What is Malevich's black square? Painting "Black Square" by Malevich: the meaning of the painting, description

Culture

Experts have revealed the secret famous work art, discovering two hidden pictures under the work of Kazimir Malevich "Black Square".

The artist himself was puzzled by the end result of his work. " I could neither sleep nor eat, and tried to understand what I had done - but I could not", - he said.

The meaning of the painting "Black Square" by Malevich

The meaning of the "Black Square" was also revealed. Researchers said they were finally able to decipher the inscription on the painting, which is believed to have been made by the artist's hand.

It reads: " Battle of blacks in a dark cave"However, they added that they were almost sure of this, despite the fact that three letters between the “n” and “ov” remained undeciphered.

Apparently this is a link to more early work black square" Battle of blacks in a dark cave late at night " French writer and the humorist Alphonse Allais, written in 1897. If this is so, then Malevich's painting is a kind of dialogue with a French painting.

Kazimir Malevich, who was the founder of geometric abstract art at the beginning of the 20th century, founded the art movement known as Suprematism in 1913.

The painting "Black Square", which is presented in the Tretyakov Gallery, was painted in 1915. Malevich later created two more versions.

The second “Black Square” is a triptych, which also includes “Black Circle” and “Black Cross”.

Kazimir Malevich. Black suprematist square. 1915, Moscow.

Everyone has thought about the paradox of Malevich’s “Black Square”.

You can't think of anything simpler than a black square. There is nothing easier than drawing a black square. Nevertheless, it is recognized as a masterpiece.

If it goes to public auction today, they will be ready to buy it for $140 million!

How did this “misunderstanding” arise? The primitive image is recognized as a masterpiece by all art critics around the world. Did they conspire?

Obviously, there is something special in “Black Square”. Invisible to the average viewer. Let's try to discover this “something”.

1. “Black Square” is not as simple as it seems.

It is only at first glance that it seems that anyone could create such a masterpiece. Both the child and the adult without art education.

A child would not have the patience to paint such a large surface with one color.

But seriously, even an adult could hardly repeat “Black Square”, because not everything in this picture is so simple.

The black square is NOT actually black

The “black square” is not actually a square. Its sides are NOT equal to each other. And opposite sides are NOT parallel to each other.

Besides, “Black Square” is NOT completely black.

Chemical analysis showed that Malevich used three homemade paints. The first is burnt bone. The second is black ocher. And the third is another natural component... dark green. Malevich also mixed in CHALK. To remove the glossy effect inherent oil paints.

That is, the artist did not just take the first one he came across black paint and painted over the drawn square. He spent at least a day preparing materials.

There are four “Black Squares”

If it were a random painting, the artist would not copy it. Over the next 15 years, he created 3 more “Black Squares”.

If you have seen all 4 paintings (two are kept in the Tretyakov Gallery, one in the Russian Museum, one in the Hermitage), then you probably noticed how NOT similar they are.

Yes Yes. Despite their simplicity, they are different. The first “Square” of 1915 is considered the most energetically charged. It's all about the successful selection of shades of black and white, as well as the composition of the paints.

All four paintings are not similar in size or color. One of the “Squares” is larger in size (created in 1923, kept in the Russian Museum). The other one is much blacker. It is the most dull and all-consuming in color (also kept in the Tretyakov Gallery).

Below are all four “Squares”. The difference in reproductions is difficult to understand. But maybe this will inspire you to watch them live!

From left to right: 1.Black square. 1929 79.5 x 79.5 cm. Tretyakov Gallery. 2. Black square. 1930-1932 53.5 x 53.5 cm. 3. Black square. 1923 106 x 106 cm. Russian Museum. 4. Black square. 1915 79.5 x 79.5 cm. Tretyakov Gallery.

“Black Square” closes two more paintings

On the 1915 “Square” you probably noticed cracks (craquelures). The bottom layer of paint is visible through them. These are the colors of another painting. It was written in a proto-Suprematist style. Something like “The Lady at the Lamp Post.”

That's not all. Below it is another image. Already the third in a row. Written in the style of cubo-futurism. This is what this style looks like.

That's why craquelures appeared. The paint layer is too thick.

Why such difficulties? As many as three images on one surface!

