Brief biography of Schubert. General characteristics of Schubert's work

A beautiful star in the famous galaxy that gave birth to the fertile musical geniuses Austrian land - Franz Schubert. An eternally young romantic who suffered a lot during his short life life path, who managed to express all his deep feelings in music and taught listeners to love such “not ideal”, “not exemplary” (classical) music, full of mental torment. One of the brightest founders of musical romanticism.

short biography

The biography of Franz Schubert is one of the shortest in world musical culture. Having lived only 31 years, he left behind a bright trail, similar to what remains after a comet. Born to be another one Viennese classic, Schubert, due to the suffering and hardships he endured, brought deep personal experiences into his music. This is how romanticism was born. Strict classical rules, recognizing only exemplary restraint, symmetry and calm consonances, were replaced by protest, explosive rhythms, expressive melodies full of genuine feelings, and intense harmonies.

He was born in poor family school teacher. His fate was predetermined - to continue his father’s craft; neither fame nor success was expected here. However, at an early age he showed high abilities for music. Having received the first music lessons V home, he continued his studies at the parish school, and then at the Vienna Konvikt - a closed boarding school for singers at the church.

The order in the educational institution was similar to that in the army - students had to rehearse for hours and then perform concerts. Franz later recalled with horror the years he spent there; he became disillusioned with church dogma for a long time, although he turned to spiritual genre in his work (wrote 6 masses). Famous " Ave Maria", without which not a single Christmas is complete, and which is most often associated with in a wonderful way The Virgin Mary was actually intended by Schubert as a romantic ballad based on the poems of Walter Scott (translated into German).

He was a very talented student, his teachers refused him with the words: “God taught him, I have nothing to do with him.” His first experiments as a composer began at the age of 13, and from the age of 15, maestro Antonio Salieri himself began studying counterpoint and composition with him.

He was expelled from the choir of the Court Chapel (“Hofsengecnabe”) after his voice began to break . During this period, it was time to decide on the choice of profession. My father insisted on entering a teachers' seminary. The prospects for working as a musician were very vague, and working as a teacher one could at least be confident in the future. Franz gave in, studied and even managed to work at school for 4 years.

But all the activities and structure of life then did not correspond to spiritual impulses young man– all his thoughts were only about music. He composed in his free time and played a lot of music with a small circle of friends. And one day I decided to leave permanent job and devote himself to music. It was a serious step - to refuse a guaranteed, albeit modest, income and doom yourself to hunger.

The first love coincided with this same moment. The feeling was reciprocal - young Teresa Grob was clearly expecting a marriage proposal, but it never came. Franz's income was not enough for his own existence, not to mention the maintenance of his family. He remained alone, his music career never developed. Unlike virtuoso pianists Liszt And Chopin, Schubert did not have bright performing skills, and could not gain fame as a performer. He was denied the position of bandmaster in Laibach, which he had hoped for, and he never received any other serious offers.

Publishing his works brought him virtually no money. Publishers were very reluctant to publish works by a little-known composer. As they would say now, it was not “promoted” for the masses. Sometimes he was invited to perform in small salons, whose members felt more bohemian than truly interested in his music. Schubert's small circle of friends supported the young composer financially.

But by and large, Schubert almost never performed for large audiences. He never heard applause after any successful ending to a work; he did not feel which of his compositional “techniques” the audience most often responded to. Didn’t consolidate his success in subsequent works - after all, he didn’t have to think about how to put the big one back together concert hall so that they buy tickets, so that he himself is remembered, etc.

In fact, all his music is an endless monologue with the subtlest reflection of a man mature beyond his years. There is no dialogue with the public, no attempt to please and impress. It's all very intimate, even intimate in a sense. And filled with endless sincerity of feelings. Deep experiences of his earthly loneliness, deprivation, and the bitterness of defeat filled his thoughts every day. And, finding no other way out, they poured out into creativity.

After meeting the opera and chamber singer Johann Michael Vogl, things went a little better. The artist performed Schubert's songs and ballads in Viennese salons, and Franz himself acted as an accompanist. Performed by Vogl, Schubert's songs and romances quickly gained popularity. In 1825, they undertook a joint tour of upper Austria. In provincial cities they were greeted willingly and with delight, but they failed to earn money again. How to become famous.

