Andrey Platonovich Platonov...A man who adamantly follows humanistic ideals. The story “Yushka” is confirmation of this. A summary of Platonov’s “Yushki” is the subject of this article.
The reason for this is several factors. On the one hand, special creative style, where inversions play a significant role. As you know, inversion is a change in the classical order of words when presented. To a large extent this artistic technique characterizes the style of any author. Platonov, according to literary scholars, reached unprecedented heights in it.
On the other hand, the writer’s fundamental departure from (the leading method of literature of the USSR). He chose to be unpublished and disgraced, but still continued the tradition of classical Russian literature with his work late XIX century. Platonov’s author’s style was formed not under the influence of party congresses, but thanks to Tolstoy.
Is foolishness still relevant today?
It is obvious that what we have written summary Platonov's "Yushki" displays in a more concise and laconic form than the original story, the personality of the main character - a holy fool of about forty years old with the street nickname Yushka. Yushka is an obsolete word. In the old days, this word in Rus' was used to call the blessed, holy fools. Why did Andrei Platonov choose such a character, atypical for the iron 20th century? Obviously because he considers the theme of holy foolishness for Russia to have not exhausted itself, to have not fulfilled its mission, and to have been undeservedly rejected by a pragmatic society.
On the one hand, the notorious everyday common sense portrays the holy fool as a harmless fool devoid of social guidelines. However, this is only the external side. Much more important in understanding the essence of holy foolishness is its essence: it is a voluntary martyrdom taken on by its adherent, hiding his secret virtue. Perhaps this essence is expressed to a certain extent by the well-known phrase from the Gospel of Matthew: that good should be done secretly, so that right hand I didn’t know what the left was doing.
Portrait of Efim Dmitrievich - Yushki
A lot is said in this story. Therefore, we, following the writer, initially abstract from the present time and will argue that the events described in it occurred in ancient times. This is, in fact, where our brief retelling begins.
Platonov’s “Yushka” tells us about a frail, lonely peasant Efim Dmitrievich (who, strictly speaking, is practically never called by his first name or patronymic), who has aged prematurely, with sparse gray hair where an adult man usually grows a mustache and beard. He was always dressed in the same thing, and did not take off his clothes for months. In the summer, he wore a gray shirt and smoky trousers, scorched by sparks from a blacksmith's forge. In winter, he threw on top of all the above a leaky old sheepskin coat left to him by his late father.
A summary of Platonov’s “Yushki” introduces us to a lonely forty-year-old man: unkempt, outwardly looking much older than his age. The reason for this is the heavy fatal disease. He is sick with tuberculosis, his wrinkled face is the face of an old man. Yushka's eyes are constantly watery and have a whitish tint. Beneath this, let's face it, pathetic appearance lies a beautiful soul. According to the writer, it is precisely people like the holy fool Yushka, who know how to love everything the world and even people who mock them and bring them suffering are capable of changing to to the best all world.
Working at the forge
Yushka always got up for work before dark, and went to the forge when other people were just waking up. In the morning he brought coal, water, and sand needed for work into the forge. As an assistant to the village blacksmith, his duties included holding iron with pliers while the blacksmith forged it. At other times, he watched the fire in the furnace, brought everything necessary to the forge, and managed the horses that were brought in to be shoed.
Main character not a dependent. Despite the deadly disease, he earns hard work To reveal the image, it is important to introduce this circumstance into the summary of the story “Yushka” by Platonov. He works as a blacksmith's assistant.
Holding heavy metal workpieces with tongs, which are being hit by a blacksmith's heavy hammer... Being exposed to the high temperature of the crucible... Perhaps such work is beyond the strength of a sick person. However, the holy fool Yushka does not complain. He bears his burden very well.
The horses, even the skittish ones, which he shoed, for some reason always obeyed him. You should, of course, read Plato’s entire story in order to feel how harmonious and integral this story really is. unusual person. This impression will not be left if you read only a short retelling..