Perhaps this is an accident. It happens. The artist gets an idea. He wants to express it right away. But you may not have a canvas at hand. But even if there is canvas, it needs to be prepared and primed. Then insignificant paintings are used. Or those that the artist considers unsuccessful.

The result was a sort of picturesque nesting doll. Evolution. From Cubo-Futurism to Cubo-Suprematism and to pure Suprematism in the “Black Square”.

2. Strong theory of strong personality

“Black Square” was created within the framework of a new direction in painting invented by Malevich. Suprematism. Supreme means “superior.” Since the artist considered it the highest point in the development of painting.

This is a whole school. How . Like academicism. Only this school was created by one person. Kazimir Malevich. He attracted many supporters and followers to his side.

Malevich knew how to speak clearly and charismatically about his brainchild. He zealously campaigned for a complete abandonment of figurativeness. That is, from the image of objects and items. Suprematism is an art that creates, and does not repeat, as the artist said.

If we remove the pathos and look at his theory from the outside, then we cannot help but recognize its greatness. Malevich, as befits a genius, felt which way the wind was blowing.

The time for individual perception was ending. What did this mean? Previously, only a select few admired works of art. Those who owned them. Or he could afford to walk to the museum.

Now the century has come popular culture. When simplified forms and pure colors are important. Malevich understood that art should not lag behind. And maybe even able to lead this movement.

He invented, in fact, a new pictorial language. Commensurate with the coming time that is about to come. And the language has its own alphabet.

The “black square” is the main sign of this alphabet. “Zero forms,” as Malevich said.

Before Malevich, there was another alphabet, invented at the beginning of the 14th century. This alphabet was the basis of all art. This is perspective. Volume. Emotional expressiveness.

Malevich's language is completely different. Simple color forms in which color is assigned a different role. It is not intended to convey nature. And not to create the illusion of volume. It is expressive in its own right.

“Black square” is the main “letter” in the new alphabet. Square because it is the first form. Black color because it absorbs all colors.

Together with the “Black Square” Malevich creates the “Black Cross” and “Black Circle”. Simple elements. But they are also derivatives of the black square.

A circle appears if the square is rotated on a plane. The cross consists of several squares.

Paintings by K. Malevich. Left: Black cross. 1915 Center Pompidou, Paris. Right: Black circle. 1923 Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Paintings by K. Malevich. Left: Black square and red square. 1915 Museum contemporary art, NY. Middle: Suprematist composition. 1916 Private collection. Right: Suprematism. 1916 Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Malevich painted in the style of Suprematism for several years. And then the incredible happened. He denied figurativeness for so long that... he returned to it.

This could be seen as inconsistency. Like, I “played” with a beautiful theory and that’s enough.

In fact, the language he created was hungry for use. Applications in the world of form and nature. And Malevich obediently returned to this world. But he portrayed it using the new language of Suprematism.

Paintings by Kazimir Malevich. Left: Athletes. 1932 Russian Museum. Middle: Red House. 1932 Ibid. Right: Girl with a comb in her hair. 1934 Tretyakov Gallery.

So “Black Square” is not the end of art, as it is sometimes designated. This is the beginning new painting.

Then it came new stage. Language wanted to serve people. And he passed into our lives.

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3. Huge impact on living space

Having created Suprematism, Malevich did everything so that it would not gather dust in museums, but would go to the masses.

He drew sketches of dresses. But during his lifetime he was able to “put them on” only on the heroes of his paintings.

Left: Leningradsky service porcelain factory, created according to sketches by Malevich (1922). Right: a sample of fabric with a design by Malevich (1919).

Malevich’s supporters began to speak the language of the “Black Square”. The most famous of them is El Lissitzky, who invented printing fonts as well as new design books.

He was inspired by the theory of Suprematism and Malevich’s “Black Square”.

Designing books like this seems natural to us. But only because Malevich’s style has firmly entered our lives.

Our contemporaries, designers, architects and fashion designers do not hide the fact that all their lives they have drawn inspiration from the works of Malevich. Among them is one of the most famous architects, Zaha Hadid (1950-2016).

Left: Dominion Tower. Architect: Zaha Hadid. Construction 2005-2015 Moscow (metro station Dubrovka). In the center: Table “Malevich”. Alberto Lievore. 2016 Spain. Right: Gabrielo Colangelo. Spring-summer 2013 collection

4. Why “Black Square” is puzzling and why it is still a masterpiece

Almost every viewer tries to understand Malevich using the familiar language of natural images. The same one that Giotto invented and which was developed artists of the Renaissance.