Already in the early 1820s, Franz began to worry about his health. It is reliably known that he contracted the disease after a visit to a woman, and this added disappointment to this side of his life. After minor improvements, the disease progressed and the immune system weakened. Even common colds were difficult for him to bear. And in the fall of 1828, he fell ill with typhoid fever, from which he died on November 19, 1828.

Unlike Mozart, Schubert was buried in a separate grave. True, such a magnificent funeral had to be paid for with money from the sale of his piano, bought after his only big concert. Recognition came to him posthumously, and much later - several decades later. The fact is that the bulk of the works in musical form were kept by friends, relatives, or in some closets as unnecessary. Known for his forgetfulness, Schubert never kept a catalog of his works (like Mozart), nor did he try to somehow systematize them or at least keep them in one place.

Franz Schubert was born in 1797, on the outskirts of Vienna, in the family of a school teacher.

The boy's musical abilities were revealed too early, and he was already early childhood With the help of his father and older brother, he learned to play the piano and violin.

Thanks to the kind voice of eleven-year-old Franz, he was able to get accepted into a closed music school that served the court church. A five-year stay there gave Schubert the basics of general and musical education. Already at school, Schubert created a lot, and his abilities were noticed by outstanding musicians.

But life in this school was a burden for Schubert due to a half-starved existence and the inability to devote himself entirely to writing music. In 1813, he left school and returned home, but it was impossible to live on his father’s means, and soon Schubert took the position of teacher, his father’s assistant at the school.

With difficulties, after working at the school for three years, he left it, and this led Schubert to break with his father. The father was against his son leaving the service and taking up music, because the profession of a musician at that time did not provide either a proper position in society or material well-being. But until then, Schubert’s talent turned out to be so bright that he could not do anything other than musical creativity.

When he was 16-17 years old, he wrote his first symphony, and then such wonderful songs as “Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel” and “The Forest King” based on Goethe’s text. During his years as a teacher (1814-1817), he wrote a lot of chamber and instrumental music and about three hundred songs.

After breaking up with his father, Schubert moved to Vienna. He lived there in great need, did not have his own corner, but took turns staying with his friends - Viennese poets, artists, musicians, often poor people like himself. His need sometimes reached the point that he could not buy anything music paper, and he was forced to write down his works on scraps of newspapers, on table menus, etc. But such an existence had little effect on his mood, which was usually cheerful and cheerful.

In Schubert's work, “romance” combines fun, cheerfulness with melancholic-sad moods that sometimes occur. to darkly tragic hopelessness.

It was a time of political reaction, the inhabitants of Vienna tried to forget themselves and turn away from the gloomy mood caused by heavy political oppression, they had a lot of fun, had fun and danced.

A circle of young artists, writers, and musicians grouped around Schubert. During parties and out-of-town walks, he wrote a lot of waltzes, ländlers and eco-sesuses. But these “schubertiadies” were not limited to just entertainment. In this circle, issues of socio-political life were passionately discussed, disappointment with the surrounding reality was expressed, protests and discontent against the then reactionary regime were heard, and feelings of anxiety and disappointment were brewing. Along with this, there were also strong optimistic views, a cheerful mood, and faith in the future. All life and creative path Schubert was full of contradictions, which were so characteristic of the romantic artists of that era.

With the exception of a minor period when Schubert reconciled with his father and lived with his family, the composer's life was very difficult. In addition to material needs, Schubert was suppressed by his position in society as a musician. His music was not known, it was not understood, and creativity was not encouraged.

Schubert created very quickly and a lot, but during his life almost nothing was published or performed.

Most of his works remained in manuscript and were discovered many years after his death. For example, one of the most popular and beloved symphonic works now - the "unfinished symphony" - was never performed during his lifetime and was first revealed 37 years after Schubert's death, as were many other works. But the need to hear own works he had such a large one that he specially wrote male quartets on spiritual texts, which his brother could perform with his singers in the church where he served as regent.

Franz Peter Schubert was born on January 31, 1797 in a suburb of Vienna. His musical abilities manifested themselves quite early. He received his first music lessons at home. He was taught to play the violin by his father, and the piano by his older brother.

