What is Adolf Hitler's last name? Historical myths: Hitler's real name

Adolf Gitler ( real name Schicklgruber was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau (Austria-Hungary).
Hitler's father, Alois Schicklgruber, was a customs official. His marriage to Clara Pöltzel was his third and just as unhappy as the previous two. Alois took the surname Hitler (originally Gidler, it was his father’s surname) when he was already married for the third time.
Hitler's mother, peasant Klara Poeltzel, was younger than husband for 23 years. She gave birth to five children, of whom two survived: son Adolf and daughter Paula.
1895 - Adolf enters the public school city of Fischlham.
1897 - the mother sends her son to the parish school of the Benedictine monastery in Lambach, hoping that the son will become a priest. But Hitler was expelled from the monastery school for smoking.
1900 - 1904 - Hitler studies at a real school in Linz.
1904 – 1905 – again real school, this time in Steyr (the family often changed their place of residence, without, however, leaving Upper Austria). The future Fuhrer did not show much success in his studies, but in communicating with other children he showed all the skills of a leader. At the age of sixteen, Hitler, having quarreled with his father, quit school.
1907 - After spending two years in unspecified activities (for example, visiting city reading rooms), Hitler decides to enter the Academy fine arts in Vienna. The first time I failed to pass the exams. A year later he was not allowed to take the exams at all.
1908 - Hitler's mother dies.
1908 - 1913 - Hitler does odd jobs, almost becomes a beggar. His only source of livelihood was the postcards and advertisements he drew. Then they are formed Political Views future Fuhrer. Because of poverty and his own powerlessness, he acquires hatred of Jews, communists, liberal democrats, “philistine” society... Here, in Vienna, Hitler becomes acquainted with the writings of Liebenfels, where the idea of the superiority of the Aryan race over others was presented.
1913 - Hitler moves to Munich.
1914 - Adolf is summoned to Austria for a medical examination to determine his fitness for duty. military service. After examination, Hitler was released from service due to poor health.
The same year, after the outbreak of World War I, Hitler himself turned to the authorities with a request to allow him to serve. The authorities cooperated, and Adolf was enrolled in the 16th Bavarian Infantry Regiment. After a short training, the regiment was sent to the front.
Hitler began the war as an orderly, but soon became a messenger. It was here that he was able to show his leadership qualities and courage, often bordering on recklessness: he took part in just under fifty battles, delivering orders from the leadership from headquarters to the front line. Twice the messenger Adolf Hitler was sent to the hospital. The first time he was wounded in the leg, the second time he was poisoned by gases.
December 1914 - the first military award. It was the Iron Cross, II degree.
August 1918 - for the capture of an enemy commander and several soldiers, Hitler receives a rare award for a low-ranking military man, the Iron Cross, First Class.
June 1919 - after the war, Hitler is sent to Munich for “political education” courses. Upon completion of the course, he becomes a spy, and works for the forces that fought against any communist manifestations in Germany.
September 1919 - Hitler's first public appearance in the Munich beer hall "Schternekkerbrau". On the same day, he is offered to join the DAP, the German workers' party, later renamed the National Socialist Party.
Autumn 1919 - Hitler successfully speaks at several more party meetings, increasingly crowded, and is successful everywhere.
Beginning of 1920 - Hitler completely switches to party work, giving up making money by denunciations.
1921 - Hitler becomes the head of the party and renames it NSDAP - National Socialist German Workers' Party. He expels the founders of the party and assigns dictatorial powers to himself, as the first chairman. It was then that Adolf Hitler began to be called the Fuhrer (leader). His party preaches anti-Semitism, racism, and rejection of liberal democracy.