Many people try to evaluate “Black Square” using inappropriate criteria. Like it or not. Beautiful - not beautiful. Realistic - not realistic.

Awkwardness sets in. Discouragement. Because “Black Square” remains deaf to such assessments. What remains? Only condemn or ridicule.

Daub. Nonsense. “The child can draw better” or “I can do that too” and so on.

Then it will become clear why this is a masterpiece. It is impossible to evaluate “Black Square” on its own. But only together with the space it serves.

PS.

Malevich was famous during his lifetime. But he did not receive any material benefit from this. Going to an exhibition in Paris in 1929, he asked the authorities to let him go there... on foot. Because he didn’t have money for the trip.

The authorities realized that Comrade Malevich, who came to Europe on his own two feet, would undermine their authority. Therefore, 40 rubles were allocated for the trip.

True, after 2 weeks he was urgently called back by telegram. And upon arrival he was immediately arrested. By denunciation. Like a German spy.

The painting was part of a triptych

The painting was part of a triptych that also included “Black Circle” and “Black Cross”. There were other works by the author at the exhibition (about three dozen), but, of course, they were all lost against the background of the “Black Square”: the scandalous canvas hung in the most prominent place - according to the principle of the “red” corner, where icons were placed in the huts. Naturally, many perceived the picture as a challenge to Orthodoxy and an anti-Christian gesture.

The creation of the “Black Square” was preceded by a period of experiments and searches

The creation of the “Black Square” was preceded by a period of experiments and searches. The Russian avant-garde was torn apart by numerous new artistic directions. Malevich worked simultaneously in cubism, futurism and “abstruse realism” until he reached Suprematism. The latter's method was to look at the earth from the outside. Therefore, in Suprematist paintings, as in outer space, the idea of ​​“top” and “bottom”, “left” and “right” disappears, and independent world, correlated as equal with universal world harmony.

The image of the black square as a symbol first appeared in Matyushin’s opera

The image of the black square as a symbol first appeared in Matyushin’s opera “Victory over the Sun,” for which Malevich created sketches of the scenery and costumes. Then the image meant a plastic expression of the victory of active human creativity over the passive form of nature: a black square appeared instead of a solar circle.

A scene from the production of “Victory over the Sun” - a reconstruction performed by the Stas Namin Theater

Later, for the exhibition “0.10” at the Art Bureau of N. E. Dobychina, Malevich used the image of a black square to create a painting. The artists were given the opportunity to exhibit many works. Malevich’s friend Ivan Puni wrote to him: “I need to write a lot now. The room is very large, and if we, 10 people, paint 25 paintings, then it will only be possible.” Malevich signed 39 canvases, which occupied a separate room.

Of course, as often happens, in addition to official version creating a picture, there are stories. So, Malevich allegedly did not have time to finish the painting for the exhibition, and therefore rashly covered it up by painting a black square. At that moment, one of his friends came into the studio and, seeing the painting, shouted: “Brilliant!” Whether this is true or not, we will never know.

By the way, recent research by specialists Tretyakov Gallery they say that under the black square there are colored geometric figures that are complexly connected to each other. Having taken an x-ray of the painting, the experts also saw Malevich’s fingerprints on the canvas (which is natural) and three words, two of which were read by museum staff as “Battle of the Negroes...”, the third is difficult to make out. The phrase refers to the famous monochrome painting by Alphonse Allais, “The Battle of the Negroes in a Cave in the Dead of Night,” created in 1882, a work that Malevich had never seen.

What was discovered under"Hblack square«

Malevich made several copies of “Black Square”

Subsequently, Malevich made several copies of “Black Square”. Now, in addition to the original from 1915, three more variants are known, differing in design, texture and color. The first copy was made in 1923 for the Venice Biennale (now kept in the Russian Museum), the second - in 1929 for Malevich’s personal exhibition at the Tretyakov Gallery.

The third option became the hero mysterious story. It was probably written in 1932, but it was not known then. Information about the painting first appeared in 1993, when a person whose name remains unknown brought the painting to the Samara branch of Inkombank as collateral for a loan. Subsequently, the owner did not claim the canvas, and it became the property of the bank. After the collapse of Inkombank in 1998, Malevich’s painting became the main asset in settlements with creditors. By agreement with the Russian government, “Black Square” was removed from open bidding, acquired by Vladimir Potanin and transferred to the Hermitage.

