Careful attitude towards time. Class hour (4th grade) on the topic: Class hour Price of a minute

Target.

1. Reinforce pre-studied mathematics material.
2. Expand children's knowledge about time, educate careful attitude In time.

Tasks:

1. Strengthening computational skills, knowledge of multiplication tables, the ability to solve problems using the action of multiplication.
2. Formation of ideas about time, units of its measurement, systematization of individual relationships between measures of time.
3. Development of attention, thinking, general culture.

Equipment:

• computer,
• multimedia projector,
• presentations by teacher and students in Microsoft PowerPoint,
• booklet – presentation “Daily Routine” in Microsoft Publisher,
• tasks on cards for working in pairs and groups,
• watch model,
• hourglass.

During the classes

Now we will conduct a mathematical dictation. Presentation . Slides 8 – 14

1. Write the number that is between the numbers 879 and 881.
2. To 8 hundreds add 4 units.
3. Write a number that consists of 6 tens and 3 ones.
4. Increase the number 140 by 7.
5. Dividend 72, divisor 8, find the quotient.
6. The first term is 780, the second term is 2. What is the sum of these numbers?
7. What is the dividend equal to if the divisor is 7 and the quotient is 8?

Let's check the completed task: 880. 804, 63, 147, 9, 782, 56. Presentation. Slide 15.

Now arrange these numbers in ascending order. Presentation . Slide 16.

Let's check what is written: 9. 56, 63, 147, 782, 804, 880. Presentation. Slide 17.

Work on the topic of the lesson.

Now listen to the riddle:

1. It has no legs or wings, Slide 18.
   He flies fast, you won't catch him. (Time) Slide 19.

Let's return to the proverbs. Name the units of time that are mentioned in them.

(Minute, hour, century, day.)

Guys, what other units of measurement do you know? (Children list familiar units of measurement.)

Raise your hand, who can put them in order of increasing size?

Then let's work together.

(I invite 7 people to the board and hand out cards with the names of units of measurement: minute, month, second, day, year, week, hour).

Your task: position yourself so that the units of time written on your cards are arranged in increasing order.

Guys, do you agree? Say all the units of measurement in unison.

Second, Minute, Hour, Day, Week, Month, Year. Second. Presentation . Slide 20.

Let's focus on the units of time - days. Presentation . Slide 21.

What do you remember about this unit of measurement? (A day is 24 hours.)

Many children, and sometimes adults, make mistakes when they use the word day with any number.

Do you know how to pronounce them correctly? Then I suggest working in pairs .

On your desks you have pieces of paper with the numbers 1, 2, 5, 30. Next to the numbers, write the word “day” the way you think it should be pronounced.

Let's check (presentation. Slide 22):

• One day.
• Two days
• Five days
• Thirty days

A game.

- Now let's check how you have mastered the multiplication table. Before you are sheets and a table of Pythagoras. In the examples, the key to solving the mystery is encrypted in the form of a picture. You must find the factors in the table, calculate the product, enter it in the cell and color it. At the end of the game you will see a secret image. Be careful: the 1st multiplier is always in the left column, and the second in the top cell. Slide 23.

Let's check what pattern you got: Presentation. Slide 24.

Name five days in a row, without using the names of the numbers of the month and without naming the days of the week. Presentation . Slide 25.

Let's check: The day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow. Presentation . Slide 26.

Physical education minute. Presentation . Slide 27.

Tick ​​- tock! Tick ​​- tock!
The clock goes like this!
To the left - step! To the right - step!
Tick ​​tock! Tick ​​- tock!

Task 2. Slide 28.

(16 hours)

Task 3.

Place comparison signs instead of asterisks so that you get true equalities. Presentation . Slide 29.

The solution of the problem. Presentation . Slide 30.

A second grader read 8 pages every day. How many pages did he read in 5 days?

Geometric material.

1) What shapes do you see in this picture? Presentation . Slide 31.

How many are there?

2) Draw a square with a side of 4 cm. Draw a line to get a quadrilateral and a triangle. Presentation . Slide 32.

Let's check: Presentation. Slide 33.

Reinforcing the material covered.

1. Which line contains only time units? Presentation . Slide 34.

a) cm, km, kg, m.
b) km, m, dm, mm.
c) hour, day, minute, month

2. Complete the phrases: Slide 35.

• In a year... months.
• In a year... days.
• In the year...winter months:...,...,....
• In the year... spring months:...,...,....
• In the year... summer months: …, …, … .
• In the year ... autumn months: ..., ..., ....
• ... the year ends, and ... begins.
• In a month... weeks.
• In a week... days.
• The shortest month of the year is….

3. A story about a watch.

1) Guessing the riddle: Slide 36.

No legs, but I walk, no mouth, but I’ll say,
When to sleep, when to get up,
When to start work. (Watch)

2) Task: Slide 37.

How many hours are shown here? (16 hours)

3) Familiarization with the types of clocks: sand, water, solar. Slide 38.

4) View the presentation “The History of Watches”, made by student Egor Kruglov.

5) Information about the watch.

6) View the presentation “My daily routine”, made by Ilyina Angela.

7) Conversation about caring for time.

Guys, follow a daily routine, learn to live by the hour.

8) Distributing “Daily Routine” booklets to students.

Lesson summary.