November 8, 1923 - Hitler and Erich Ludendorff (general, veteran of the First World War) try to carry out a “national revolution” in Munich. It was supposed to be the beginning of a “march on Berlin” with the goal of overthrowing the “Jewish-Marxist traitors.” The attempt failed and both were arrested. The event went down in history as the “Beer Hall Putsch” (the decision to carry out “ national revolution"was accepted in one of the Munich beer halls).
Spring 1924 - Hitler is sentenced to five years in prison for attempting a coup. But he spends only 9 months behind bars. During this time, the Fuhrer dictated to Rudolf Hess the first volume of the programmatic book for Nazism, “Mein Kampf” (“My Struggle”).
August 1927 - The first congress of the National Socialist Party takes place in Nuremberg.
1928 - 1932 - NSDAP rushes to power, winning more and more seats in the German parliament with each election period. In 1932, the Nazis achieved their goal of becoming the largest political party in Germany. At the same time, street clashes between “browns” (Nazis) and communists are becoming more frequent.
Around this period, Hitler met Eva Braun. Long years their connection is not advertised.
January 30, 1933 - President of the Weimar Republic Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler Reich Chancellor of Germany. On the same day, parliament was already discussing methods of combating the German communist party. Hitler publicly asked for four years to fight the communists. During the same year, the Fuhrer practically managed to defeat all anti-Nazi forces - he simply did not allow them to unite.
June 30, 1934 - “Night of the Long Knives,” or simply a bloody massacre on the streets of Berlin. There was a split in the Nazi party; former comrades of Hitler demanded more radical social reforms. The Fuhrer accused the leader of the opposition, E. Rehm, of preparing an assassination attempt on himself; as a result, several hundred opposition supporters were slaughtered during the “Night of the Long Knives.” After that german army swore allegiance not to Germany, as usual, but to the Fuhrer personally.
The policy of the Nazis and Adolf Hitler personally was to establish a total dictatorship. Were created concentration camps, Gestapo (secret police), Ministry of Education (pro-Nazi, of course), Nazi public organizations(for example, “Hitlerjugend” - “Hitler Youth”). Jews were declared the worst enemies of all humanity.
1935 - Hitler concludes a “fleet treaty” with England. Now Germany can build warships. In Germany, universal conscription was introduced.
1939 - The Non-Aggression Pact was signed with the Soviet Union. A little over a week later the Second begins World War. Hitler imposes his battle plan on the command, despite the protests of professional military men who claim that Germany cannot cope with its allies (England and France). Two years later, the Nazis violate the Non-Aggression Pact.
Winter 1941 - 1942 - Hitler is shocked by the defeat inflicted on the Nazi army by the “racially inferior” Slavic people near Moscow.
July 20, 1944 - an assassination attempt was made on Adolf Hitler. The Fuhrer managed to turn this event as a reason for continuing the war and, therefore, for the total mobilization of all German resources. Mobilization allowed the Nazis to stay in the war for some time.
Spring 1945 - the Fuhrer understands that World War II is lost.
End of April 1945 - Mussolini and his mistress were shot in Italy. The news of this completely throws Hitler off balance.
April 29, 1945 - Hitler marries Eva Braun. M. Bormann and J. Goebbels are present at the wedding as witnesses.
Around the same time, the Fuhrer wrote a political will, in which he called on future leaders of Germany to fight “against the poisoners of all nations - international Jewry.” Also in his will, Hitler accuses Goering and Himmler of treason and appoints K. Dennitz as president and Goebbels as chancellor as his successors.
April 30, 1945 - Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide by taking lethal doses of poison. Their bodies, at the request of the Fuhrer, were burned in the garden of the Reich Chancellery.