By the way, there are two more basic Suprematist squares - red and white. The artist argued: “The Suprematist three squares are the establishment of certain worldviews and world-building... black as a sign of economy, red as a signal of revolution, and white as pure action.”

"Red Square"

Malevich's funeral in 1935 was a performance

Malevich's funeral in 1935 was a kind of performance. At the civil memorial service in Leningrad, a “Black Square” hung at the head of the coffin; the body was covered with white canvas with a black square sewn on it. A “Black Square” was painted on the coffin lid from the side of the head. During the funeral procession along Nevsky Prospekt, the Suprematist sarcophagus was installed on the open platform of a truck with a black square on the hood. On the carriage of the train transporting Malevich's coffin to Moscow, a black square was painted on a white background. At the civil memorial service in the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow, the “Black Square” was mounted on a podium among flowers.

Malevich's daughter Una and widow Natalya Andreevna at the artist's grave in Nemchinovka

Malevich bequeathed to bury his ashes surrounded by nature, in open space. The Suprematist coffin was sent by train to Moscow, where Malevich was cremated. His ashes were buried in a field near the village of Nemchinovka. Instead of the monument, a white wooden cube with the image of a black square was installed. To the Great Patriotic War the grave disappeared, and now a residential complex has been built on that site.

The future artist was born in 1878 in Kyiv into a family of immigrants from Poland. Malevich received his education first at the Kyiv Drawing Studio, and then at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. In addition, for several years he attended art studio F. Rerberg.

The first known mention of the works of Kazimir Malevich is associated with the 14th exhibition of the Moscow Partnership in 1907, where 2 sketches of the artist were presented. He also participated in the exhibitions “Jack of Diamonds”, the First Moscow Salon, “Union”, “ donkey tail», « Contemporary painting».

In just 10 years from 1903 to 1913, the artist went from impressionism and symbolism to Russian Fauvism - primitivism and further - to Cubo-Futurism and Suprematism.

Kazimir Malevich acted as a theorist of new trends in art in the brochure “From Cubism and Futurism to Suprematism” (1915). Behind a short time it went through 3 editions.

Beginning in the 1910s, the work of Kazimir Malevich became a kind of “testing ground” where new painting possibilities were tested and honed. The search went to different directions, but the artist’s main achievement in these years was a cycle of paintings, which brought Malevich great popularity. It's wide famous paintings“Cow and”, “Aviator”, “An Englishman in Moscow”, “Portrait of Ivan Klyun”. In them the artist demonstrated new way organization of the space of a painting, unknown to the French Cubists.

“Black Square” - a brilliant picture or quackery?

In mid-1915, having painted more than 39 paintings, consistent with the principles of cubism, but gravitating towards non-objectivity, Malevich gave the name of the new painting - Suprematism. The manifesto of this artistic movement was the famous “Black Square,” which was demonstrated in 1915 at the last Futurist exhibition. It is this painting, in the opinion of the artist himself, that should be the beginning of the end of “visible, objective painting.” In his brochure, Malevich proclaimed Suprematism the beginning new culture.
“Black Square” and other Suprematist paintings by the artist are compositions where the main image is of geometric figures on a neutral-colored background. These works completely lack even the slightest hint of materiality. Nevertheless, Malevich’s works are distinguished by a certain natural harmony, which appears on a “cosmic” level.

Currently, three versions of the painting “Black Square”, painted by Kazimir Malevich, are known.

Writing the simplest geometric figure(square), using basic colors - black and white - has been exciting minds and heated debate for almost a hundred years.

Many researchers have tried and are still trying to unravel the mystery of this painting. Interpretations of this painting by Malevich are extremely contradictory - from a gloomy revelation of a brilliant artist to an example of wretchedness, from an artificially inflated fetish behind which there is absolutely no secret, to a Jewish symbol, and even an act of self-affirmation of the satanic principle.

Be that as it may, Malevich created a great canvas that, like a magnet, attracts lovers and specialists of painting.