Platonov's "Yushka" tells about the loneliness of the hero. His parents died, he did not start his own family, he did not have his own home. Efim Dmitrievich lived in the blacksmith’s kitchen, taking advantage of the latter’s favor. By mutual agreement, food was included in his wages. However, tea and sugar were a separate expense item. Efim Dmitrievich had to buy them for himself. However, the thrifty little man made do by drinking water, saving money.
People's cruelty towards Yushka
Our hero lived a quiet, lonely working life, as evidenced by our short story. Platonov's "Yushka" also tells us about the inconceivable cruelty of people and even their children towards Efim Dmitrievich.
Some kind of pathological need to do unrequited evil... Quiet, not violent, timid Yushka never fought back his offenders, never even shouted at them or swore. He was like a lightning rod for the evil that had accumulated in people. He was beaten and stoned for no reason, even by children. For what? To rise above this unrequited beggar and kind man? So that, having thrown off the burden of your own baseness, you can cleanse yourself and communicate with other people with dignity? To feel your power over a person who despises the laws of self-interest?
When the children, throwing stones at him, angry at his irresponsibility, caught up and stopped him, began to push and scream, he only smiled. Brief story Platonov's "Yushka" shows the holy fool's special attitude to what is happening. There is not even a shadow of retaliatory aggression in him. On the contrary, he sympathizes with children! He believed that they really loved him, that they needed to communicate with him, but they simply did not know what to do for love.
Unfortunately, the adults beat him even more brutally, apparently enjoying their impunity. The beaten Yushka, with blood on his cheek and a torn ear, rose from the road dust and went to the forge.
It was like martyrdom: daily beatings... Did the torturers of this sick and unfortunate man understand how low they were!
"Yushka" by Platonov as an analogue of "Mockingbird" by Harper Lee
Let us recall, by drawing a conditional parallel, the work of the classical American literature"To Kill a Mockingbird". In it, an unfortunate, defenseless person is still spared. He is generously released from the impending and inevitable violence. The people around him are sure that it is impossible to act cruelly with him. This means taking sin on your soul, it’s like killing a mockingbird - a small, trusting, defenseless bird.
A completely different plot is reflected in our summary of the story “Yushka” by Platonov. The holy fool is brutally beaten, humiliated, and mocked.
He lived hard life an outcast in his own homeland. Why? For what?
What is close to A. Platonov personally in the image of Efim Dmitrievich
Let's take a break from the plot of the story. Let's ask ourselves the question of why Andrei Platonov was so soulfully able to create a living image of the Russian holy fool? But because, in essence, he himself was an outcast in his homeland. The Russian mass reader was able to familiarize himself with his works only thirty years after tragic death writer in 1951.
Undoubtedly, it is Andrei Platonov himself who cries out through the mouth of his holy fool, trying to convince society, which does not recognize his talent, through the mouth of this martyr, that all kinds of people are needed, that everyone is valuable, and not just those who “keep in step.” He calls for tolerance and mercy.
How Yushka fought the disease
Yushka is seriously ill, and he knows that he will not live long... The holy fool was forced to leave the blacksmith for a month every summer. He was traveling from the city to a distant village, where he was from and where his relatives lived.
There Efim Dmitrievich, bending over the ground, greedily inhaled the smell of herbs, listened to the murmur of rivers, looked at the snow-white clouds in the blue-blue sky. A.P. Platonov’s story “Yushka” very heartfeltly tells about how a terminally ill person seeks protection from nature: breathing the caress of the earth, enjoying the gentle rays of the sun. However, every year the disease becomes more and more merciless to him...
Returning to the city, after therapy with nature, without feeling pain in his lungs, he set to work as a blacksmith.
Death
In that fatal summer, at a time when he was just supposed to leave for a month and improve his health, in the evening on the way from the forge he was met by one of his tormentors, overcome by an obvious desire to humiliate and beat this blessed one.