1) Conversation.

Which task did you like the most?

What new did you learn in the lesson? What new things have you learned?

2) Guess the riddles:

1. What cannot be returned? (Time) Presentation . Slide 45

What can at the same time:
stand and walk;
hang and stand
walk and lie down?
(Watch)

Two sisters next to each other
They run lap after lap:
Shorty - just once
The one above is every hour.
(Clock hands) Presentation . Slide 46

Twelve young men came out,
Fifty-two falcons carried out
365 swans were released.
(months, weeks, days) Presentation . Slide 47.

Oh woe! Life has passed and time has flown by

In the darkness of shame, weakness and laziness.

And people found a way to salvation

And they move towards lofty goals slowly.

Who, if not the student, should take care of his time?! Saving time is the responsibility of every believer, and for the seeker of knowledge, it is the main concern and the basis for success in his life devoted to acquiring knowledge. And if he knows how to use his time correctly and takes care of it, he will succeed and achieve his goal, and if not, then he will fail and will not be successful.

The seeker of knowledge is a merchant, and his capital is time. But the merchant who squanders his capital left and right is stupid and unlucky. Therefore, he should think about how he spends his time? And let everyone ask themselves for every minute, for every second.

Basic principles of rational use of time

The first duty of the seeker of knowledge is to take care of his time and use it wisely. Our predecessors, may Allah be pleased with them, treated their time most carefully, because they knew its value better than others. Al-Hasan al-Basri said: “I found people who save their time more than you save your dirhams and dinars!”

Therefore, the predecessors did their best to spend their time studying knowledge. ‘Umar ibn “Abdul” Aziz said: “Truly, day and night always take away something valuable from you, so work both day and night!”

They said: “Time is like a sword: if you don’t defeat it, it will defeat you.” They always tried to become better, so that today would be better than yesterday, and tomorrow would be better than today.

Every day, every hour, every moment they sought to acquire useful knowledge, do a good deed, overcome their passions or bring benefit to someone, so that their labors would not be in vain and would not be futile and in vain. They considered it a manifestation of ingratitude and disrespect to spend time without any benefit for themselves and those around them, if they did not increase their knowledge, strengthen their faith, or do good deeds. Ibn Mas'ood (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “I regret nothing more than the day when the sun set, life became shorter, and the deeds I did on that day did not become better.”

A seeker of knowledge must take care of his time, devoting every moment to something that will benefit him or teach him something necessary, and try to increase his knowledge every day.

The words of one of the predecessors are reported: “If a day comes when I cannot increase my knowledge in order to gain the mercy of Allah, then there is no blessing for me that the sun has risen on that day.”

Let every moment for the seeker of knowledge be more valuable than any jewels; if people cherish every hour, then the student should cherish every second, every moment. If people compete to accumulate and accumulate wealth, then he should try to get ahead of his time by accumulating useful knowledge. After all, what a huge difference there is between accumulating wealth and accumulating knowledge! In a word, if a student is able to make full use of his time, he will succeed on the path to knowledge, and may Allah help him!

The student should always try to compose detailed plan your classes and plan for memorizing your lessons and strictly follow it.

Time is priceless, because life cannot be turned back. It has its own distinctive features, which we need to know well, and from this learn to use it correctly. Here are some of them:

1. Time is fleeting.

2. The time that has already passed cannot be returned or replaced by anything.

3. Time is the most valuable thing a person has. Therefore, a student should not waste his precious time on useless things, and should not abuse what is permissible in food, drink, conversation, etc.

It is not appropriate for someone whom Allah has awarded with knowledge and intelligence to waste his time in disobedience to Allah, to spend it in fun and idleness. A prudent person will not want this for himself, and this will make a prudent person resort to Allah... Prudence, once again, prudence is needed by a person in order to understand the full value of his life and spend it only in obedience to Allah Almighty. And wouldn’t he want to make the book his friend, which he wouldn’t exchange for any of the people ready to become his interlocutor? And this is a huge benefit, which wise and intelligent people know about. pure souls People.

The most serious obstacle for a person, preventing him from taking advantage of the present moment and today, is procrastination and postponing his good deeds. And this continues until the word “I will” almost becomes his motto and way of life.

A man from the tribe of Abd al-Qais was told: “Give us good advice.” He replied: “Beware of the word “I will.”

The student should fill his day with useful knowledge, good deeds and not put it off until tomorrow, so that his present does not elude him and turn into an irrevocable past. He must sow today in order to reap the fruits tomorrow, otherwise he will have to repent when repentance no longer helps...

Imam al-Hasan al-Basri said: “Beware of postponing things for later, because you live today, not tomorrow. And if you live to see tomorrow, then spend it the same way as today, and if not, then you won’t have to regret what you missed today.”

The seeker of knowledge must take advantage of the days of his youth and its golden times. Wisdom says: "Learning time - from cradle to grave." It is believed that the best time for studying is the prime of youth, the time of “suhoor” (dawn time) and the time between two night prayers (i.e. evening and night).

The hadith says:

(لن تزول قدما عبد يوم القيامة حتى يسال عن اربع خصال: عن عمره فيما افناه , وعن شبابه فيما ابلاه, وعن ماله من اين اكتسبه وفيم انفقه وعن علمه ماذا عمل به)

“On the Day of Resurrection, a servant (of Allah) will not move from his place until he is asked about four things: about his life - how did he spend it? - and about his youth - how did he spend it? and about his wealth - where did he get it from and what did he spend it on? - and about knowing it - how did he use it?

