Alexander Borodin: photo of the composer and short biography. The Mighty Bunch of Russian Composers: Borodin (end)

Avdotya Konstantinovna.

Due to his background, which did not allow him to enter the gymnasium, Borodin passed home schooling in all subjects of the gymnasium course, studied German and French and received an excellent education.

Already in childhood he discovered his musical talent, at the age of 9 he wrote his first piece - the polka “Helen”. He studied (at the behest of his mother, mainly at home) to play the musical instruments- first on the flute and piano, and from the age of 13 - on the cello. At the same time he created the first serious musical composition- concerto for flute and piano.

At the age of 10, he became interested in chemistry, which over the years turned from a hobby into his life’s work.

However, doing science and receiving higher education prevented by the same “illegal” origin young man, which, in the absence of a legal possibility of changing social status, forced Borodin’s mother and her husband to use the department of officials of the Tver Treasury Chamber to enroll their son in the Novotorzhskoe third guild of merchants. He received the right to graduate from high school and continue his education at a higher educational institution.

In the summer of 1850, Borodin excellently passed the matriculation exams at the First St. Petersburg Gymnasium, and in September of the same year, seventeen-year-old “merchant” Alexander Borodin entered the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy as a volunteer, graduating in December 1856. While studying medicine, Borodin continued to study chemistry under the guidance of N. N. Zinin.

In 1858, Borodin received his doctorate of medicine, having conducted chemical research and defended a dissertation on the topic “On the analogy of phosphoric and arsenic acid in chemical and toxicological relations.”

In the same year, the Military Medical Scientific Council sent Borodin to Soligalich to study the composition of the mineral waters of the hydropathic clinic founded in 1841 by the merchant V. A. Kokorev. The report on the work, published in the newspaper Moskovskie Vedomosti in 1859, became a real scientific work on balneology, which brought the author wide fame.

Foreign trip (1859-1862)

Since October 1859, Alexander Borodin improved his knowledge in the field of chemistry abroad - initially in Germany (Heidelberg University). In September 1860, Borodin, along with Zinin and Mendeleev (the first was his teacher, the second his friend), participated in the famous international congress of chemists in Karlsruhe. Here, clear definitions were given to the concepts of “atom” and “molecule” (“particle”, “corpuscle”), which meant the final triumph of the atomic-molecular theory of the structure of matter, and the so-called “new” atomic weights established by the works of the brilliant French chemist Gerard (d. 1856) and his students. In the fall of 1860, Borodin and Mendeleev visited Genoa and Rome, pursuing purely tourist purposes, after which Mendeleev returned to Heidelberg, and Borodin went to Paris, where he spent the winter. In Paris, Borodin was engaged in serious scientific work, visited the library, and listened to lectures by famous scientists.

In the spring of 1861 Borodin returned to Heidelberg. Here in May 1861 he met Ekaterina Sergeevna Protopopova, a young unmarried woman, who suffered from a serious chronic bronchopulmonary disease and came to Germany for treatment. Ekaterina Sergeevna turned out to be a wonderful pianist and the owner of an absolute ear for music. According to her memoirs, Borodin “at that time still knew almost no Schumann at all, and Chopin perhaps a little more.” The meeting with new musical impressions awakened Borodin's interest in composition, which began to fade somewhat, and Ekaterina Sergeevna soon became his bride. In September, her health deteriorated significantly, and the Heidelberg professor gave a recommendation to urgently change the climate - to go south, to Italy, to Pisa. Borodin accompanied her. After a visit to De Luca, professor of chemistry at the University of Pisa, who met his Russian colleague “in highest degree kindly,” Borodin received the opportunity to study in a university laboratory, where he “undertook serious work with fluoride compounds.” He returned to Heidelberg only in the summer of 1862.

Chemistry Professor

Upon returning to Russia, Borodin had to temporarily part with his fiancée, who stayed with his mother in Moscow, while he himself went to St. Petersburg, where he presented a report on his foreign business trip and soon received the position of associate professor at the Medical-Surgical Academy. The new position did not at all improve the financial situation of the young scientist: the salary was only 700 rubles a year, whereas before, as a hospital resident, he received 900 rubles a year. In addition, Borodin for a long time could not get the government apartment promised to him in the new building of the Faculty of Natural History, where the finishing work was far from completed. Material and everyday problems prompted Borodin to postpone the wedding, which took place only in April 1863. Financial problems haunted the family for the rest of their lives, forcing Borodin to work hard - teaching at the Forestry Academy and translating.