Paintings by this artist are sold at auctions for incredible amounts of money; galleries stand in line and fight for the right to display his paintings in their halls. He is a recognized genius all over the world. Meanwhile, regarding his most famous painting, every second person who saw it remarked with bewilderment and a sarcastic grin: “I’m also an artist!” The painting is called “Black Square”, its author is Kazimir Malevich. So what's the deal?

Much has been written about this scientific works, a bunch of dissertations have been defended on this material, thick books have been published, but all this information is intended for a rather narrow circle of initiates and those interested. And the fact that everyone, without exception, including skeptics, sees the products of this artist’s work around them every day and uses them is a secret for the vast majority.

Before Malevich, there was a different visual language in painting. Color has always been tied to form. Using a color palette, the artist conveyed thoughts, emotions, and mood through the chosen plot.

The idea that color has independent content, an energetic effect on the mental, physical, emotional condition man came to Malevich as an inspiration when he was painting the scenery for the play. The artist felt the self-sufficiency of the black square depicted at the back of the stage.

This was the beginning new era in painting. Malevich created a new artistic alphabet, which had wide scope applications - medical, energetic, psychological. He studied the influence of color forms (black square, red cross, white circle) on the human condition, on his health, psyche, and suggested new language for a new time.

Malevich discovered that White color, for example, increases pain and its use in hospitals is dangerous for patients, red is stimulating, green is calming, and orange sharpens attention. Bright jackets for road workers are Malevich's invention.

The use of color in the interior depending on the impact on the human psyche is now self-evident and seems to have always been the case. In fact, this is a discovery, a result painstaking work and an in-depth study of the great artist.

What was once recognized as outstanding and remains so according to experts deserves a closer and more benevolent look. And condescending irony in relation to real discoveries is a consequence of superficial judgment. One has only to be more attentive and curious, and amazing truths will be revealed to an interested eye.

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Is the famous painting by Kazimir Malevich quackery or an encrypted philosophical message?

The famous painting divided not only the artist’s life, but also the history of art into two periods.

On the one hand, you don’t have to be a great artist to draw a black square on a white background. Yes, anyone can do this! But here’s the mystery: “Black Square” is the most famous painting in the world. Already 100 years have passed since it was written, and disputes and heated discussions do not stop.

Why is this happening? What is the true meaning and value of Malevich’s “Black Square”? website tried to figure it out.

1. “Black square” is a dark rectangle

Let's start with the fact that “Black Square” is not black at all and not square at all: none of the sides of the quadrangle is parallel to any of its other sides and to any of the sides of the square frame that frames the picture. A dark color- this is the result of mixing various colors, among which there was no black. It is believed that this was not the author’s negligence, but a principled position, the desire to create a dynamic, moving form.

Kazimir Malevich "Black Suprematist Square", 1915.

2. “Black Square” is a failed painting

For the futuristic exhibition “0.10”, which opened in St. Petersburg on December 19, 1915, Malevich had to paint several paintings. Time was already running out, and the artist either did not have time to finish the painting for the exhibition, or was not happy with the result and rashly covered it up, painting a black square. At that moment, one of his friends came into the studio and, seeing the painting, shouted: “Brilliant!” After which Malevich decided to take advantage of the opportunity and came up with a certain higher meaning to your “Black Square”.

Hence the effect of cracked paint on the surface. There is no mysticism, the picture just didn’t work out.

Attempts were made repeatedly to examine the canvas to find original version under the top layer. However, scientists, critics and art historians believe that irreparable damage may be caused to the masterpiece, and in every possible way prevent further examinations.

3. “Black square” is a multi-colored cube

Kazimir Malevich has repeatedly stated that the painting was created by him under the influence of the unconscious, a kind of “cosmic consciousness”. Some argue that only the square in the “Black Square” is seen by people with underdeveloped imagination. If, when considering this picture, you go beyond the framework of traditional perception, beyond the visible, you will understand that in front of you is not a black square, but colorful cube.

The secret meaning embedded in the “Black Square” can then be formulated as follows: the world around us, only at the first, superficial glance, looks flat and black and white. If a person perceives the world in volume and in all its colors, his life will change dramatically. Millions of people, who, according to them, were instinctively drawn to this picture, subconsciously felt the volume and multi-colored “Black Square”.

Black color absorbs all other colors, so it is quite difficult to see a multi-colored cube in a black square. And to see the white behind the black, the truth behind the lies, life behind death is many times more difficult. But the one who manages to do this will discover a great philosophical formula.