Thus, he will be asked about his entire life in general and about his younger years in particular.

Youth is only a part of life, but it is especially valuable because it is the years of flourishing vitality and firm determination, and also the period of man's strength in the interval between two periods of weakness: the weakness of infancy and the weakness of old age. Youth is a time of activity... youth is a quickly departing guest, and if man of sense If he fails to use it, then his heart will be torn with sorrow.

Therefore, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

(اغتنم خمسا قبل خمس, شبابك قبل هرمك, وصحتك قبل سقمك, وغناك قبل فقرك,وفراغك قبل شغلك, وحيا تك قبل موتك)

“Take advantage of five things before five others come: your youth before your old age, your health before your illness, your wealth before your poverty, your free time before your busyness, and your life before your death.”(Al-Hakim).

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “The Great and Mighty Allah gave knowledge to his slaves in their youth, and all goodness lies in youth.” Hafsa bint Sirin said: “Young ones! Work hard, because only in youth are things accomplished.” And weren’t the companions of the Messenger of Allah who believed in him, supported him, helped him and followed the light of religion sent down to him, most of them young?”

And those who fail to take advantage of their youth will repent in old age. One scientist told one young man: “Work until the time comes when you cannot do it. I want to do a lot today, but I can’t.” Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Learn religion while you are young.”

Let the seeker of knowledge read the following words and let them be an example to him. Ibn al-Jawzi said: “I observed people in high positions and saw that most of them lose a lot during the period of their greatness. Some of them wallow in sin in their youth, others neglect the search for knowledge, and others indulge excessively in pleasure. But in old age they all repent, when past sins can no longer be corrected, when their strength has dried up and their merits have been forgotten. Their old age is spent in grief and sadness. If the elder comes to his senses about his previous sins, he will say: “How I regret the sins that I committed!” And if he doesn’t come to his senses, he will begin to regret those pleasures that cannot be returned.

And the one who devoted his youth to the search for knowledge, in old age, gratefully reaps the fruits of what he has sown, and enjoys writing down the knowledge that he has collected in books. Not only does he not consider that he has lost any bodily benefits, but he also takes pleasure in the knowledge he has acquired.”

Free time and health

A benefit that many people neglect, do not appreciate, and do not give thanks for is health and free time. It is reported from the words of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

(نعمتان مغبون فيهما كثير من الناس الصحة والفراغ)

“Many people are deprived of two blessings: health and free time”(Al-Bukhari). This means that many people do not use these benefits to perform good deeds, but use them to commit sins. Free time should be understood as not being busy with worldly affairs and problems that distract a person from his business activities eternal life.

Free time never remains free; it will inevitably be filled with either good or evil. And whoever cannot captivate his soul with righteous deeds, his soul will be carried away by evil deeds. Happy is the one who spends his time in good and righteous deeds, and woe to the one who spends his time in bad and vicious deeds.

One righteous man said: “Time free from worldly worries is a great blessing. And if a person shows ingratitude for the benefit shown to him by giving vent to his passions and following his desires, then Allah will violate the well-being of his soul and deprive him of the spiritual purity and peace that he had.”

In short, the seeker of knowledge does not waste his life and does not lose a second of his time on matters not related to knowledge. As necessary, he allocates time for food, drink, sleep, rest after tiring work, fulfilling his duties in relation to family members, guests, to earn a living, and also breaks away from studies in case of illness or for other reasons that interfere with studies. Some of the predecessors did not stop their activities, even if something happened to them. mild illness or malaise. Knowledge was medicine for them, and they continued to study as best they could.

Taking advantage of every opportunity

There are many everyday worries, and our needs in this life are endless, so the seeker of knowledge needs to resort to some tricks in order to rationally use the time that we do not attach much importance to and lose for the sake of imaginary politeness or out of habit.

a) While eating, while doing housework, and also in the car, the student can read prayers and adhkars, listen to recordings of the Koran or sermons.

b) He can repeat the Qur'an or a lesson he has learned while walking down the street, taking the example of our pious scholars. When al-Khatib al-Baghdadi walked along the road, he always read. One of the predecessors, giving advice to his friends, said: “When you leave me, then disperse: perhaps one of you will read the Koran on the way, and if you all go together, you will start talking to each other.”

c) Wherever the student goes, let him always take a textbook with him. Praise be to Allah, nowadays many books in small format are printed, which greatly facilitates this task. The main thing is that the student has a desire to take advantage of the time that many people simply lose, even many of those who seek knowledge.

Careful attitude of predecessors to time

The seeker of knowledge must constantly familiarize himself with how his predecessors used their time, reflect on their way of life whenever he discovers laziness and negligence in himself. How did Ibn Hajar and other scholars like him achieve what they achieved and do what they did? Some will say that they were men of genius, the help of Allah accompanied them, and their lives were blessed. And this is certainly true. But is a blessing given to a person without a reason? And is it really possible to grieve while following in other people’s footsteps, instead of striving to earn a better life and change your fate?