The name “Hitler” used to be associated with something negative in our country. No one even really knew when Hitler's birthday was. And it would never even have occurred to anyone to congratulate him on his next anniversary.
But there were young people who wanted to congratulate Hitler so much that they even cut their hair bald. It would seem, what joy would Hitler get from this? But such questions are asked only by those who have something to ask. The rest shave their heads so that their heads rest in the summer, are ventilated in the fall, their hats fit better in winter, and Hitler would be happy in the spring.
It is for such people that we publish the biography of Adolf Schicklgruber-Hitler. For the first time in Russian, by the way.
BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY

Little Gitlya was born in territory occupied by the Germans. But this is not what made him a fascist. First, Gitli's childhood was stolen from him. It happened like this: Gitlya was forced to go to school, and after school to walk back and stop at the store on the way. But this is not what made him a fascist. Although it made me very angry.
Then Gitli's adolescence was stolen from him. One beautiful girl(not Eva Braun, but more beautiful) did not want Gitlya to tickle her with his youthful mustache. Gitli immediately developed a cockroach complex. He began to be afraid of people in hard shoes with newspapers in their hands.
To overcome this complex, Gitl joined the army. There his youth was stolen from him, along with foot wraps and a photograph of a naked woman (possibly his mother or sister).
Gitlya could no longer tolerate this and became a fascist. In addition, he added the courageous letter “ER” to his rather flimsy name and turned from the fumbling Gitli into the Fuhrer Hitler.
At that time there were few fascists in Germany, and Hitler easily stood out among them, beating the second German fascist and two anti-fascists. From that moment on, there were four fascists in Germany.
Adolf suggested wonderful fascist names to his friends: Athos, Porthos, Aramis and Hitler. Everyone wanted to be Hitler, because the other names seemed kind of frogish.
But Adolf himself was already Hitler. Then he came up with nicknames for his friends: Borman, Shmorman and Otorman. They somehow agreed to Borman, but Shmorman and Otorman were left without owners. I had to pull out the ones I had hidden for good people the names of Goebbels and Himmler.
At this point Borman was offended. If he had known that later such Zykan names as Goebbels and Himmler would be thrown out, would he have agreed to the almost Jewish Bormann? I had to take “Borman” back and issue an NZ -- sonorous name"Goering".
Finally, all procedural issues were resolved and Hitler, Goering, Himmler and Goebbels (sounds great, right?) could go and drink beer in a Munich pub.
It was there that these four “Ges,” as those around them called them, decided to conquer the whole world. And not with the help of smiles or some “Yesterday” song, but for real: with the help of SS divisions, Panther tanks and Messerschmidt aircraft.
When the money ran out, but the desire to drink beer still remained, the friends ordered the bartender to pour them a loan. The burry bartender refused and in the program of the angry fascists a clause appeared about special camps where such bartenders would be kept and all sorts of nasty things could be done to them. There are different humiliations there... So that you can pinch the bartender on the nose or give him a slap, and if he, such a clever bastard, decides to dodge, then burn him in the stove.
The bartender was immediately informed about this program, but for some reason he did not believe it, did not sell the bar and did not leave the country. But he had such an opportunity for another fifteen years.
Nobody immediately gave the scoundrels a hat, and they became insolent: they took it and came to power. What did the people buy? They took it and promised that the people would no longer work. The people really liked it, but the question arose: who will work then? Goebbels came up with the answer on the spot, saying that others would work. And Bormann added “peoples”. Himmler clarified that they would not be conquered today or tomorrow specifically for this purpose.
And indeed, looking ahead, let’s say that the peoples of Europe were conquered surprisingly quickly. They immediately began working for the Germans and only asked not to kill them.
But with the Russians everything turned out to be more complicated. Firstly, they are very similar to the Germans - they also don’t like to work. But unlike the Germans, they like to drink vodka, not beer. Moreover, they drink as much vodka as the Germans drink water in the morning after beer.
But let's return to Hitler. In his prime he suffered fatal love to Eva Braun (translated: to the Primordial Brown Woman). It must be said that Eva was not a beauty, but they did not tell Hitler this. And when he realized this, it was difficult to get rid of Eve. I had to poison her. By chance, together with Eva, Hitler poisoned the dog, himself, and released water into the Berlin swastika-banner metro named after Hitler.
For some reason, everyone decided that Hitler was so upset because he lost the war. Fascists don’t get upset over such little things. And even more so, they don’t poison themselves in vain because of this. At most: they will change their name, appearance, and go to Argentina.
No, this is a common everyday mistake when a wife is poisoned.
In general, Hitler’s life was so boring that when it ended, he only managed to say: “Halt!” that's all. There was nothing to even remember. Just one stupid animal desire for everything to continue, for everyone to have money and money. (c)

More than seventy years have passed since he disappeared, and we still remember Adolf Hitler. Many with horror, and some with nostalgia. It is impossible to imagine the history of the twentieth century without this ominous figure. Like a jack-in-the-box, he jumped onto the political scene of Weimar Germany and conquered it. Then, as if playing, he threw the countries at his feet Western Europe and drew them into the slaughter of nations. Now it is not customary to remember this, but until 1939, Hitler had many fans abroad, for whom the Fuhrer was an example of a strong, strong-willed leader. It hides many mysteries dizzying career. Not all of them have been revealed to this day.