At the age of six, Franz Peter entered the parish school of Lichtenthal. The future composer had an amazing beautiful voice. Thanks to this, at the age of 11 he was accepted as a “singing boy” in the capital court chapel.

Until 1816, Schubert studied for free with A. Salieri. He learned the basics of composition and counterpoint.

Composer's talent was already evident in adolescence. Studying the biography of Franz Schubert , you should know that in the period from 1810 to 1813. he created several songs, piano pieces, a symphony and an opera.

Mature years

The path to art began with Schubert’s acquaintance with baritone I.M. Foglem. He performed several songs by the aspiring composer, and they quickly gained popularity. The first serious success for the young composer came from Goethe’s ballad “The Forest King,” which he set to music.

January 1818 was marked by the publication of the musician's first composition.

The composer's short biography was eventful. He met and became friends with A. Hüttenbrenner, I. Mayrhofer, A. Milder-Hauptmann. Being devoted fans of the musician’s work, they often helped him with money.

In July 1818, Schubert left for Zheliz. His teaching experience allowed him to get a job as a music teacher for Count I. Esterhazy. In the second half of November the musician returned to Vienna.

Features of creativity

Getting to know short biography Schubert , you should know that he was primarily known as a songwriter. Music collections to the poems of W. Muller are of great importance in vocal literature.

Songs from the composer's latest collection, “Swan Song,” have become famous throughout the world. An analysis of Schubert's work shows that he was brave and original musician. He did not follow the road blazed by Beethoven, but chose his own path. This is especially noticeable in the piano quintet “Trout”, as well as in the B minor “Unfinished Symphony”.

Schubert left many church works. Of these, Mass No. 6 in E-flat major has gained the most popularity.

Illness and death

1823 was marked by the election of Schubert as an honorary member of the musical unions in Linz and Styria. The brief biography of the musician states that he applied for the position of court conductor. But it went to J. Weigl.

Schubert's only public concert took place on March 26, 1828. It was a huge success and brought him a small fee. Works for piano and songs by the composer were published.

Schubert died of typhoid fever in November 1828. He was less than 32 years old. For my short life the musician was able to do the most important thing – realize your amazing gift.

Chronological table

Other biography options

• More for a long time After the death of the musician, no one could put together all his manuscripts. Some of them were lost forever.
• One of interesting facts is that most of his works began to be published only at the end of the 20th century. In terms of the number of works created, Schubert is often compared with

At the age of eleven, Franz was accepted into the Konvict - the court chapel, where, in addition to singing, he studied playing many instruments and music theory (under the guidance of Antonio Salieri). Leaving the chapel in the city, Schubert got a job as a teacher at a school. He studied mainly Gluck, Mozart and Beethoven. He wrote his first independent works - the opera "Satan's Pleasure Castle" and the Mass in F major - in the city.

Why didn't Schubert complete the symphony?

Sometimes it is difficult for an ordinary person to understand the lifestyle that creative people lead: writers, composers, artists. Their work is of a different kind than that of artisans or accountants.

Franz Schubert, an Austrian composer, lived only 31 years, but wrote more than 600 songs, many beautiful symphonies and sonatas, and a large number of choirs and chamber music. He worked very hard.

But the publishers of his music paid him little. The lack of money haunted him all the time.

The exact date when Schubert composed the Eighth Symphony in B minor (Unfinished) is unknown. It was dedicated to the musical society of Austria, and Schubert presented two parts of it in 1824.

The manuscript lay there for more than 40 years until a Viennese conductor discovered it and performed it at a concert.

It has always remained a mystery to Schubert himself why he did not complete the Eighth Symphony. It seems that he was determined to bring it to its logical conclusion, the first scherzos were completely finished, and the rest were discovered in sketches. From this point of view, the “Unfinished” symphony is a completely finished work, since the circle of images and their development exhausts itself within two parts.

Essays

Octet. Schubert's autograph.