Anyone who is concerned about how to kill time and spend it in any way, usefully or unprofitably, will never receive the blessings and help of Allah. And if someone asks him for something important, he will apologize and say that he does not have time. How often people complain about the lack of time and the transience of years, but these are only those who waste time and ruin their lives. And some even admit that they are killing time, but do not suspect that in fact, they are killing their own life.

The height of aspirations and the greatness of goals encourage a person to value time, since this is his life. And if what they strive for is expensive, then it is easy to part with what they sacrifice along the way. Yes, our predecessors were extremely careful with time and tried not to miss a single second without using it to acquire knowledge. They even regretted the time they spent eating. Al-Khalil said: “The most painful time for me is when I eat.”

They say that Salim ibn Ayyub ar-Razi watched his every breath and never spent time uselessly: he either copied books, or taught something, or read... One day he went to his home, and when he returned, he said : “On the way, I read one juz (1/30th part of the Koran)”... One day his pencil became dull and while he was putting it in order, he moved his lips. And one could understand that he was reading even when he was simply sharpening his pencil, even here not wanting to waste time.”

Ibn “Aqil said: “I try in every possible way to reduce the time I spend eating, that I prefer to eat a cake and wash it down with water even over bread, because I have to chew it less, and I have more time to read or write down something useful, which else.” did not have time." He also said: “I never spend a single minute of my life without benefit. Even when my tongue is no longer able to learn or discuss anything, and my eyes are no longer able to read, I think, straining my thoughts, lying down and resting. “When I get up, something always comes to my mind to write. And at eighty years old I feel a greater thirst for knowledge than when I was twenty.”

The seeker of knowledge needs a precise and well-thought-out system, which he must strictly follow in order to make the fullest possible use of his time. After all, disorder, negligence and spontaneity are the greatest enemies of the seeker of knowledge. And no one needs to distribute their time more than students, since they have a huge burden of worries, and it even seems to them that there are more things to do than there is time.

And the seeker of knowledge must distribute his time between obligatory and other matters so that one does not interfere with the other, minor matters do not interfere with important ones, important ones with the most important ones, and those not time-bound with time limits. Urgent tasks should be completed before others, and non-urgent ones - after. Anything that is time-bound should always be completed on time.

1.Drawing up a detailed plan

The student should always try to make a detailed plan for his studies and a plan for memorizing his lessons and strictly follow it. And it doesn’t matter if from time to time he makes changes to it in accordance with new requirements.

In studies, just as in trade and military campaigns, a person should draw up a plan of work. A student who clearly establishes a routine for his day and then begins to study, relieves himself of many worries and acquires a significant boost of energy and diligence. In fact, a plan that a person makes for himself and carries out day after day soon becomes normal and simple matter. In other words, when we need to solve several issues, we will most likely fail to solve some of them, because one issue interferes with the solution of another, and the solution of each of them prevents us from completely devoting ourselves to solving any one of them. Thus, we pass without any benefit from one question to another immediately after we have superficially considered it, carelessly putting aside the solution of each of them...

A specific place allocated for classes has at least important than the time specified for this. Let the student have his own desk and chair, intended only for mental work. And after a while this place will symbolize a lesson for him.

Many people believe that the secret of success lies in a person’s teaching himself to discipline and constant work. One of the leading doctors, William Osler, asked a group of students the following question: “How can you make the most effective use of your talents with a minimum of effort?” Then he himself answered the question posed: “I can do this by cultivating the spirit of discipline in myself. I say “education” because many of you will find it quite difficult to accustom yourself to it. There are people who have been given a discipline-predisposed mentality from birth. But at the same time, there are people with a different mindset who must declare a long war on themselves in order to eradicate the innate predisposition to disorder and carelessness in business...

This appeal is dedicated especially to young people, since they are still at the beginning of their life path and the future of each of them depends on the habits that they develop in themselves during this delicate period of life. It’s quite easy to follow the usual consistency in any matter, but introduce it into your routine. Everyday life not easy. The student should determine for each part of his day an obligatory task to be occupied with during that time, and by exercise and practice develop the ability to concentrate.

As for the detailed presentation of individual items of the daily routine, everyone determines them for themselves. First of all, it is necessary to determine the amount of time that the student is going to devote to studying, but let him not make overly “ideal” plans. It will be better if he evaluates his mental abilities in a balanced and fair manner, without overestimating himself or belittling his capabilities. Then he should choose for himself a time during the day when he would prefer to engage in mental work, being confident that he will have the opportunity to do this regularly and every day at this time. It is also important to choose for your studies different times during the day. This is not bad, provided that the student makes it a habit to consistently study during this time.

In addition, the student needs to determine how much time to devote to each subject and schedule classes according to the time frame. Of course, he will not be able to determine in advance exactly how much time he will need to study each subject or when he expects to start the next lesson, because educational process can't stay this tough. But it’s still better if every day he roughly determines how much time it will take him to do this or that activity, and draws up a schedule on the basis of which he will build his classes. Thus, the student will get rid of the question of which lesson to start with, and will stop worrying about the tasks that he should have completed.

But most students don't know how to manage their time. In fact, knowing in detail how to manage your time is now the first significant step for students towards living a lifestyle based on the most efficient daily schedule...

It is very important to think about the reasons for wasting your time and think carefully about how you can make up for every lost minute.