4. “Black Square” is a riot in art

At the time the painting appeared in Russia, there was a dominance of artists of the Cubist school. Cubism reached its apogee, all the artists were already quite fed up, and new artistic directions began to appear. One of these trends was Malevich’s Suprematism and the “Black Suprematist Square” as its vivid embodiment. The term "suprematism" comes from the Latin suprem, which means “dominance, superiority of color over all other properties of painting.” Suprematist paintings are non-objective painting, an act of “pure creativity”.

At the same time, the “Black Circle” and “Black Cross” were created and exhibited at the same exhibition, representing the three main elements of the Suprematist system. Later, two more Suprematist squares were created - red and white.

"Black Square", "Black Circle" and "Black Cross".

Suprematism became one of the central phenomena of the Russian avant-garde. Many have experienced his influence talented artists. Rumor has it that Picasso lost interest in cubism after he saw Malevich’s “Square”.

5. “Black Square” is an example of brilliant PR

Kazimir Malevich understood the essence of the future of modern art: it doesn’t matter what, the main thing is how to present and sell.

Artists have been experimenting with the color “all black” since the 17th century. First tight black work art entitled "The Great Darkness" was painted by Robert Fludd in 1617, followed in 1843 by Bertal and his work "View of La Hougue (under the cover of night)". More than 200 years later. And then almost without interruption - “The Twilight History of Russia” by Gustave Doré in 1854, “Night Fight of Negroes in the Cellar” by Paul Bealhold in 1882, and completely plagiarized - “Battle of Negroes in a Cave in the Dead of Night” by Alphonse Allais. And only in 1915 Kazimir Malevich presented his “Black Suprematist Square” to the public. And it is his painting that is known to everyone, while others are known only to art historians. The extravagant trick made Malevich famous throughout the centuries.

Subsequently, Malevich painted at least 4 versions of his “Black Square”, differing in design, texture and color, in the hope of repeating and increasing the success of the painting.

6. “Black Square” is a political move

Kazimir Malevich was a subtle strategist and skillfully adapted to the changing situation in the country. Numerous "black squares" painted by other artists during Tsarist Russia, and remained unnoticed. In 1915, Malevich’s “Square” acquired a completely new meaning, relevant to its time: the artist offered revolutionary art for the benefit of a new people and a new era.
"Square" to art in its the usual understanding has almost nothing to do with it. The very fact of its writing is a declaration of the end traditional art. A cultural Bolshevik, Malevich met the new government halfway, and the government believed him. Before Stalin's arrival, Malevich held honorary positions and successfully rose to the rank of People's Commissar of Fine Arts of the People's Commissariat for Education.

7. “Black square” is a refusal of content

The painting marked a clear transition to awareness of the role of formalism in fine arts. Formalism is the rejection of literal content in favor of artistic form. An artist, when painting a picture, thinks not so much in terms of “context” and “content”, but rather in terms of “balance”, “perspective”, “dynamic tension”. What Malevich admitted and his contemporaries did not recognize is factual for contemporary artists and “just a square” for everyone else.

Art has outlived its usefulness, and many critics agree that after “Black Square” nothing outstanding was created. Most artists of the twentieth century lost inspiration, many were in prison, exile or emigration.

“Black Square” is total emptiness, a black hole, death. They say that Malevich, having written “Black Square”, for a long time told everyone that he could neither eat nor sleep. And he himself doesn’t understand what he did. Subsequently, he wrote 5 volumes of philosophical reflections on the topic of art and existence.

10. “Black Square” is quackery

Charlatans successfully fool the public into believing something that is not actually there. They declare those who do not believe them to be stupid, backward, and uncomprehending dullards who are inaccessible to the lofty and beautiful. This is called the "naked king effect." Everyone is ashamed to say that this is bullshit, because they will laugh.

And the most primitive design - a square - can be attributed to any deep meaning, the scope for human imagination is limitless. Not understanding what the great meaning of “Black Square” is, many people find themselves having to invent it for themselves, so that they have something to admire when looking at the picture.

The painting, painted by Malevich in 1915, remains perhaps the most discussed painting in Russian painting. For some, “Black Square” is a rectangular trapezoid, but for others it is a deep philosophical message that is encrypted great artist. In the same way, looking at a piece of sky in a square window, everyone thinks about their own. What were you thinking?