Since 1864, Borodin has been an ordinary professor, since 1874 - the head of a chemical laboratory, and since 1877 - an academician of the Medical-Surgical Academy. Since 1883 - honorary member of the Society of Russian Doctors. A.P. Borodin is a student and closest collaborator of the outstanding chemist N.N. Zinin, with whom in 1868 he became a founding member of the Russian Chemical Society.

Musical creativity

While still studying at the Medical-Surgical Academy, Borodin began to write romances, piano pieces, chamber instrumental ensembles, which displeased his scientific advisor Zinin, who believed that playing music interfered with serious scientific work. For this reason, during his internship abroad, Borodin, who did not give up musical creativity, was forced to hide it from his colleagues.

A.P. Borodin, upon returning to Russia, met the composer Mily Balakirev and entered his circle (received in later tradition the name “Mighty Handful”). Under the influence of M. A. Balakirev, V. V. Stasov and other participants in this creative association The musical and aesthetic orientation of Borodin’s views was determined as an adherent of the Russian national school in music and a follower of M. I. Glinka. A.P. Borodin was an active member of the Belyaevsky circle.

IN musical creativity Borodin clearly sounds the theme of the greatness of the Russian people, patriotism and love of freedom, combining epic breadth and masculinity with deep lyricism.

Creative heritage Borodin, who combined scientific and teaching activities with service to art, is relatively small in volume, but it made a most valuable contribution to the treasury of Russian musical classics.

The most significant work of Borodin is rightfully recognized as the opera “Prince Igor”, which is an example of national heroic epic in music. The author worked on the main work of his life for 18 years, but the opera was never finished: after Borodin’s death, the opera was completed and orchestrated based on Borodin’s materials by composers N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A. K. Glazunov. Staged in 1890 at the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theatre, the opera, distinguished by the monumental integrity of its images, the power and scope of folk choral scenes, and the brightness of national coloring in the tradition of Glinka’s epic opera Ruslan and Lyudmila, had big success and to this day remains one of the masterpieces of Russian opera art.

A.P. Borodin is also considered one of the founders of the classical genres of symphony and quartet in Russia.

Borodin's first symphony, written in 1867 and released simultaneously with the first symphonic works of Rimsky-Korsakov and P. I. Tchaikovsky, marked the beginning of the heroic-epic direction of Russian symphonism. The symphony was first performed in 1869 under the direction of M. A. Balakirev, its score was published by V. V. Bessel in 1882. The composer’s Second (“Bogatyrskaya”) Symphony, written in 1876, is recognized as the pinnacle of Russian and world epic symphonism. The first performance took place in 1877 under the direction of E. F. Napravnik. The score was published in 1887, posthumously, in the edition of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A. K. Glazunov, who made significant changes to its music. Both symphonies received recognition abroad during Borodin’s lifetime; the First was much more popular at that time.

Among the best chamber instrumental works are the First and Second Quartets, presented to music lovers in 1879 and 1881. In the last years of his life, Borodin worked on the Third Quartet.

The music of the second part of Borodin's String Quintet was used in the 20th century to create the most popular song “I See Wonderful Freedom” (with lyrics by F. P. Savinov).

Borodin is not only a master of instrumental music, but also subtle artist chamber vocal lyrics, a striking example of which is the elegy “For the Shores of the Distant Fatherland” to the words of A. S. Pushkin. The composer was the first to introduce into the romance images of the Russian heroic epic, and with them the liberation ideas of the 1860s (for example, in the works “The Sleeping Princess”, “Song dark forest"), also being the author of satirical and humorous songs ("Arrogance", etc.).

The original creativity of A.P. Borodin was distinguished by its deep penetration into the system of both Russian folk song, and the music of the peoples of the East (in the opera “Prince Igor”, the symphonic film “In Central Asia"and others symphonic works) and had a noticeable impact on the Russians and foreign composers. The traditions of his music were continued by Soviet composers (S. S. Prokofiev, Yu. A. Shaporin, G. V. Sviridov, A. I. Khachaturyan, etc.)