• Operas- Alfonso and Estrella (1822; staged 1854, Weimar), Fierabras (1823; staged 1897, Karlsruhe), 3 unfinished, including Count von Gleichen, etc.;
• Singspiel(7), including Claudina von Villa Bella (on a text by Goethe, 1815, the first of 3 acts has been preserved; production 1978, Vienna), The Twin Brothers (1820, Vienna), The Conspirators, or Home War (1823; production 1861, Frankfurt am Main);
• Music for plays- The Magic Harp (1820, Vienna), Rosamund, Princess of Cyprus (1823, ibid.);
• For soloists, choir and orchestra- 7 masses (1814-28), German Requiem (1818), Magnificat (1815), offertories and other wind works, oratorios, cantatas, incl. Victory song Miriam (1828);
• For orchestra- symphonies (1813; 1815; 1815; Tragic, 1816; 1816; Small C major, 1818; 1821, unfinished; Unfinished, 1822; Major C major, 1828), 8 overtures;
• Chamber instrumental ensembles- 4 sonatas (1816-17), fantasy (1827) for violin and piano; sonata for arpeggione and piano (1824), 2 piano trios (1827, 1828?), 2 string trios (1816, 1817), 14 or 16 string quartets (1811-26), Trout piano quintet (1819?), string quintet ( 1828), octet for strings and winds (1824), etc.;
• For piano 2 hands- 23 sonatas (including 6 unfinished; 1815-28), fantasy (Wanderer, 1822, etc.), 11 impromptu (1827-28), 6 musical moments (1823-28), rondo, variations and others plays, over 400 dances (waltzes, landlers, German dances, minuets, ecosaises, gallops, etc.; 1812-27);
• For piano 4 hands- sonatas, overtures, fantasies, Hungarian divertissement (1824), rondos, variations, polonaises, marches, etc.;
• Vocal ensembles for male, female voices and mixed compositions with and without accompaniment;
• Songs for voice and piano, (more than 600) including the cycles The Beautiful Miller's Wife (1823) and Winter's Journey (1827), the collection Swan Song (1828).

see also

• Famous art critic Mikhail Kazinik about Schubert, film “Ad Libitum”

Bibliography

• Konen V. Schubert. - ed. 2nd, add. - M.: Muzgiz, 1959. - 304 p. (Most suitable for an initial introduction to the life and work of Schubert)
• Wulfius P. Franz Schubert: Essays on Life and Work. - M.: Muzyka, 1983. - 447 pp., ill., notes. (Seven essays on the life and work of Schubert. Contains the most detailed index of Schubert’s works in Russian)
• Khokhlov Yu. N. Schubert's songs: Features of style. - M.: Music, 1987. - 302 pp., notes. (Under investigation creative method Sh. based on the material of his songs, gives a description of his songwriting. Contains a list of more than 130 titles of works about Schubert and his songwriting)
• Alfred Einstein: Schubert. Ein musikalisches Portrit, Pan-Verlag, Zrich 1952 (als E-Book frei verfügbar bei http://www.musikwissenschaft.tu-berlin.de/wi)
• Peter Gülke: Franz Schubert und seine Zeit, Laaber-Verlag, Laaber 2002, ISBN 3-89007-537-1
• Peter Härtling: Schubert. 12 moments musicaux und ein Roman, Dtv, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-423-13137-3
• Ernst Hilmar: Franz Schubert, Rowohlt, Reinbek 2004, ISBN 3-499-50608-4
• Kreissle, "Franz Schubert" (Vienna, 1861);
• Von Helborn, "Franz Schubert";
• Rissé, "Franz Schubert und seine Lieder" (Hannover, 1871);
• Aug. Reissmann, “Franz Schubert, sein Leben und seine Werke” (B., 1873);
• H. Barbedette, "F. Schubert, sa vie, ses oeuvres, son temps" (P., 1866);
• Mme A. Audley, “Franz Schubert, sa vie et ses oeuvres” (P., 1871).