Platonov's story "Yushka" describes the terrible events that led to the death of the holy fool. At first, the tormentor deliberately provoked the unfortunate man with a word, arguing about the futility of his existence. The holy fool responded to this dirty lie fairly and reasonably. This was the first worthy response in his life to the offender, in which real wisdom, kindness, and understanding of the place of every person in God’s world sounded. The scoundrel clearly did not expect such words from the holy fool. He, being unable to object to the simple and clear truth that sounded from the lips of the holy fool, responded with all his might by pushing the unfortunate man, tormented by a terrible illness. Yushka hit the ground with his chest, corroded by tuberculosis, and as a result, the irreparable happened: Efim Dmitrievich was no longer destined to rise, he died in the same place where he fell...
The philosophical meaning of Yushka's death
A. Platonov’s hero Yushka accepts martyrdom, defending his place in the sun, his views on God’s world. And it's touching. Let us recall the analogy from the novel “Doctor Zhivago”, where the idea is that the ideal of this world cannot be a trainer with a smashing scourge in his hand, but a martyr who sacrifices himself becomes it... Only he can change this world. This is exactly how Efim Dmitrievich dies with faith in God’s just order of everything around him. How can the death of just one beautiful person affect the world around him?.. Platonov also talks about this, further developing the plot.
Lesson of nobility
Sacrifice everything... Analysis of the story “Yushka” by Platonov shows that it is this last part of the story that most clearly shows justice last words deceased, that he “is needed by the world, that without him it is impossible...”.
Autumn has come. Once a young lady with a clean face and large gray eyes, which seemed to contain tears, came to the forge. She asked if it was possible to see Efim Dmitrievich? At first the owners were taken aback. Like, what kind of Efim Dmitrievich? Never heard of it! But then they guessed: was it Yushka? The girl confirmed: yes, indeed, Efim Dmitrievich spoke about himself like that. The truth that the guest then told shocked the blacksmith. Efim Dmitrievich once placed her, a village orphan, in a Moscow family, and then in a boarding school; he visited her every year, bringing her money for a year of study. Then, through the efforts of the holy fool, the girl received a doctor’s diploma from Moscow University. This summer her benefactor did not come to see her. Worried, she herself decided to find Efim Dmitrievich.
The blacksmith led her to the cemetery. The girl began to cry, falling to the ground, and spent a long time at the grave of her benefactor. Then she came to this city forever. She settled here and worked as a doctor in a tuberculosis hospital. She gained good fame in the city and became “one of our own.” She was called “the daughter of the good Yushka,” although, however, those who called her did not remember who this same Yushka was.
Disgraced author of "Yushka"
Which one do you think Soviet time could “Yushka” deserve a literary review? Platonov, at his core, was a sincere, integral person. Having initially received the arrival with enthusiasm Soviet power(he always sympathized with the poor and ordinary people), the eighteen-year-old young man soon realized that the Bolsheviks who came to power, often hiding behind revolutionary phrases, were doing things that were not at all for the good of the people.
Not being able to grovel before the authorities, this writer expresses in his writings with utmost honesty what he thinks and feels.
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin at that time personally monitored the “ideological endurance” of Soviet writers. Having read Plato’s story “The Poor Peasants’ Chronicle,” the “father of nations” made his review directly on it - “The Kulak Chronicle!” and then added personal brief description the writer himself - “Bastard”...
You don’t have to guess for long to understand what kind of review “Yushka” would have received in the Soviet press. Platonov, of course, felt the authorities’ suspicious attitude towards him. He could confess a thousand times, “work out”, “correct”, writing an ode to his ideological opponents in the spirit of socialist realism, while increasing his daily bread.
No, he did not bow his head, did not betray the high literature created by the Russian classics. It was published until the 80s of the last century mainly abroad. In 1836, in the American Almanac under the heading “ best essays“His “Third Son” was published, by the way, in the same section they published early work Hemingway. There he was truly recognized for the essence of his talent, a continuer of the search for the soul, a student of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.
Conclusion
Literary scholars, speaking about the continuation in Soviet literature of the traditions laid down by the classics (L.N. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky), invariably mention Andrei Platonovich Platonov.
What characterizes this writer? Refusal of all dogmas. The desire to know and show the reader the world in all its beauty. At the same time, the writer feels the harmony of all things. With special respect, he reveals images of people, sometimes modest and unnoticed, but who really make this world a better, cleaner place.