Public figure

Borodin's merit to society is his active participation in the creation and development of opportunities for women to receive higher education in Russia: he was one of the organizers and teachers of Women's Medical Courses, where he taught from 1872 until their liquidation in 1885.

Borodin devoted considerable time to working with students and, using his authority, defended them from political persecution by the authorities in the period after the assassination of Emperor Alexander II.

Borodin's musical works were of great importance for the international recognition of Russian culture, thanks to which he himself gained world fame precisely as a composer, and not as a scientist, to whom he devoted most of his life.

Addresses

Family life

Ekaterina Sergeevna Borodina suffered from asthma and did not tolerate the unhealthy climate of St. Petersburg, and in the fall she usually went to Moscow, where she lived for a long time with relatives, returning to her husband only in the winter, when dry, frosty weather set in. However, this still did not guarantee her the absence of asthmatic attacks, during which her husband was both a doctor and a nurse for her. Despite serious illness, Ekaterina Sergeevna smoked a lot; At the same time, she suffered from insomnia and fell asleep only in the morning. Alexander Porfiryevich, who dearly loved his wife, was forced to put up with all this.

The composer's great-granddaughter Zinaida Timofeevna Borodina was married to the famous trainer Yuri Vladimirovich Durov, their daughter is Natalya Yuryevna Durova (04/13/1934-11/27/2007) [ ]

Untimely death

For last year Throughout his life, Borodin repeatedly complained of pain in the heart area. Detailed description his circumstances sudden death contained in the memoirs of M. V. Dobroslavina. Borodin died on the evening of February 15 (27) in his own state-owned “academic” apartment, in the midst of general fun at a costume party he organized on the occasion of Maslenitsa. During a conversation with Dobroslavina, Borodin suddenly lost consciousness and fell. “Everyone rushed to him and immediately on the floor, without lifting him, began to bring him to his senses. Little by little, all the doctors and professors who lived at the academy came together. For almost an hour they made every effort to bring him back to life. Every means was tried, and nothing helped."

The cause of Borodin's death was recognized as heart failure.

Major works

Operas

• Bogatyrs (1868)
• Mlada (with other composers, 1872)
• Prince Igor (1869-1887)
• The Tsar's Bride(1867-1868, sketches, lost)

Works for orchestra

• Symphony No. 1 Es major (1866)
• Symphony No. 2 in b-moll “Bogatyrskaya” (1875)
• Symphony No. 3 in a minor (1887, completed and orchestrated by Glazunov)
• Symphonic painting “In Central Asia” (1880)

Chamber instrumental ensembles

• string trio on the theme of the song “How have I upset you” (g-moll, 1854-55)
• string trio (Bolshoi, G major, until 1862)
• piano trio (D major, before 1862)
• string quintet (f minor, until 1862)
• string sextet (d minor, 1860-61)
• piano quintet (C minor, 1862)
• 2 string quartets (A major, 1879; D major, 1881)
• Serenade in the Spanish style from the quartet B-la-f (collective composition, 1886)

Works for piano

Two hands

• Pathetic Adagio (As-dur, 1849)
• Little Suite (1885)
• Scherzo (As-dur, 1885)

Three hands

• Polka, Mazurka, Funeral March and Requiem from Paraphrase on an Unchangeable Theme (collective composition by Borodin, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, T. A. Cui, A. K. Lyadov, 1878)

Four hands

• Scherzo (E major, 1861)
• Tarantella (D major, 1862)

Works for voice and piano

• The beautiful girl fell out of love (50s)
• Listen, my friends, to my song (50s)
• Why are you early, little dawn (50s)
• (words by G. Heine, 1854-55) (for voice, cello and piano)
• (words by G. Heine, translation by L. A. May, 1868)
• (words by G. Heine, translation by L. A. May, 1871)
• In people's houses (words by N. A. Nekrasov, 1881)
• (words by A. S. Pushkin, 1881)
• (words by A.K. Tolstoy, 1884-85)
• Wonderful Garden (Septain G., 1885)

According to Borodin

• Sea princess (1868)
• (1867)
• . Romance (1868)
• Song of the Dark Forest (1868)
• Sea. Ballad (1870)
• Arabian Melody (1881)

Vocal ensemble

• Unaccompanied male vocal quartet Serenade of four gentlemen to one lady (words by Borodin, 1868-72)

Notes

1. ID BNF: Open Data Platform - 2011.
2. N. Grushke // Russian biographical dictionary - St. Petersburg : 1908. - T. 3. - P. 266–272.
3. E. // Musical dictionary: Translation from the 5th German edition/ ed. Yu. D. Engel - M.: Musical publishing house of P. I. Jurgenson, 1901. - T. 1. - P. 145–146.