Links

• Schubert's Catalog of Works, Unfinished Eighth Symphony (English)
• NOTES (!)118.126MB, PDF format Complete collection of Schubert's vocal works in 7 parts in Music archive Boris Tarakanov
• Franz Schubert: Sheet music of works at the International Music Score Library Project

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• 2010.
• Franz von Sickingen

Franz von Hipper

See what "Franz Schubert" is in other dictionaries: Franz Schubert (disambiguation)

(3917) Franz Schubert- This term has other meanings, see Franz Schubert (meanings). (3917) Franz Schubert Discovery Discoverer Freimut Borngen (English) Date of discovery February 15, 1961 Eponym Franz Schubert ... Wikipedia

Franz Peter Schubert- Franz Peter Schubert Lithograph by Joseph Kriehuber Date of birth January 31, 1797 Place of birth Vienna Date of death ... Wikipedia

Biography, life story of Schubert Franz Peter

Introduction

Schubert lived only thirty-one years. He died exhausted physically and mentally, exhausted by failures in life. None of the composer's nine symphonies were performed during his lifetime. Of the six hundred songs, about two hundred were published, and of the two dozen piano sonatas, only three.

Schubert was not alone in his dissatisfaction with the life around him. This dissatisfaction and protest of the best people of society were reflected in a new direction in art - romanticism. Schubert was one of the first Romantic composers.

Childhood and youth

Franz Schubert was born on January 31, 1797 in the Vienna suburb of Lichtenthal. His father Franz Theodor Schubert, a school teacher, came from a peasant family. Mother Elizabeth Schubert (nee Fitz) was the daughter of a mechanic. The family loved music very much and constantly organized musical evenings. His father played the cello, and Franz's brothers played various instruments.

Having discovered little Franz's musical abilities, his father and older brother Ignatz began to teach him to play the violin and piano. Soon the boy was able to take part in home performances of string quartets, playing the viola part. Franz had a wonderful voice. He sang in the church choir, performing difficult solo parts. The father was pleased with his son's success. When Franz was eleven years old, he was assigned to the konvikt, a training school for church singers.

Situation educational institution favored the development musical abilities boy. In the school student orchestra, he played in the first violin group, and sometimes even served as conductor. The orchestra's repertoire was varied. Schubert met symphonic works various genres (symphonies, overtures), quartets, vocal compositions. He admitted to his friends that the G minor symphony shocked him. Music became a high example for him.

CONTINUED BELOW

Over time, the rapid development of Franz's musical talent began to cause concern in his father. Knowing well how difficult the path of musicians was, even world famous ones, the father wanted to protect his son from a similar fate. As punishment for his excessive passion for music, he even forbade him to holidays be at home. But no prohibitions could delay the development of the boy’s talent.

Schubert decided to break with the convict. Throw away boring and unnecessary textbooks, forget about worthless cramming that drains your heart and mind, and go free. Give yourself entirely to music, live only by it and for its sake.

On October 28, 1813, he completed his first symphony in D major. On the last sheet of the score, Schubert wrote: "The End and the End". The end of the symphony and the end of the convict.

For three years he served as an assistant teacher, teaching children literacy and other elementary subjects. But his attraction to music and his desire to compose is becoming stronger. One can only be amazed at the resilience of his creative nature. It was during these years of school hard labor, from 1814 to 1817, when it seemed that everything was against him, that he created an amazing number of works. In 1815 alone, Schubert wrote 144 songs, 4 operas, 2 symphonies, 2 masses, 2 piano sonatas, and a string quartet. Among the creations of this period there are many that are illuminated by the unfading flame of genius. These are the Tragic and Fifth B-flat major symphonies, as well as the songs “Rosochka”, “Margarita at the Spinning Wheel”, “The Forest Tsar”.

“Margarita at the Spinning Wheel” is a monodrama, a confession of the soul. “The Forest King” is a drama with several actors. They have their own characters, sharply different from each other, their own actions, completely dissimilar, their own aspirations, opposing and hostile, their own feelings, incompatible and polar.

The story behind the creation of this masterpiece is amazing. It arose in a fit of inspiration.

"One day, - recalled Shpaun, a friend of the composer, - we went to see Schubert, who was then living with his father. We found our friend in the greatest excitement. With a book in his hand, he walked back and forth around the room, reading aloud “The King of the Forest.” Suddenly he sat down at the table and began to write. When he stood up, the magnificent ballad was ready.".

Living for the music

The father's desire to make his son a teacher with a small but reliable income failed. The young composer firmly decided to devote himself to music and left teaching at school. He was not afraid of a quarrel with his father. The entire subsequent short life of Schubert represents a creative feat. Experiencing great material need and deprivation, he worked tirelessly, creating one work after another.