2. Maintaining a daily routine

The seeker of knowledge should not put off until tomorrow what he must do today. After all, tomorrow he will have other matters and responsibilities that will not allow him to deal with yesterday’s affairs.

I don’t put it off until tomorrow, succumbing to laziness,

What can I do today?

Because tomorrow is the day of the one who is weak and in business

Can't do absolutely anything.

If the day passes, the student will take with him everything that happened that day. And if he puts off his work today, then tomorrow he will have to complete the work in two days.

Omar ibn Abdul Aziz was told: “Postpone this until tomorrow.” To which he replied: “It’s difficult for me to cope with the tasks of one day, but what will happen if work falls on me in two days?!” If a seeker of knowledge always fulfills the duties and tasks that he has planned for the day, he will gain peace and fully complete his work.

3. You should start work early in the morning

The hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) says:

(اللهم بارك لامتي فى بكورها)

“O Allah! Bless my ummah in their deeds that they begin early in the morning!”. Ibn Omar, commenting on the words “start early in the morning,” said: “come early to school and to the mosque to take a place in the front row.”

The first part of the day is a blessed time for the traveler, when he travels great distances. But many seekers of knowledge today miss this opportunity to receive the blessing promised to them after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) uttered the words of supplication (du'a)! Moreover, some of them wake up a few minutes before sunrise, hastily perform morning prayer, then continue to sleep again, as if they had never heard such a hadith!

4. A small deed done consistently is better than a big one that is inconsistent.

The hadith says:

(احب الاعمال الى الله تعالى ادومها وان قل)

“Allah loves most those deeds that are done with the greatest consistency, even if they are few.”(Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

Imam an-Nawawi said: “This hadith encourages consistency in deeds, and it also says that a small, but steadily done deed is better than a significant, but fickle deed... A small deed that is constantly done brings much more benefits, than significant but not permanent.”

Therefore, the student needs to distribute his time, both day and night, in accordance with his capabilities and conditions and specially allocate some part of the time for a certain task that he will steadily engage in daily, for example, reading a certain amount of dhikr and salawat. Set aside the other part of the time for another activity, for example, studying religious sciences.

5. Privacy

A seeker of knowledge should sometimes give preference to solitude, because nothing reminds more of eternal life than loneliness... And a person, walking around the market for some time, under the impression of what he sees, forgets what he knows. Solitude allows a person to calm the soul, gather strength, think about the consequences and stock up on everything necessary for this.

If we look at those who were able to take advantage of the short moments of their lives and achieve such results and fruits of their labor that cause surprise and amazement, we will see that they were friends only with hardworking, diligent, outstanding and smart people who valued their time as much as they valued their lives, for time is life.

And friendship with such outstanding, diligent people who value every minute and second had a serious impact on the activities of such famous people, like Imam Ibn Jarir at-Tabari, Ibn "Aqil al-Hanbali, Ibn "Asakir ad-Dimashki, Ibn al-Qayyim, Ibn al-Nafis, al-Mizzi, al-Zahabi, Ibn Hajar and other similar scholars who left leaving behind a colossal, invaluable legacy.

Imam Ibn “Aqil al-Hanbali said: “In my youth, Allah protected me in every possible way from sins and limited all my love to the love of knowledge and its owners. I never communicated with lovers of fun and was friends only with students like myself.” You can see someone who is devoted to knowledge, who is accompanied by the help of Allah and who strives for the sublime only in the company of deserved, diligent, wise, intelligent and knowledgeable people. him to become the same as them, or at least similar to them.

Friendship with such people will teach the seeker of knowledge to be ahead of time, and friendship with bad people will teach him to waste it fruitlessly. Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “A man is judged by his friend, because he takes as friends only those like himself.” And may Allah protect us from friendship with bad people.

6. Mental rest and peace

The seeker of knowledge spends all his time studying, but from time to time he necessarily needs rest, so that later he is not forced to interrupt all his studies. After all, the human soul does not tolerate monotony. Abdallah ibn Mas'ud said: “Truly, the human soul has aspiration and passion. But it is also characterized by lethargy and lack of interest. Get down to business when the soul is eager, and let it rest when interest disappears.”

Time should be distributed so that there is also time for rest, since after long work a person’s soul begins to feel disgusted with it, and gets tired just like the body gets tired. “Ali said: “...and it is not proper for a Muslim to burden himself so much that it takes away his strength and prevents him from continuing what he was doing.”

At the same time, the student should not put too much pressure on himself, so that he does not develop a feeling of fatigue and disgust. And perhaps he will hate studying and will no longer be able to overcome himself. Let him be moderate in such matters. Every person knows himself better.

However, the rest of the seeker of knowledge differs from the rest of other people, since at any time he tries to acquire some benefit:

a) some predecessors used breaks during lessons in which they recited hadiths to pronounce words of remembrance of the Great and Mighty Allah (dhikr). Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, talking about the rules of conduct of a muhaddith (a person who tells a hadith; an expert and transmitter of hadiths), said: “When he stops telling hadiths during the Majlis, while resting, he utters words of remembrance of Allah Almighty. Many people did this greatest people from among the predecessors."

b) If a student is tired of studying one subject, then he should study another, because this is better than stopping studies altogether. You can move from one form of occupation to another to change your type of activity.