Borodin Alexander Porfirievich(1833 – 1887),

Russian composer.

He is one of the remarkable representatives of Russian culture of the second half of the 19th century V.: genius composer, outstanding chemist, active public figure, teacher, conductor, musical critic, he also showed extraordinary literary talent.

However, Borodin entered the history of world culture primarily as a composer. He created not so many works, but they are distinguished by the depth and richness of their content, the variety of genres, and the classical harmony of forms. Most of them are associated with the Russian epic, with the story of the heroic deeds of the people. Borodin also has pages of heartfelt, soulful lyrics; jokes and gentle humor are not alien to him.

For musical style The composer is characterized by a wide scope of narration, melody(Borodin had the ability to compose in folk song style), colorful harmonies, active dynamic aspiration. Continuing the traditions of M Glinka, in particular his opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila", Borodin created the Russian epic symphony, and also established the type of Russian epic opera.

Alexander was born on October 31 (November 12), 1833 in St. Petersburg. He was illegitimate son the middle-aged Georgian prince Luka Gedianov and the serf peasant woman Avdotya Antonova. The boy studied languages ​​at home - German, French, English (later he also mastered Italian). He showed an early interest in music: at the age of eight he began taking lessons on the flute, and then on the piano and cello, at nine he composed a polka for piano four hands, and already at the age of fourteen he tried his hand at composing for a chamber ensemble.

However, what attracted Borodin most of all was not music, but chemistry, which became his profession. From 1850 to 1856 he was a volunteer student at the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy, upon graduation he remained there as a teacher and in 1858 received the degree of Doctor of Medicine.

Then Borodin was sent on a scientific trip to Western Europe(1859–1862). Abroad, he met a young Moscow amateur pianist Ekaterina Sergeevna Protopopova, while playing music with whom he discovered the world of romantic music of Chopin, Liszt, and Schumann. Soon they got married. Upon returning to Russia, he was elected associate professor in the department of chemistry of the Medical-Surgical Academy, and in 1864 - an ordinary professor (later head) of the same department.

Despite his intensive studies in science, Borodin never abandoned music: during this period he created string and piano quintets, a string sextet and other chamber works. Decisive in his musical biography was 1862, when Borodin met and became friends with the composer Mily Balakirev and his circle (later known as the New Russian School or the “Mighty Handful”), consisting of Cesar Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Modest Mussorgsky; under their influence, Borodin began work on a symphony in E-flat major.

Its completion was delayed due to the composer’s workload with scientific, teaching and publishing activities (Borodin taught at Women’s medical courses, edited the scientific journal “Knowledge”, etc.), but in 1867 the symphony was nevertheless completed, and in 1869 it was performed under the direction of Balakireva. Borodin’s work on the farce opera Bogatyri dates back to 1867–1868 (a parody of the then widespread genre romantic opera into Russian historical topic, using melodies by J. Offenbach, J. Meyerbeer, A. Serov, Russian songs, etc.); at the same time, he wrote several romances, which are masterpieces of Russian vocal lyrics.

A. Borodin. Romance "The Sleeping Princess"

The success of the First Symphony encouraged Borodin to continue working in this genre: in 1869 the idea of ​​a symphony in B-flat minor appeared, but the composer soon abandoned it, attracted by the idea of ​​an opera based on the plot of the ancient Russian epic The Lay of Igor's Campaign. Soon the opera was also abandoned; Some of the music composed for her was included in the Second Symphony, the completion of which dates back to 1875. From about 1874, Borodin returned to his operatic concept and continued to work from time to time on individual scenes of Prince Igor. However, by the time of the composer's death, the opera remained unfinished.

During this period, Borodin also wrote two string quartets (1879 and 1885), two movements of the Third Symphony in A minor, a musical picture for orchestra “In Central Asia” (1880), a number of romances and piano pieces. His music begins to be performed in Germany, Belgium and France, largely thanks to the assistance of Franz Liszt, with whom Borodin maintained a personal acquaintance.