Financial adversity, unfortunately, prevented him from marrying his beloved girl. Teresa Grob sang in the church choir. From the very first rehearsals, Schubert noticed her, although she was inconspicuous. Blonde-haired, with whitish eyebrows, as if faded in the sun, and a grainy face, like most dull blondes, she did not sparkle with beauty at all. Rather, on the contrary - at first glance she seemed ugly. Traces of smallpox were clearly visible on her round face.

But as soon as the music sounded, the colorless face was transformed. It had just been extinguished and therefore lifeless. Now, illuminated by an inner light, it lived and radiated.

No matter how accustomed Schubert was to the callousness of fate, he did not imagine that fate would treat him so cruelly. “Happy is he who finds a true friend. Even happier is he who finds it in his wife.", he wrote in his diary.

However, the dreams went to waste. Teresa's mother, who raised her without a father, intervened. Her father owned a small silk-spinning factory. Having died, he left the family a small fortune, and the widow turned all her worries to ensuring that the already meager capital did not decrease. Naturally, she pinned hopes for a better future on her daughter’s marriage. And it is even more natural that Schubert did not suit her. In addition to the penny salary of an assistant schoolteacher, he had music, which, as we know, is not capital. You can live by music, but you can’t live by it.

A submissive girl from the suburbs, brought up in subordination to her elders, did not even allow disobedience in her thoughts. The only thing she allowed herself was tears. Having cried quietly until the wedding, Teresa walked down the aisle with swollen eyes.

She became the wife of a pastry chef and lived a long, monotonously prosperous gray life, dying at the age of seventy-eight. By the time she was taken to the cemetery, Schubert’s ashes had long since decayed in the grave.

For several years (from 1817 to 1822) Schubert lived alternately with one or the other of his comrades. Some of them (Spaun and Stadler) were friends of the composer from their convict days. Later they were joined by the multi-talented artist Schober, the artist Schwind, the poet Mayrhofer, the singer Vogl and others. The soul of this circle was Schubert. Vertically challenged, dense, stocky, very short-sighted, Schubert had enormous charm. His radiant eyes were especially beautiful, in which, as in a mirror, kindness, shyness and gentleness of character were reflected. And the delicate, changeable complexion and curly brown hair gave it appearance special attraction.

During meetings, friends got acquainted with fiction, poetry of the past and present. They argued heatedly, discussing emerging issues and criticizing existing ones. public order. But sometimes such meetings were devoted exclusively to Schubert’s music; they even received the name “Schubertiad”. On such evenings, the composer did not leave the piano, immediately composing ecosaises, waltzes, landlers and other dances. Many of them remained unrecorded. Schubert's songs, which he often performed himself, evoked no less admiration. Often these friendly gatherings turned into country walks. Saturated with bold, living thought, poetry, beautiful music, these meetings represented a rare contrast with the empty and meaningless entertainment of secular youth. Unsettled life fun entertainment could not distract Schubert from his creativity, stormy, continuous, inspired. He worked systematically, day after day. “I compose every morning, when I finish one piece, I begin another.”“, admitted the composer. Schubert composed music unusually quickly. On some days he created up to a dozen songs! Musical thoughts were born continuously, the composer barely had time to write them down on paper. And if she wasn’t at hand, he wrote the menu on the back, on scraps and scraps. Needing money, he especially suffered from a lack of music paper. Caring friends supplied the composer with it. Music also visited him in his dreams. When he woke up, he tried to write it down as soon as possible, so he did not part with his glasses even at night. And if the work did not immediately develop into a perfect and complete form, the composer continued to work on it until he was completely satisfied. Thus, for some poetic texts, Schubert wrote up to seven versions of songs! During this period, Schubert wrote two of his wonderful works - “The Unfinished Symphony” and the cycle of songs “The Beautiful Miller's Wife”.

The “Unfinished Symphony” consists not of four movements, as is customary, but of two. And the point is not at all that Schubert did not have time to finish the remaining two parts. He started on the third - a minuet, as demanded classical symphony, but abandoned his idea. The symphony, as it sounded, was completely completed. Everything else would be superfluous and unnecessary. And if the classical form requires two more parts, you have to give up the form. Which is what he did.