To feel art style this author and enjoy it, we recommend that you read the story written by Andrei Platonov - “Yushka”.
An amazing story was told to us by A.P. Platonov in the story “Yushka”. It is surprising because of the fate of the main character Efim Dmitrievich, whom all the people called Yushka. The main goal his life was to love people, to give others joy, warmth, kindness. The people did not understand and did not accept Yushka; this man was too strange, incomprehensible, unusual for them, and therefore caused dull irritation.
Yushka was ugly: “short and thin; on his wrinkled face, instead of a mustache and beard, sparse White hair; his eyes were white, like a blind man’s, and there was always moisture in them, like never-cooling tears.” For twenty-five years he worked as an assistant at a forge, but never spent his salary on food or clothing. Yushka was famous in the town, but not because of his memorable appearance or success at work. What made Yushka famous was his unusually gentle disposition. Therefore, everyone, young and old, offended him.
When Yushka quietly walked along the street, the children abandoned their games with one single purpose - to mock the kind old man. And he couldn’t be called an old man: forty-year-old Yushka had long been tormented and aged before his time by consumption. The children were surprised and angry that
Yushka does not respond to their unseemly actions. They threw dry branches, pebbles and clods of earth at his face, trying to anger him. They ran up to him to touch him with their hands and make sure that he was really alive. And Yushka sincerely believed that children loved him, only they did not know how to express their love in any other way. Yushka was convinced that children needed him precisely in order to teach them to love.
Adults were no different from children. They also did not know how to love their neighbors. Yushka’s meekness only caused bitterness - and the adult “beat him more than he wanted at first, and in this evil he forgot his grief for a while.” The unknown always irritates people. They were infuriated by his irresponsibility, his silence, his dissimilarity to them: “Why are you trampling on our land, God’s scarecrow! If only you were dead, maybe it would be more fun without you, otherwise I’m afraid of getting bored!”
The “cheerful passerby” casually kills Yushka and with a clear conscience goes home to drink tea. To the funeral strange man the whole town gathered: “all the people, old and young, came to say goodbye to him, all the people who knew Yushka, and made fun of him, and tormented him during his life.” He always bothered everyone. But has it really become easier for people to live after the death of “God’s effigy”? It turns out, no, without Yushka people’s lives only got worse. All the anger and dissatisfaction with life, which was taken out on Yushka, was now spent on each other.
What was ripening somewhere in the subconscious during Yushka’s life came to the surface after his death: he really was kinder, more merciful than all of them. Yushka did not drink tea, did not buy sugar, and for many years wore the same clothes without changing, which caused bewilderment among those around him. They didn’t know that Yushka was saving money to help an orphan girl. Efim Dmitrievich placed the little orphan with a family in Moscow, then to school. Every year he came to visit the girl, bringing her money so that she could live and study. The girl grew up and became a doctor. She knew that Yushka was suffering from consumption, and came to treat him, “to treat the one who loved her more than anything in the world and whom she herself loved with all the warmth and light of her heart...”.
But Yushka was really needed in this world. He didn't live his life in vain if he devoted it to such noble cause: helped to survive, helped an orphan girl no one needed to become a real person. Perhaps Yushka did not become an ideal for the gray and faceless mass of bitter people, but for a small and lonely girl his name became sacred. With his life, with his example, Yushka taught at least one person in this world to love and give his warmth to others.
The works of Andrei Platonov have that magical quality that makes us think about many things around us. Some situations that are described in his stories cause us some bewilderment and provoke us to protest. .
This is the one strong point his creativity, which does not leave the reader indifferent. The writer masterfully reveals to us the essence of the beauty and sincerity of ordinary people, who, thanks to their deep inner filling, change the world for the better.
The story "Yushka" - the tragedy of a hero
The main character of the story “Yushka” is a man who has an unsurpassed sense of understanding and love of nature. He treats her like a living being. The kindness and warmth of his soul has no boundaries. Having a terrible illness, he does not complain about life, but perceives it as a real precious gift. Yushka has real spiritual nobility: he believes that all people are equal and deserve happiness.