The opera Prince Igor is undoubtedly the largest creative achievement Borodin. It was completed and instrumented after the death of the composer by his friends Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov and first staged in St. Petersburg in 1890. The Second and unfinished Third Symphonies, as well as the painting “In Central Asia” are similar in imagery to opera: here is the same world Russia's heroic past, which brought to life music of remarkable power, extraordinary originality and bright color, sometimes marked by a rare sense of humor. Borodin did not stand out for his skill as a playwright, but his opera, thanks to its high musical merits, won stages all over the world.

Borodin died in St. Petersburg on February 15 (27), 1887 and was buried at Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

In memory of the outstanding scientist and composer the following were named:

State Quartet named after A.P. Borodin

The streets of Borodin in many populated areas Russia and other countries

Assembly hall named after A.P. Borodin at the Russian Chemical Technology University named after. D. I. Mendeleeva

Children's music school named after A.P. Borodin in St. Petersburg.

Children's music school named after A.P. Borodin No. 89 in Moscow.

Children's music school named after A.P. Borodin No. 17 in Smolensk

Major works

Operas

"Bogatyrs" (1867)

"Mlada" (together with other composers, 1872)

"Prince Igor" (1869-1887)

“The Tsar’s Bride” (1867-1868, sketches, lost)

Works for orchestra

Symphony No. 1 Es major (1867)

Symphony No. 2 in b-moll “Bogatyrskaya” (1876)

Symphony No. 3 in a minor (1887, completed and orchestrated by Glazunov)

Symphonic painting “In Central Asia” (1880)

Chamber instrumental ensembles

string trio on the theme of the song “How have I upset you” (g-moll, 1854-55)

Plaksin Sergey

Presentation about the life and work of A.P. Borodin.

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Completed by: Sergey Plaksin Head: Elena Anatolyevna Vasilyeva Municipal Educational Establishment of Preparatory Children's School of Children's Art School, Oktyabrsky village, Radishchevsky district Ulyanovsk region Presentation on the topic: “Alexander Porfirievich Borodin”

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (1833-1887) “Borodin’s talent is equally powerful and amazing in symphony, opera and romance. His main qualities are gigantic strength and breadth, colossal scope, swiftness and impetuosity, combined with amazing passion, tenderness and beauty." V.V. Stasov

Childhood Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin was born in St. Petersburg on October 31, 1833 from an extramarital affair of the 62-year-old Georgian prince Luka Stepanovich Gedianov (1772-1840) and 25-year-old Avdotya Konstantinovna Antonova and at birth was recorded as the son of the prince’s serf servant - Porfiry Ionovich Borodin and his wife Tatyana Grigorievna. Alexander Borodin's mother was a music lover - she played the guitar, sang Russian songs and romances

Borodin was home-schooled in all subjects of the gymnasium course, studied German and French and received an excellent education. Already in childhood he discovered musical talent, at the age of 9 he wrote his first piece - the polka “Helen”. He studied playing musical instruments - first the flute and piano, and from the age of 13 - the cello. At the same time, he created his first serious musical work - a concerto for flute and piano. At the age of 10, he became interested in chemistry, which over the years turned from a hobby into his life’s work. Youth

Medica - Surgical Academy (1850-1858) In 1850, Borodin entered the Medico-Surgical Academy. He studied with zeal and self-sacrifice. There was less time for music, but on occasion, I listened to romances by Alyabyev, Varlamov, Gurilev, Violboa with friends and tried to compose romances similar to them. He also composed chamber ensembles. Even then, Alexander Borodin developed a lifelong love for Glinka and was very fond of his opera “A Life for the Tsar”

Medicine and chemistry In March 1857, young Alexander was appointed as a resident at the Second Military Land Hospital, where he met the officer Modest Mussorgsky, who was being treated. In 1868, Borodin received his doctorate of medicine, having conducted chemical research and defended a dissertation on the topic “On the analogy of phosphoric and arsenic acid in chemical and toxicological relations.” In 1858, the Military Medical Scientific Council sent Borodin to Soligalich to study the composition of the mineral waters of the hydropathic clinic founded in 1841 by the merchant V. A. Kokorev. The work report, published in the Moskovskie Vedomosti newspaper in 1859, became a real scientific work on balneology, which brought the author wide fame