Schubert's element was song. In it he achieved unprecedented heights. He elevated a genre previously considered insignificant to the level of artistic perfection. And having done this, he went further - saturated with songfulness chamber music- quartets, quintets, - and then symphonic. The combination of what seemed incompatible - miniature with large-scale, small with large, song with symphony - gave a new, qualitatively different from everything that came before - a lyric-romantic symphony.

Her world is a world of simple and intimate human feelings, the most subtle and deep psychological experiences. This is a confession of the soul, expressed not with a pen or a word, but with sound.

Song cycle “The Beautiful Miller's Wife” – bright that confirmation. Schubert wrote it based on poems by the German poet Wilhelm Müller. “The Beautiful Miller's Wife” is an inspired creation, illuminated by gentle poetry, joy, and the romance of pure and high feelings.

The cycle consists of twenty separate songs. And all together they form a single dramatic play with a beginning, twists and turns and a denouement, with one lyrical hero - a wandering mill apprentice.

However, the hero in “The Beautiful Miller's Wife” is not alone. Next to him there is another, no less important hero - the stream. He lives his stormy, intensely changing life.

The works of the last decade of Schubert's life are very diverse. He writes symphonies, piano sonatas, quartets, quintets, trios, masses, operas, a lot of songs and much other music. But during the composer’s lifetime, his works were rarely performed, and most of them remained in manuscripts. Having neither funds nor influential patrons, Schubert had almost no opportunity to publish his works. Songs, the main thing in Schubert's work, were then considered more suitable for home music playing than for open concerts. Compared to the symphony and opera, songs were not considered an important musical genre.

Not a single Schubert opera was accepted for production, and not a single one of his symphonies was performed by an orchestra. Moreover, the notes of his best Eighth and Ninth Symphonies were found only many years after the composer's death. But the songs based on the words sent to him by Schubert never received the poet’s attention.

Timidity, inability to manage his affairs, reluctance to ask, to humiliate himself in front of influential people were also an important reason for Schubert's constant financial difficulties. But, despite the constant lack of money, and often hunger, the composer did not want to go either into the service of Prince Esterhazy or as a court organist, where he was invited. At times, Schubert did not even have a piano and composed without an instrument. Financial difficulties did not prevent him from composing music.

And yet the Viennese came to know and love Schubert’s music, which itself made its way to their hearts. Like the old ones folk songs, passed from singer to singer, his works gradually gained admirers. These were not regulars of brilliant court salons, representatives of the upper class. Like a forest stream, Schubert's music found its way to the hearts of ordinary residents of Vienna and its suburbs. Big role played here outstanding singer of that time Johann Michael Vogl, who performed Schubert's songs to the accompaniment of the composer himself.

last years of life

Insecurity and continuous failures in life had a serious impact on Schubert's health. His body was exhausted. Reconciliation with father last years life, a calmer, more balanced home life could no longer change anything. Schubert could not stop composing music; this was the meaning of his life. But creativity required a huge expenditure of effort and energy, which became less and less every day.

At twenty-seven years old, the composer wrote to his friend Schober: “... I feel like an unhappy, insignificant person in the world...” This mood is reflected in the music last period. If earlier Schubert created mainly bright, joyful works, then a year before his death he wrote songs, uniting them under the common title “Winterreise”.

This had never happened to him before. He wrote about suffering and suffered. He wrote about hopeless melancholy and was hopelessly melancholy. He wrote about the excruciating pain of the soul and experienced mental anguish.

“Winter Way” is a journey through torment. AND lyrical hero. And the author.

The cycle, written in the blood of the heart, excites the blood and stirs the hearts. Thin thread, woven by the artist, connected the soul of one person with the soul of millions of people with an invisible but indissoluble connection. She opened their hearts to the flow of feelings rushing from his heart.

In 1828, through the efforts of friends, the only concert of his works during Schubert’s lifetime was organized. The concert was a huge success and brought great joy to the composer. His plans for the future became more rosy. Despite his failing health, he continues to compose. The end came unexpectedly. Schubert fell ill with typhus. The weakened body could not withstand the serious illness, and on November 19, 1828, Schubert died. The remaining property was valued for pennies. Many works have disappeared. Famous poet of that time Grillparzer, who composed the funeral eulogy a year earlier