The tragedy of the story lies in the fact that the people around him do not perceive poor Yushka as a person; they make fun of his foolishness and insult him in every possible way at the first opportunity. Children, following the examples of adults, throw stones at him and offend him with contemptuous words.
However, our hero perceives this as self-love, because in his worldview there are no concepts of hatred, ridicule and contempt. Only person, who treated him with gratitude and love, was an orphan whom he raised.
The girl became a doctor and returned to native village to cure his named father, but it was too late for Yushka to finish his difficult life path. But still, she decides to stay in the village to help people. Thus, she continues Yushka’s mission with only one difference: he treated their souls, and she treated their bodies.
Only after his death were people around him able to truly appreciate the kind of person he was. An epiphany dawned on them: Yushka was better than all of them put together, because no one could love and admire the world around him as sincerely as he did. The advice that the unfortunate holy fool gave during his life, which previously seemed stupid, acquired in their eyes real philosophy and wisdom of life.
Morality as the basis of the characters of Platonov’s heroes
In his work, Platonov shows us the need to be more open to the surrounding perception. In pursuit of illusory goals, we lose real priorities, which are love and understanding.
And instead of listening to people who are trying to by example to show all the morality and spirituality of a person, we mercilessly push them away from ourselves.
The language of the era in the story: the relevance of the topic
The situation described in the work is very typical for the beginning of the 20th century, in which society forgot absolutely all the values that were previously inherent in its people. However, the work will remain relevant in any era, because even in modern world society predominantly pursues material values, completely forgetting about spirituality.
Andrei Platonovich Platonov wrote his works of art about helpless and defenseless people for whom the writer felt true compassion.
In the story “Yushka,” the main character is characterized as an “old-looking” man, a worker in a forge on a large Moscow road. Yushka, as people called the hero, led a modest lifestyle, even “didn’t drink tea or buy sugar,” wore the same clothes for a long time, and practically didn’t spend the little money that the owner of the forge paid him. The hero’s whole life consisted of work: “in the morning he went to the forge, and in the evening he went back to spend the night.” People mocked Yushka: children threw various items, pushed and touched him; adults also sometimes offended, venting their resentment or anger. Yushka’s good-naturedness, his inability to fight back, selfless love people made the hero an object of ridicule. Even the owner’s daughter Dasha said: “It would be better if you died, Yushka... Why do you live?” But the hero spoke about human blindness and believed that people love him, but do not know how to express it.
Indeed, both children and adults did not understand why Yushka would not fight back, would not shout, or scold. The hero did not have such human qualities as cruelty, rudeness, anger. The soul of the old man was receptive to all the beauties of nature: “he no longer hid his love for living beings,” “bended to the ground and kissed flowers,” “stroked the bark of the trees and raised butterflies and beetles from the path that had fallen dead.” Being away from human vanity and human malice, Yushka felt truly happy man. Live nature perceived the hero as he is. Yushka grew weaker and weaker and one day, pointing out to a passerby who was laughing at the hero that all people are equal, he died. The death of the hero did not bring the desired relief to people; on the contrary, life became worse for everyone, since now there was no one to take out all human anger and bitterness on. The memory of a good-natured man has been preserved for long years, because a girl doctor, an orphan, came to the city, whom Yushka raised and trained with his little money. She stayed in the city and began to treat people who, like the hero, had tuberculosis.
So, A.P. Platonov portrayed as the main character a good-natured, defenseless man whom people considered a holy fool. But it was Yushka who turned out to be the most humane of people, showing mercy to the orphan girl and leaving a memory of himself.
(Option 2)
The main character of the story, Yushka, is an “old-looking man”: only forty years old, but he has consumption.