Foreign business trip Since 1859, Borodin improved his knowledge in the field of chemistry abroad - in Germany (Heidelberg University). In September 1860, Borodin, along with Zinin and Mendeleev, participated in the famous international congress of chemists in Karlsruhe. Here, clear definitions of the concepts “atom” and “molecule” were given, which meant the final triumph of the atomic-molecular theory of the structure of matter. In the fall of 1860, Borodin and Mendeleev visited Genoa and Rome, pursuing purely tourist purposes, after which Mendeleev returned to Heidelberg, and Borodin went to Paris, where he spent the winter. In Paris, Borodin was engaged in serious scientific work, visited the library, and listened to lectures by famous scientists. City of Heidelberg

In the spring of 1861 Borodin returned to Heidelberg. Here, in May 1861, he met Ekaterina Sergeevna Protopopova, a young unmarried woman who came to Germany for treatment. Ekaterina Sergeevna turned out to be a wonderful pianist and the owner of an absolute musical ear. According to her memoirs, Borodin “at that time still knew almost no Schumann at all, and Chopin perhaps a little more.” The meeting with new musical impressions awakened Borodin's interest in composition. Ekaterina Sergeevna soon became his bride. In September, her health deteriorated significantly, and the Heidelberg professor gave a recommendation to urgently change the climate - to go south, to Italy, to Pisa. Borodin accompanied her. After a visit to De Luca, professor of chemistry at the University of Pisa, who met his Russian colleague “with the utmost kindness,” Borodin was given the opportunity to study in the university laboratory, where he “undertook serious work with fluoride compounds.” He returned to Heidelberg only in the summer of 1862.

Professor of Chemistry Upon his return to Russia, Borodin went to St. Petersburg, where he presented a report on a business trip abroad and soon received the position of associate professor of medical-surgical. Since 1864, Borodin has been an ordinary professor, since 1874 - the head of a chemical laboratory, and since 1877 - academician of Medico -Surgical Academy. Since 1883 - honorary member of the Society of Russian Doctors. In 1868, A.P. Borodin became the founder of the Russian Chemical Society. Author of more than 40 works on chemistry.

“The Mighty Handful” - Balakirevsky Circle While still studying at the Medical-Surgical Academy, Borodin began writing romances, piano pieces, and chamber instrumental ensembles, which displeased his scientific supervisor Zinin, who believed that playing music interfered with serious scientific work. Borodin, who did not give up musical creativity, was forced to hide it from his colleagues. Upon returning to Russia in 1862, he met the composer Mily Balakirev and joined his circle. A. P. Borodin was an active member Balakirevsky circle. The circle consisted of: Mily Alekseevich Balakirev, Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, Alexander Porfirievich Borodin, Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov and Caesar Antonovich Cui The ideological inspirer and the main non-musical consultant of the circle was the art critic, writer and archivist Vladimir Vasilyevich Stasov

Musical creativity In Borodin's musical creativity, the theme of the greatness of the Russian people, patriotism and love of freedom is clearly heard, combining epic breadth and masculinity with deep lyricism. The creative legacy of Borodin, who combined scientific and teaching activities with service to art, is relatively small in volume, but made a most valuable contribution to the treasury of Russian musical classics. January 16, 1869 - first performance of the “First Symphony” (under the direction of Balakirev) - recognition as a composer 1876 - performance of the Second Symphony. Friends called her “Slavic heroic”, “lion-like”, “heroic”

Chamber vocal lyricism Borodin is not only a master of instrumental music, but also a subtle artist of chamber vocal lyricism, a striking example of which is the elegy “For the Shores of the Distant Fatherland” to the words of A. S. Pushkin. The composer was the first to introduce images of the Russian heroic epic into romance, and with them the liberation ideas of the 1860s. Alexander wrote 16 romances and songs based on texts by Pushkin, Nekrasov, A. Tolstoy, Heine, and some on his own poems.