Nomadic childhood

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in the village of Ranshofen in the family of Austrian citizens Alois and Clara. Not a single biography of the founder of National Socialism is complete without unraveling the “family” conflict. Some smart people who want to show off their education stubbornly call Hitler Schicklgruber. However, most historians adhere to a completely convincing version, according to which Alois took his father's surname before Adolf was born. Therefore, there is no reason to tease Hitler with Schicklgruber. However, this does not stop journalists who want to catch the next sensation in the maelstrom of the past of the great Fuhrer.

The mother doted on her offspring. Adolf was the first surviving child, after three who died. In those distant times, giving birth at the age of 29 was a feat and a miracle for a woman. Was it not this fact that prompted Hitler to think about his chosenness?

His father often changed his place of work, so Adolf was forced to wander from school to school. At first diligent and inquisitive, he significantly lost his student's ardor when he crossed the threshold of his fourth school. Favorite subjects were history, geography and drawing. Everything else was disgusting and led to the first serious problem in his life - Adolf Hitler was retained for the second year. One can imagine the indignation this caused in the father, who was too demanding of his sons. However, he soon dies. Adolf's nomadic childhood ends.

Failed artist

Now he can give in to his main passion- drawing. At his mother's request, he continues to go to school, but lives separately. At this time, he wrote poetry and short stories, became seriously interested in Wagner, and read a lot. School was abandoned. In 1907, Klara Hitler dies. Having settled the inheritance matters, Adolf goes to Vienna. This period of his life is known from Mein Kampf. Hitler does not hide his plight in those years. It is not possible to enter the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. Life free artist could have been exchanged for service in the Austrian army, but Adolf prefers to live from hand to mouth, doing odd jobs.

Vienna is the capital of a multinational empire, where Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Hungarians, Croats and Jews flocked. Most are poor and dirty. Their incomprehensible language seems to Hitler like a jumble of meaningless sounds. It is then that hatred of all strangers arises in him. It was a squabble in a large communal apartment, where the Germans were forced to fight for a handful of coins with foreigners. It is in the slums that the theory of racial superiority has its faithful adherents. Adolf Hitler did not invent anything, but absorbed these ideas.

His landscapes are usually called mediocre. This is wrong. Look at the sketches and picturesque miniatures young Hitler. They are elegant and detailed. But the era classical art gone into the past. Impressionism flourished in France, based not on a truthful depiction of reality, but on the power of sensuality. But Hitler was a retrograde. Until the end of his days he will retain his disgust for the “incomprehensible daub” of the rotten intelligentsia. His whole life was a desire to return to the old good traditions. For this he was ready to destroy the entire world.

His fight

The formation of the Fuhrer is well described in Mein Kampf true Aryans. Participation in the Great War, gassing, post-war poverty and dreams of revenge. Occult ideas and social Darwinism intertwined in Hitler's head in the most monstrous way. Once at a meeting of a tiny nationalist party, he becomes its leader. This is where questions begin that have no clear answers. A man with a hysterical temperament and an absurd figure was supposed to cause laughter among pub regulars. But the funny little man is confidently moving towards his goal. The National Socialist Party acquired rich patrons and capable organizers.

The Nazi putsch of 1923 coincided with proletarian protests in Berlin. Unrest is suppressed mercilessly, but fate is favorable to Hitler. His short imprisonment makes him a martyr of ideas. In prison he writes his general ledger, where he outlines not only the details of his biography, but also plans for the future. Anti-Semitism and aggression are evident in his every phrase. Why are England and France silent? They need him to fight the infection of Bolshevism.

With the Nazis coming to power in 1933, the “era of the thousand-year Reich” begins. Contrary to predictions of a quick collapse, the new regime is only getting stronger. Repression against dissidents and Jews begins immediately, but this does not bother the Western powers. Until recently, Germany groaned under the burden of reparations and indemnities, but now it dictates terms and inflames old grievances. On March 7, 1936, three of nineteen German battalions cross the Rhine, with orders to retreat immediately if the French army appears. But the French army did not appear. Hitler later said: “If the French had entered the Rhineland, we would have had to run away with our tails between our legs.”