Yushka is an unusual person. There were always “uncooling” tears in his eyes, he always saw the grief of people, animals, plants: “Yushka did not hide... his love for living beings... he stroked the bark of the trees and raised butterflies and beetles from the path that had fallen dead, and for a long time I peered into their faces, feeling orphaned.” He knew how to see with his heart. Yushka endured a lot from children and adults who were irritated by his gentleness: the children pushed him, threw earth and stones at him, and the adults beat him. The children, not understanding why he did not react, considered him lifeless: “Yushka, are you true or not?” They liked to mock with impunity. Yushka “believed that the children loved him, that they needed him, only they did not know how to love a person and did not know what to do for love, and therefore they tormented him.” Adults beat me for being “blessed.” By beating Yushka, an adult “forgot his grief for a while.”
Once a year Efim went somewhere, and no one knew where, and one day he stayed and for the first time answered the person who was pestering him: “Why am I bothering you, why am I bothering you!.. I was assigned to live by my parents, I was born by law, The whole world needs me, too, just like you, without me too, which means it’s impossible!..” This first rebellion in his life became the last. Pushing Yushka in the chest, the man went home, not knowing that he had left him to die. After Yushka’s death, people felt worse, since “now all the anger and mockery remained among people and wasted among them, because there was no Yushka, who unrequitedly endured all other people’s evil, bitterness, ridicule and ill will.” And then it became known where Efim Dmitrievich went.
In Moscow, an orphan girl grew up and studied with the money he earned at the forge. For twenty-five years he worked in a forge, never ate sugar, “so that she would eat it.” The girl “knew what Yushka was sick with, and now she herself has completed her studies as a doctor and came here to treat the one who loved her more than anything in the world and whom she herself loved with all the warmth and light of her heart...” The girl did not find Yushka alive, but remained in this city and devoted her entire life to consumptive patients. “And everyone in the city knows her, calling her the daughter of the good Yushka, having long forgotten Yushka himself and the fact that she was not his daughter.”
The genre of the work is short story. The main character is the blacksmith's assistant Yushka. The story is the story of his difficult life.
The plot of the work is a description of Yushka’s life, his work in the forge. As the action progresses, the reader learns about how the people around Yushka treated Yushka, and also that Yushka has some relatives to whom he goes every summer. The climax is an argument with a drunk passer-by and the death of Yushka. The denouement is the arrival of Yushka’s adopted daughter and the story of her further fate.
In his books, Platonov does not describe extreme situations and extraordinary actions; the heroes of his works enter into ordinary everyday relations. Based on these relationships, the writer tries to look deeper into human soul, to touch its still untouched strings. The heroes of his works - simple people, people of labor. Here is the hero of this story - a blacksmith's assistant, who was the subject of universal ridicule, turning into hatred. This man's whole life was spent working.
Yushka was killed. A random drunk passer-by did this because of the anger that was choking him. After Yushka’s death, however, they began to notice that everyone was missing him.
The gentleness of which he was the embodiment has disappeared. Has kindness and meekness disappeared? The fact that people of this kind are bearers of true human values, for some reason, becomes clear only after they leave us.
At the end of the story we learn that Yushka left behind the same kind person- an orphan girl studied with the money he saved and became a doctor, helping the sick day and night. Here is a paradox: Yushka so lacked the understanding and compassion of people, and his adopted daughter generously brought them to people.
There are not many people like Yushka in life. The main problem raised by the writer is that people should not take out their anger, their failures in life, or the inexplicable hatred that has accumulated over many years on such people. The attitude towards people who require compassion is an indicator of a person’s viability as a bearer of high moral qualities.
Plan
- A portrait of Yushka and a story about what his work was.
- His financial situation.
- Children's attitude towards Yushka.
- Adults, like children, offend and maim Yushka.
- Every summer Yushka takes a vacation and goes somewhere for a month. Material from the site
- Yushka began to weaken and did not go anywhere this year.
- A random passer-by kills Yushka.
- Everyone comes to say goodbye to the person they tormented.
- After Yushka’s death, life around her changed.
- Yushka’s adopted daughter arrived, began looking for him and told him where he went every summer.
- After grieving, the girl remained in this city forever to work as a doctor.
- All her life, Yushka’s daughter brings good to people.