String quartets In the winter of 1979 in one of the chamber concerts of the Russian musical society a new work was performed - Borodin's string quartet. On January 26, 1882, Borodin's 2nd quartet was performed, in the nature of lyrical reflection. The listeners especially liked the slow 3rd movement - “Nocturne” - the pearl of Russian song lyrics Borodin String Quartet

The main musical work of April 18, 1869 on musical evening from L.I. Shestakova, V.V. Stasov suggested to the composer “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” as an opera plot. A.P. Borodin took up his work with interest, visited the vicinity of Putivl, studied historical and musical sources related to the time being described. The opera was written over the course of 18 years, but in 1887 the composer died and the opera remained unfinished. According to the notes of A.P. Borodin, the work was completed by Alexander Glazunov and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Characters operas Igor Svyatoslavich, Prince Seversky (baritone) Yaroslavna, his wife in his second marriage (soprano) Vladimir Igorevich, his son from his first marriage (tenor) Vladimir Yaroslavich, Prince Galitsky, brother of Yaroslavna ( high bass) Konchak, Polovtsian khan (bass) Konchakovna, his daughter (contralto) Gzak, Polovtsian khan (without speeches) Ovlur, baptized Polovtsian (tenor) Eroshka, gudoshnik (tenor) Skula, gudoshnik (bass) Polovtsian girl (soprano) Nanny Yaroslavna ( soprano) Russian princes and princesses, boyars and boyars, elders, Russian warriors, girls, people, Polovtsian khans, Konchakovna’s friends, slaves (chagi) of Khan Konchak, Russian prisoners, Polovtsian guards

Recognition abroad In the late 70s and 80s, Borodin's music received recognition abroad. In 1877 he met the composer Franz Liszt. On Liszt's initiative, Borodin's first symphony was performed at the festival in Baden-Baden. The success was enormous. The performance of Borodin's music in Antwerp had the character of a triumph for the city of Baden-Baden, Antwerp F. Liszt

Death During the last year of his life, Borodin repeatedly complained of pain in the heart area. On the evening of February 15 (27), 1887, during Maslenitsa, he went to visit his friends, where he suddenly felt ill, fell and lost consciousness. Attempts to help him were unsuccessful. Borodin died suddenly of a broken heart at the age of 53

Musical works Opera Bogatyri (1868) Mlada (together with other composers, 1872) Prince Igor (1869-1887) The Tsar's Bride (1867-1868, sketches, lost) Works for orchestra Symphony No. 1 Es-dur (1867) Symphony No. 2 h -moll “Bogatyrskaya” (1876) Symphony No. 3 in a-moll (1887, completed and orchestrated by Glazunov) Symphonic picture “In Central Asia” (1880) Chamber instrumental ensembles string trio on the theme of the song “How have I upset you” (g- moll, 1854-55) string trio (Bolshoi, G-dur, until 1862) piano trio (D-dur, until 1862) string quintet (f-minor, until 1862) string sextet (d-minor, 1860-61) piano quintet (C-minor, 1862) 2 string quartets (A-dur, 1879; D-dur, 1881) Serenade in the Spanish style from the B-la-f quartet (collective composition, 1886)

Works for piano Two hands Pathetic Adagio (As-dur, 1849) Little Suite (1885) Scherzo (As-dur, 1885) Three hands Polka, Mazurka, Funeral March and Requiem from Paraphrase on an Unchangeable Theme (collective composition by Borodin, N . A. Rimsky-Korsakov, T. A. Cui, A. K. Lyadov, 1878) and all this with the help of Borodin Four hands Scherzo (E-dur, 1861) Tarantella (D-dur, 1862) Works for voice and piano The beautiful maiden fell out of love (50s) Listen, my friends, to my song (50s) Why are you early, little dawn (50s) The beautiful fisherman (words by G. Heine, 1854-55) The sleeping princess (1867 ) Sea Princess (1868) Song of the Dark Forest (1868) False Note (1868) The Sea (1870) My songs are full of poison (words by G. Heine, 1868) From my tears (words by G. Heine, 1871) Arabic melody (1881) For shores of the distant fatherland (words by A. S. Pushkin, 1881) In people’s houses (words by N. A. Nekrasov, 1881) Arrogance (words by A. K. Tolstoy, 1884-85) Wonderful Garden (Septain, 1885) Vocal ensemble unaccompanied male vocal quartet Serenade of four gentlemen to one lady (words by Borodin, 1868-72)

Memory In memory of the outstanding scientist and composer the following were named: State Quartet named after A.P. Borodin Streets of Borodin in many localities of Russia and other countries Sanatorium named after A.P. Borodin in Soligalich, Kostroma region Assembly hall named after A.P. Borodin at the Russian Chemical Technology University them. D. I. Mendeleev Children's Music School named after A. P. Borodin in St. Petersburg. Children's music school named after A.P. Borodin No. 89 in Moscow. Children's music school named after A.P. Borodin No. 17 in Smolensk Airbus A319 aircraft (number VP-BDM) of Aeroflot airlines

Thank you for your attention

MAIN DATES IN THE LIFE AND ACTIVITY OF A. P. BORODIN

1833 - October 31 (November 12, new style) Avdotya Konstantinovna Antonova and Prince Luka Stepanovich Gedianov had a son, Alexander, who was recorded as the son of Porfiry Ionovich Borodin, a servant of Prince Gedianov.

