writers: Doc. essays. - M.: Det. lit., 1982. - 220 pp.: ill.

A brief chronicle of the life and work of S.T. Aksakov; Materials for the biography of S.T. Aksakov; Criticism about the work of S.T. Aksakov // Aksakov S. Childhood years of Bagrov-grandson; The Scarlet Flower. - M.: AST: Olympus, 1998. - P. 356-482.

Mann Yu. Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich // Russian writers: Biogr. Dictionary: In 2 volumes - M.: Education, 1990. - T. 1. - P. 22-24.

Mann Yu. The Aksakov family: Ist.-lit. feature article. - M.: Det. lit., 1992. - 384 p.

Mashinsky S. S. T. Aksakov: Life and creativity. - Ed. 2nd. - M.: Artist. lit., 1973. - 575 pp.: ill.

Nizovsky A. Abramtsevo // Estates of Russia. - M.: Veche, 2005. - P. 3-9.

Pakhomov N. Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov // Russian writers in Moscow. - M.: Moscow. worker, 1987. - pp. 147-165.

Sokolov-Mikitov I. Honestly // Sokolov-Mikitov I. Collection. Op.: In 4 vols. - L.: Khudozh. lit., 1987. - T. 4. - P. 214-219.

Starodub K. Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich // Starodub K. Literary Moscow: Historical and local history. encyclopedia for schoolchildren. - M.: Education, 1997. - P. 17-19.

Sharov A. Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov // Sharov A. Wizards come to people. - M.: Det. lit., 1985. - pp. 21-49.

M.P.

SCREEN ADAPTATIONS OF S.T.AKSAKOV’S WORKS

- ART FILMS -

Scarlet Flower: Based on the fairy tale of the same name by S.T. Aksakov. Scene N. Ryazantseva. Dir. I. Povolotskaya. Comp. E. Denisov. USSR, 1977. Cast: L. Durov, A. Demidova, A. Abdulov and others.
A fairy tale about a merchant's daughter and a mysterious flower: Based on the fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower” by S.T. Aksakov. Dir. V.Grammatikov. Comp. A. Muravlev. USSR-Germany-Denmark, 1991. Cast: E. Temnikova, R. Shegurov, L. Ovchinnikova, I. Yasulovich and others.

- CARTOONS -

Scarlet Flower: Based on the fairy tale of the same name by S.T. Aksakov. Scene G.Grebner. Dir. L. Atamanov. Comp. N. Budashkin. USSR, 1952. The roles were voiced by: S. Lukyanov, A. Konsovsky and others.