Before September 1, 1939, the Third Reich annexed Austria, the Czech Republic and the Rhineland without much effort. Germany was strengthened by loyal allies: Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. The Wehrmacht command looked in horror at what their beloved Fuhrer was doing, but Hitler did not hesitate. He knew that everything would forgive him. And he was forgiven.

Historians of this era never tire of wondering how the nation of Schiller and Goethe turned into complete sadists!? The king (and the Fuhrer) is made by his entourage. Therefore, to call Hitler an ominous demon who dragged the Germans into the abyss would be an exaggeration. Of course, he is a bright figure, but behind him stood a team, some of whose members we still don’t know. The Fuhrer himself did not like to delve into details, entrusting the solution of specific issues to his assistants. But he loved to perform, bringing himself to ecstasy. He loved to travel around the country. The chronicles of his appearance in public are excellent examples of camera and director's work.

So, when we talk about Hitler, we talk about a symbol. There is no need to exaggerate the influence of this person. Hitler was thoroughly prepared for the role of a public leader. It is known that he took acting lessons. Gait, gestures and facial expressions are the result of hard training. His main mystery- those invisible helpers and well-wishers who armed him with racial theory, gave him guarantees of non-interference, paid for the construction of the Wehrmacht and the Nazi state, carried out extermination and inhumane experiments on the “Untermensch” in concentration camps.

Suicide or mysterious disappearance of Adolf Hitler?

Attack on Soviet Union seems completely crazy. Countries already captured by 1941 demanded human and technical resources. Little Germany was at the limit of its capabilities. The famous “tigers” and “panthers” have not yet been adopted for service. Some Wehrmacht battalions rolled through the cities and towns of occupied Poland on ordinary carts. There was not enough food, and sewing of winter clothes had not even begun. There was no frost-resistant machine oil. Didn't Hitler know about this? Or did he hope that the blitzkrieg would collapse the Soviet Union, as House of cards? Researchers are still scratching their heads over the reason for this act. But Hitler was not crazy. Proof of this is the Barbarossa plan. Everything in it is thought out to the smallest detail. Who actually ordered Hitler to attack the USSR?..

By official version he committed suicide on April 30, 1945, by taking poison and shooting himself in the temple. A loyal adjutant doused the bodies of Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun with gasoline and set them on fire near the entrance to the bunker. The corpses were identified by a dentist's assistant who made dentures for Hitler. This valuable recognition did not help her avoid being sent to a Soviet camp. Perhaps out of revenge, she returned to her homeland and renounced her testimony. Versions about the rescue of Hitler and Eva Braun continue to excite the minds of readers greedy for sensations, but they do not change anything. The Fuhrer of the German nation did not show himself in any way in the post-war world, remaining an ominous symbol of fascism.

On July 1, 1751, the first volume of the world's first Encyclopedia was published. And although reference books and terminology dictionaries existed back in Ancient Egypt, it was the French “Encyclopedia, or explanatory dictionary of sciences, arts and crafts” that had the appearance of articles to which we are accustomed.

Until now, encyclopedias remain one of the main authorities to which both scientists and ordinary readers traditionally turn for a qualified definition, but not a single book is immune from inaccuracies. AiF.ru recalls the most famous blunders of authoritative publications.

"Grozny" Vasilievich

One of the funniest mistakes, which has already turned into a historical joke, happened to the famous encyclopedic dictionary, published in France by Larousse Publishing House. The 1903 edition published an article about Ivan IV, in which his famous nickname “Terrible” was interpreted somewhat differently. It said: “Ivan the Fourth, Tsar of All Rus', nicknamed Vasilyevich for his cruelty.”

Alternative astronomy

In 2008, the Great Astronomical Encyclopedia, published by one of the largest publishing houses in the country, was at the center of the scandal. The book consisted of 25 thousand dictionary entries and serious errors were made in several of them. For example, the constellation Lynx, which on all star maps is located near the north pole of the world, suddenly turned out to be in the southern hemisphere, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor turned their tails towards each other, and Neptune’s satellite Triton turned out to be a constellation, which did not even prevent it from having mass.

Hitler's "real" surname

In the third edition of "Big Soviet encyclopedia"to the horror of many historians, an error was made in the article about Adolf Hitler. In it, the authors indicated that the “real” surname of the Fuhrer was Schicklgruber, although in fact only his father Alois bore this surname in his youth, while Adolf himself was Hitler all his life.