1850 - Borodin was accepted as a volunteer student at the Medical-Surgical Academy.

1855 - Borodin receives a doctor's diploma - “cum eximia laude” - with honors.

1856 - Appointment as a resident of the Second Military Land Hospital with assignment to the Department of General Therapy, Pathology and Chemical Diagnostics.

1856 - First meeting with M. P. Mussorgsky.

1857 - Trip to the International Congress of Ophthalmologists.

1858 - Defense of a dissertation (“On the analogy of arsenic acid with phosphoric acid in chemical and toxicological relations”) and receiving the title of Doctor of Medicine.

1858 - N. N. Zinin makes a report at a meeting of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the Academy of Sciences about Borodin’s work “Study of the chemical structure of hydrobenzamide and amarine.”

1859 - Borodin conducts practical classes with students of the Medical-Surgical Academy and gives lectures to doctors left at the academy for improvement.

1859 - The Conference of the Medical-Surgical Academy sends Borodin abroad “to improve his chemistry.”

1860 - Borodin participates in the work of the first International Congress of Chemists in Karlsruhe.

1861 - Meeting Ekaterina Sergeevna Protopopova.

1861 - Borodin takes part in the work of the congress of German doctors and naturalists in Speyer. At this congress, Butlerov makes a report “On the chemical structure of matter.”

1862 - For the first time in the history of chemistry, Borodin received fluoride organic compound- benzoyl fluoride.

1862 - Return to Russia and appointment as associate professor at the Medical-Surgical Academy.

1862 - Meeting M. A. Balakirev.

1862 - Work begins on the First Symphony.

1863 - Marriage to E. S. Protopopova.

1864 - Borodin’s work “On the effect of sodium on valeraldehyde” was published in the Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences.

1866 - The First Symphony is completed.

1867 - The romance “The Sleeping Princess” was written.

1867 - At the end of December, the First Congress of Russian Naturalists opened in St. Petersburg, at which Borodin made a report on derivatives of valeraldehyde.

1868 - The romances “The Sea Princess” and “Song of the Dark Forest” were written.

1869 - On January 4, at a concert of the Russian Musical Society, Borodin's First Symphony was performed under the direction of M. A. Balakirev.

1869 - Work began on the opera “Prince Igor” and on the Second Symphony.

1869 - At the Second Congress of Russian Naturalists in Moscow, Borodin makes a report on the isocapric acid he obtained, its aldehyde and salts.

1870 - The romance “The Sea” was written.

1870–1871 - Borodin edits, together with Professor Khlebnikov, the popular science magazine “Knowledge”.

1872 - The fourth act of the opera-ballet “Mlada” was written.

1872 - At a meeting of the Russian Chemical Society on May 4, Borodin makes a report on the condensation products of aldehydes and the discovery of aldol.

1872 - Higher women's medical courses were opened at the Medical-Surgical Academy. Borodin begins to teach chemistry courses.

1873 - Borodin participates in the Fourth Congress of Russian Naturalists and Doctors in Kazan.

1874 - Work begins on the First Quartet.

1876 ​​- Second Symphony completed.

1877 - Meeting the Hungarian composer F. Liszt.

1877 - On February 26, Borodin's Second Symphony was performed at a concert of the Russian Musical Society under the direction of E. F. Napravnik.

1877 - Borodin was elected academician of the Medical-Surgical Academy.

1879 - The First Quartet is completed.

1880 - The musical film “In Central Asia” was written.

1880 - Death of N. N. Zinin.

1881 - Death of M. P. Mussorgsky. The romance “For the Shores of the Distant Fatherland” was written.

1882 - The Second Quartet is completed.

1886 - The Third Symphony began.