A soul that is tired is incapable of anything,

And you change her state from one to another.

c) Whenever the student feels energized, he should study his lessons. And the study of stories, biographies and stories from the lives of predecessors, reading wise sayings and poems can be postponed until another time, when he feels tired, and useful verses should be chosen, such as, for example, poems praising our beloved Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). ), poetic collections of divan al-Shafi, divan Abu al-Atahiya and other poets who glorified abstinence and detachment (zuhd).

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Days come to us like friends in disguise, bringing priceless gifts from an unknown hand; but if we do not use their offerings, they silently leave and never return. Each subsequent morning brings us more and more new gifts, but if we have not been able to use those that were brought yesterday and the third day, we become less and less able to use them, until, finally, the ability to appreciate them and use them disappears completely.

Time is the raw material from which we can make whatever we want.

The very hours that you carelessly waste, in case beneficial use could ensure your success. What magnificent monuments would be created by young men in unfavorable conditions, in such wasted periods of time, which are completely unappreciated by many of us?!

Michael Faraday at first could engage in physical experiments only in the free hours he had left from his bookbinding craft. Humphry Davy gained fame by studying physics in his free moments in the attic of the apothecary shop where he worked. “There is no business or occupation,” says Uitenbach, “that would not allow a person to spend some time every day scientific studies of his youth."

“The plea for lack of time to complete our education,” says Matthew Arnold, “will immediately prove unfounded as soon as we seriously begin to examine our allocation of time.” “As I have observed,” says Burke, “indolence fills a man’s time much more, and allows him less to be his master, than any other occupation.”

What kind of person is so busy that he does not have one hour every day to supplement his education? Meanwhile, what miracles would be performed in “one hour every day”!

One hour daily taken away from an empty pastime and used usefully, it would give a person even with mediocre abilities the opportunity to completely master any branch of science and would make an ignorant person educated after a few years. In one hour you can read twenty pages carefully, which will amount to over seven thousand pages or seventeen large volumes per year. "One hour a day":

in twelve years will more than equal the time devoted to study during a four-year course at the university;

can make all the difference between mere existence and a useful, happy life;

can do and did unknown person famous, useful, benefactor of humanity.

Now imagine that great opportunity, which lies in the two, four, or even six hours a day wasted uselessly by young people of both sexes in the restless pursuit of entertainment and amusement!

Many great people have built their fame by taking advantage of periods of time that most people waste completely aimlessly:

Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote my famous book"Uncle Tom's Cabin" in between numerous household chores;

Longfellow translated "Hell" in bursts of ten minutes a day while his coffee was brewing, and continued to work like this for several years until the end of the work;

Hugo Miller, working hard as a mason, found time to read science books and record the information he found on the stone blocks with which he had to deal;

Berne wrote many of his the best poems while working on a farm;

Lincoln studied law in his free hours, when he was engaged in land surveying, and passed the initial stages without any help while guarding a warehouse;

John Stuart Mill wrote a significant part of his most famous works while serving as a clerk for the East India Company;

Charles Frost a famous shoemaker from Vermont, decided to devote one hour a day to scientific studies and as a result became one of the most outstanding mathematicians in the United States, acquiring, in addition, an enviable reputation in other fields of knowledge.

Great people have always been very economical in terms of time:

Cicero said: “The time that others devote to spectacles and entertainment, or even to mental and physical peace, I devote to the study of philosophy”;

days Alexander Humboldt they were so busy with various things that he studied science at night or early in the morning, when others were still sleeping;

Gladstone He constantly carried a book in his pocket so that some unforeseen free moment would not be wasted in vain.

What a reproach this life is for so many young people of both sexes who waste whole months and even years in vain!

Time is money. Of course, we shouldn’t be too stingy with it, but we shouldn’t waste hours, just as we shouldn’t throw away money. It has been well said that lost wealth can be regained by activity and frugality, lost knowledge by study, lost health by abstinent living and reading; but lost time is gone forever. With the loss of an hour - no matter how bad it is in itself - the worst thing is not the loss of time itself, but the waste of vitality and character in a careless life. As a result of laziness, the nerves seem to “rust”.

Every day there is a small life, and our whole life is just a repeated day.

A person must always remember that the permanent abode of his soul is the upper world. It is known that souls were created at the beginning of the creation of the world (Rashi says this in his commentary to the treatise Yevamot, 53, on the words: “Body ...”; this is written in the Midrash) and their home is at the Throne of Divine Glory. There is the permanent residence of all the souls of Israel, and here they come only to live a little in the world of Action, acquiring the merit of studying the Torah and doing good deeds, and then ascending again to G‑d.

Imagine: a certain person went to a distant country to a huge fair to sell or buy expensive goods that could not be obtained in his own country. And at that very moment, when the deal is almost concluded, someone comes up to him and says: “Look what newspapers I have!

Read them - you will get such pleasure! This man will drive him away and shout to him: “Go away! While you're distracting me, I'm losing money every second! Don’t you know that I traveled many hundreds of miles, reached a foreign country, and all just to be at this grandiose fair and earn money from it to feed my family for the whole year! And you’re asking me to waste my time on these stupid newspapers!”