Strait instead of a revolutionary

A funny story happened with the fifth volume of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, which published a laudatory article about Beria. After the Minister of Internal Affairs was arrested and shot, the editors of TSB sent out a special letter to all subscribers, which recommended using scissors or a razor blade to “remove pages 21, 22, 23 and 24 from the fifth volume of TSB, as well as the portrait pasted between 22 and 23 pages." In exchange for the article about Beria, readers were sent additional pages dedicated to the expanded article “Bering Strait”.

Non-existent frog

For a similar reason, an article appeared in the same TSB publication about a “green frog” that does not exist in biological taxonomy. The thing is that on the eve of the publication of the encyclopedia in the so-called “Doctors’ Case” he was arrested Academician Vladimir Zelenin and it was decided to replace his biography with an article about an ordinary pond frog, which was called “green”.

Lost bison

In 2005, an incident occurred related to the oldest and one of the most famous universal encyclopedias in the world, the Encyclopedia Britannica (Britannica). In the latest edition, the usual 12-year-old British schoolboy discovered five errors at once regarding information about Belarus, Poland and Ukraine. For example, the encyclopedia claimed that bison are found only in Poland, the city of Khotyn is not in Ukraine, but in Moldova, and the Polish part of Belovezhskaya Pushcha is located in the districts of Bialystok, Suwalki and Lomza.

Too complex hieroglyph

More more errors in 2006, was found by a 56-year-old resident of Shanghai in the latest edition of the most popular explanatory dictionary Chinese language Xinhua Zidian. In the book, which is widely used both domestically and around the world, he found 4,000 typos and even went to court with a complaint against the publishers. By the way, errors are discovered from time to time in the best-selling Chinese dictionary, but most often the publishers manage to prove that these are not errors, but just a misunderstanding of the hieroglyphs by readers.

The name of Adolf Hitler has been of concern to professional historians, those simply interested, fans of political battles and debates, as well as many others, for several decades now. Perhaps it is not an exaggeration to say that this topic has already gone beyond just curious information. Like Adolf Hitler himself, the real name of this man has long been the subject of speculation by a variety of forces. Some are trying to find him Jewish roots, building after this theories about secret cooperation, about a well-thought-out initial conspiracy. For others, Hitler's real surname is a reason to denigrate the entire family of the future Fuhrer for several generations, search for physical and mental abnormalities in relatives, or simply dig into dirty laundry. At the same time, researchers have put an end to this issue quite a long time ago. Hitler's real name is already known, and if you look at it, there is no significant reason for discussion. All existing disputes are largely far-fetched. Let's try to figure it out.

What is it Hitler's real name?

The future leader of the Nazi Party was born on April 20, 1889. His father, Alois Hitler, was first a shoemaker and later a civil servant. By the way, the father’s attempt to force his son to also become a government clerk not least instilled in the latter a dislike for all kinds of conventions and strict service in general. In this regard, it is interesting that Alois lived with the surname Schicklgruber until 1876.

Hence the widespread belief that this is Hitler’s real name. However, it is not. The fact is that the father of the future Fuhrer was an illegitimate child and, until the age of 39, was forced to bear his mother’s surname, since she was not married at that time, and the father was not legally established. Five years after Alois's birth, his mother Maria Anna Schicklgruber marries poor miller Johann Hitler. Biographers of the Fuhrer believe that his probable grandfather was one of the Hitler brothers.

In 1876, witnesses confirmed that Alois's real father was Johann Hitler, which enabled the man to change his mother's surname to his father's surname.

As for Adolf, this change took place thirteen years before his birth, so he was not a Schicklgruber a single day in his life. And such a misconception is very widespread; moreover, it even crept into some quite serious sources at one time. There were indeed families in his family with such a surname, but it has completely German roots. So calling Hitler Schicklgruber is as legitimate as giving him any other surname that his distant and close relatives once bore. As far as biographers have been able to trace, Adolf Hitler's ancestors were peasants on both his father's and mother's sides. Another interesting incident with the surname “Hitler” is that for many centuries it was written down by ear by priests. For this reason, they even had slightly different spellings in the documents, and as a result, slightly different soundings of their own surnames: Gidler, Hitler, Gudler, and so on.