What this parable is about is obvious. Permanent place residence of the soul - in high world, it is there that her eternal home is, according to the word of Scripture: “The stranger (...) is a temporary resident, like all my fathers.” And only so that the soul is not forced to eat the unearned “bread of shame”, they cast it here, to earth, to a short time(so in this world she is in the position of a stranger in a foreign land), so that she acquires the merit of studying the Torah and doing good deeds. And when she finds herself here on earth, the evil inclination constantly tempts her to spend time reading all sorts of newspapers and similar pastimes. And you need to drive away the evil inclination and say to it: “Don’t you know that I came down here, having traveled many hundreds of thousands of miles from my place of residence, just for a little while and only then to acquire a product that should provide me with eternal bliss? And you distract me with all sorts of nonsense! How will I answer the One who sent me if I return home empty-handed?”

This will help to understand what the Scripture said about Moses, our teacher, may he rest in peace: And he called the name of one (his son) Gershom, for he said: “I was a stranger in a strange land”; and Eliezer gave the name to the other, for (he said): “ God of the father mine - to help me." After all, the verse itself is incomprehensible: Moshe should have named his first son Eliezer in memory of the miracle! And besides, why remind us that “I was an alien...”? And our words make the verse simply delightful: Moses, our teacher, came to Yitro, but he had not yet accepted Judaism, and his deeds did not become righteous (we know this, since in the future the Scripture will quote the words of Yitro: “Now I have learned, that G‑d is greater than all idols,” which means that before Moshe, our teacher, may peace be upon him, explained this to him, he did not know this!). It turns out that Moshe, our teacher, was afraid that he would learn to do the same as Yitro, so he named his son Gershom, saying: “For I was a stranger...” He wanted to always have a reminder before his eyes that he in this world only in the position of a stranger in a foreign country, who will then have to return to his roots, to the abode of the eternal: after all, that is where “his permanent residence, like all his fathers,” is. (The Scripture says: “I am a stranger on earth, a temporary resident, like all my fathers.”) Moshe, our teacher, knew that this reminder would help him be very attentive to all his affairs.

They say that absolute order in the house and the healthy psyche of its owner are completely incompatible things. Those who can afford an au pair are happy to do so, and those who can't get creative. For example, the American Marla Seelly came up with a management system in the late 90s household FlyLady, which has become popular all over the world.

For millions of us

With her system, the American managed to turn women constantly crawling around the house with a rag into goddesses fluttering around it, and in absolute cleanliness. " The target audience» FlyLady - working, busy or not very organized representatives of the fair sex who cannot maintain constant order in their home. Women who tend to put all their energy and free time on the altar of cleaning, and still suffer from feelings of guilt - after all, their life has not become ideal.

How is this miraculous system organized? Websites (English and translated) contain basic methodological principles, and daily e-mail newsletters encourage housewives to take specific actions. The site promises that the FlyLady approach to housekeeping will allow you to put your own home in order in just 31 days and form useful habits - ones that will support it constantly. Self-organization and self-discipline are the “pillars” on which a real “flying lady” rests.

If you want to join the system and become a “reactive hostess”, the following sites await you: flylady.org.ua , flylady.ru , ladybee.ru and LJ community flylady-ru.livejournal.com. There is a description here basic principles FlyLady, tasks for the week, planners, e-mail newsletter with tasks for every day and forums for communication of like-minded people.

If you want to support Russian housewives, you can reellady.ru- a resource dedicated to the first Russian system cleaning - “The Path of Cleanliness”. On this site you can learn about alternatives to FlyLady - the PAZ and Shining House systems.

How it works?

The name Fly Lady is an abbreviation for Finaly Love Yourself, which translates as “Finally love yourself.” Ease, getting pleasure from work, the ability to leave energy and time for yourself - this is what “flyushki” achieve with their regular housework. Here are their basic rules:

- no perfectionism. Exhausting work for results and the desire for perfect order only develop a hatred of cleaning and often a desire to put it off by any means. General cleaning on weekends has nothing to do with FlyLady.

- clear planning. The first assistant of the “flying housewife” is a home diary, also known as a planner. The more household and household chores you think through and prescribe, the better for you.

- respect for time. If you clean your shoes immediately upon returning from the street, it will take much less time than if you postpone this issue for several hours. The same applies to the kitchen stove - it’s easier to clean it immediately after cooking.

- using a timer.“Flyushka” does not work for results; its task is not to do, but to do. She timed exactly 15 minutes and brought order to any one place. When the timer beeps, cleaning is complete.

- keeping in order first the housewife, and then the house. When, from the very morning, the housewife has her hair combed, made up, and dressed in such a way that she is not ashamed to open the door at any moment. front door unexpectedly arriving guests, then the housework gets done faster. Because order disciplines. In addition, the author of the system, Marla Seelly, recommends using lace-up shoes (ideally sneakers) for home use. Because it’s difficult to immediately throw them off and lie down on the sofa.

- regularity of cleaning. The system offers to clean the house for 15 minutes every day. At first glance, this is not at all enough, but regularity works wonders! According to FlyLady, the house is divided into zones (kitchen, children's room, hallway, bedroom), one week is devoted to only one zone. By the weekend, the selected area is shining, because in total more than an hour was spent on it!

- creating an island of purity- a place that is always in perfect order. FlyLady suggests making a kitchen sink into such an island. You need to clean it every day before it gets dirty (clean even clean things!). This is how a love for housework is formed, your mood rises and motivation appears to make the rest of the house clean.

“Flyushki,” as they are affectionately called in Russia, have their own unique terminology:

Rituals(in other translations - “ routines") - daily work around the house, which is included in a special list. Initially it may consist of two or three points. The list will gradually be expanded and will help you use your time most efficiently. The main routine is the evening one: lightly clean the apartment so that it is ready for the next day, think about tomorrow (prepare clothes, get food to defrost, look at your planner and your child’s schedule), take time for yourself. For those who are especially tired, there is a truncated option: clean the sink, prepare clothes for tomorrow, brush your teeth.

Littering- active fight against trash. Your apartment can be made noticeably cleaner if you throw away 27 unnecessary things (a read magazine, a single sock, an old toothbrush, etc.). Littering also affects electronic trash - unnecessary files, e-mail and SMS messages. We do this for 5 minutes a day until we have something to throw away.

Hot Spots (hotspots or hotpoints) - places where things accumulate at catastrophic speed. For example, a bedside table, a desk or a table in the hallway. Turning off a hotspot means taking a few minutes to clean up the mess in its early stages, before it becomes horrifying.

How I live according to the systemFlyLady

Not yet being familiar with the Flylady system, I already shared its main principle: the rejection of idealism. My house was in order. Almost complete. That is, the dust from the monitor was wiped off by the one to whom it bothered the most, and the plastic containers were organized on the shelf by the one from whom they fell out. So I decided to try it new strategy cleaning and see if you can get more order with less effort. It turned out that not all the rules of the system were easy to follow, but the ones that I liked really stuck. And now my day (according to FlyLady's rules) looks something like this. I get up in the morning and... don’t put on my shoes! I don’t have and never will have this Western habit of walking around the house with shoes on, but I do have a pedicure. Two year old daughter He’s received with a bang (“Mom, what beautiful nails you have!”), and I like to show him off to my husband. Here I am definitely in flight, or rather, in flight.

I go into the kitchen. Already from the threshold you can see that the sink is shining. This habit did not want to form for a long time: it was difficult for me to force myself to clean something that was not yet dirty. But if you clean the sink every evening, it simply doesn’t have time to get dirty! So I lightly wipe it with detergent.

The child's clothes are ready for kindergarten. Truly, doing everything possible in the evening is an excellent rule! According to FlyLady’s precepts, in the evening I put lunch for my husband in the lunch box, in the evening I pack my bag in Gym. Now I even make coffee in the evening. Five minutes in the evening saves fifteen minutes in the morning!

Hotpoints are my great pride because I was able to cope with them. My hot spot of the mess was the chair on the loggia. Previously, I constantly put dried laundry there (it dries right next to it), and left it until ironing. It could lie like that for a week or ten days. Now, on the advice of FlyLady, unironed linen has a separate place in the closet on the loggia, where it does not spoil the view or my mood.

I eliminated the hotpoint on the windowsill, where packages of tissues, vitamins, and toothpicks were constantly accumulating. I dismantle the shelf in the hallway every 3-4 days until it gets completely clogged. General cleaning I canceled it completely because every day I do some “little thing” with my daughter. Or I dismantle the rubble without it - however, not in 15 minutes, as the flies recommend, but in 19 - exactly the same time as the Bremen Town Musicians.

The kitchen is the Augean stables of my apartment. From here you can throw away not 27 things, but all 100. Here are two- and three-liter jars, rubber and metal lids for them. What are they doing in my house if I never prepare for the winter? I'm sending it to my mother-in-law! Here are practically untouched packages of cookies - I don’t even remember who brought them. My family doesn’t eat this stuff, and it would be a shame to throw it away right away. In the trash without mercy! There was noticeably more space in the kitchen cabinets in just three minutes, plus bonuses - an accidentally discovered half a kilo of coffee from Turkey and a package of dried figs from Kazakhstan.

Decluttering is the easiest thing for me - at some point you discover that today there are only a couple of small things in the house to throw away, the rest is necessary and is in its place. True, from time to time I give up and put up for sale something that cannot be thrown away at all, for example, children's toys and clothes. Then things stay in the house for another couple of weeks.

But planning is my stumbling block. I can’t get used to writing things down at all; I keep everything in my head, and some little thing always eludes me. For example, I forget to take meter readings on time - (after all, a humanitarian mindset cannot be canceled). In general, the apartment has become much cleaner, but there is a persistent feeling that I am cleaning practically nothing in it.

Lifehacking is a relatively new community on the Internet of smart guys who make life easier for themselves and others through simple ideas. It’s easy and simple to separate the yolk from the white using a plastic bottle or use a clever way to put more things on hangers in the closet. In a word, these are fun and extraordinary tips for every day, designed to make it easier to solve everyday problems.

Here and now!

Like any theoretical system, when translated into practice, FlyLady contains more and less applicable advice. But every woman can definitely find something useful for herself. For example, for me the main benefit of the FlyLady system is the theory of hotpoints. And if you persistently explain to your family several times that one person cannot sort out what three or four people regularly litter, the result will be sure! In addition, the FlyLady system reminds: “Your house didn’t get dirty overnight, and it won’t get clean overnight. Small steps will lead you to the desired result.” Get to work, flying housewives!