Russian literature Silver Age

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin

Biography

Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich (1870 - 1938) - Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story “Moloch” (1896), in which industrialization appears in the image of a monster factory that enslaves a person morally and physically, the story “The Duel” (1905) - about spiritual death pure hero in the deadening atmosphere of army life and the story “The Pit” (1909 - 15) is about prostitution. The variety of finely outlined types, lyrical situations in the stories and short stories “Olesya” (1898), “Gambrinus” (1907), “ Garnet bracelet"(1911). Cycles of essays (“Listrigons”, 1907 - 11). In 1919 - 37 in exile, in 1937 he returned to his homeland. Autobiographical novel"Junker" (1928 - 32).

Big encyclopedic Dictionary, M.-SPb., 1998

Biography

Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich (1870), prose writer.

Born on August 26 (September 7, new year) in the city of Narovchat, Penza province, in the family of a minor official who died a year after the birth of his son. Mother (from ancient family Tatar princes Kulanchakov) after the death of her husband moved to Moscow, where the future writer spent his childhood and youth. At the age of six, the boy was sent to the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school (orphanage), from where he left in 1880. In the same year he entered the Moscow military academy, transformed into the Cadet Corps.

After completing his studies, he continued his military education at the Alexander Junker School (1888 - 90). Subsequently he will describe his “ military youth"in the stories "At the Turning Point (Cadets)" and in the novel "Junkers". Even then he dreamed of becoming “a poet or novelist.”

Kuprin's first literary experience was poetry that remained unpublished. The first work to see the light was the story “The Last Debut” (1889).

In 1890, having graduated military school, Kuprin, with the rank of second lieutenant, was enlisted in an infantry regiment stationed in the Podolsk province. The life of an officer, which he led for four years, provided rich material for his future works. In 1893 - 1894, the St. Petersburg magazine “Russian Wealth” published his story “In the Dark” and the stories “ Moonlit night" and "Inquiry". A series of stories are dedicated to the life of the Russian army: “Overnight” (1897), “Night Shift” (1899), “Hike”. In 1894, Kuprin retired and moved to Kyiv, without any civilian profession and having a small life experience. IN next years He traveled a lot around Russia, trying many professions, greedily absorbing life experiences that became the basis of his future works. In the 1890s, he published the essay “Yuzovsky Plant” and the story “Moloch”, the stories “Wilderness”, “Werewolf”, the stories “Olesya” and “Kat” (“Army Ensign”). During these years, Kuprin met Bunin, Chekhov and Gorky. In 1901 he moved to St. Petersburg, began working for the “Magazine for Everyone,” married M. Davydova, and had a daughter, Lydia. Kuprin's stories appeared in St. Petersburg magazines: “Swamp” (1902); "Horse Thieves" (1903); "White Poodle" (1904). In 1905, his most significant work was published - the story "The Duel", which had big success. The writer’s performances with the reading of individual chapters of “The Duel” became an event cultural life capital Cities. His works of this time were very well-behaved: the essay “Events in Sevastopol” (1905), the stories “Staff Captain Rybnikov” (1906), “River of Life”, “Gambrinus” (1907). In 1907, he married his second wife, sister of mercy E. Heinrich, and had a daughter, Ksenia. Kuprin's work in the years between the two revolutions resisted the decadent mood of those years: the cycle of essays "Listrigons" (1907 - 11), stories about animals, the stories "Shulamith", "Garnet Bracelet" (1911). His prose became a notable phenomenon of Russian literature at the beginning of the century. After October revolution The writer did not accept the policy of military communism, the “Red Terror”; he feared for the fate of Russian culture. In 1918 he came to Lenin with a proposal to publish a newspaper for the village - “Earth”. At one time he worked in the publishing house " World literature", founded by Gorky. In the fall of 1919, while in Gatchina, cut off from Petrograd by Yudenich's troops, he emigrated abroad. The seventeen years that the writer spent in Paris were an unproductive period. Constant material need and homesickness led him to the decision to return to Russia. In the spring of 1937, the seriously ill Kuprin returned to his homeland, warmly received by his admirers. Published the essay “Native Moscow”. However, the new creative plans were not destined to come true. In August 1938, Kuprin died in Leningrad from cancer.

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870-1938) - famous Russian writer. His father, a small official, died a year after the birth of his son. His mother, originally from the Tatar princes Kulanchakov, after the death of her husband moved to the capital of Russia, where Kuprin spent his childhood and youth. At the age of 6, Alexander was sent to an orphanage, where he stayed until 1880. And immediately upon leaving, he entered the Moscow Military Academy.

Afterwards he studied at the Alexander School (1888-90). In 1889, his first work, “The Last Debut,” saw the light of day. In 1890, Kuprin was assigned to an infantry regiment in the Podolsk province, life in which became the basis for many of his works.

In 1894 the writer resigns and moves to Kyiv. The following years were devoted to wandering through Russia.

In 1890, he introduced readers to many publications - “Moloch”, “Yuzovsky Plant”, “Werewolf”, “Olesya”, “Kat”.

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was born on August 26 (September 7), 1870 in the city of Narovchat (Penza province) into a poor family of a minor official.

1871 was a difficult year in Kuprin’s biography - his father died, and the poor family moved to Moscow.

Training and the beginning of a creative path

At the age of six, Kuprin was sent to a class at the Moscow Orphan School, from which he left in 1880. After this, Alexander Ivanovich studied at the military academy, the Alexander Military School. The time of training is described in such works by Kuprin as: “At the Turning Point (Cadets)”, “Junkers”. “The Last Debut” is Kuprin’s first published story (1889).

From 1890 he was a second lieutenant in an infantry regiment. During the service, many essays, short stories, and novellas were published: “Inquiry,” “On a Moonlit Night,” “In the Dark.”

Creativity flourishes

Four years later, Kuprin retired. After this, the writer travels a lot around Russia, tries his hand at different professions. At this time, Alexander Ivanovich met Ivan Bunin, Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky.

Kuprin builds his stories of those times on life impressions gleaned during his travels.

Kuprin's short stories cover many topics: military, social, love. The story “The Duel” (1905) brought real success to Alexander Ivanovich. Love in Kuprin’s work is most vividly described in the story “Olesya” (1898), which was his first major and one of his most beloved works, and the story of unrequited love, “The Garnet Bracelet” (1910).

Alexander Kuprin also loved to write stories for children. For children's reading he wrote the works “Elephant”, “Starlings”, “White Poodle” and many others.

Emigration and last years of life

For Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, life and creativity are inseparable. Not accepting the policy of war communism, the writer emigrated to France. Even after emigration, in the biography of Alexander Kuprin, the writer’s fervor does not subside; he writes novellas, short stories, many articles and essays. Despite this, Kuprin lives in material need and yearns for his homeland. Only 17 years later he returns to Russia. At the same time, the writer’s last essay was published - the work “Native Moscow”.

After a serious illness, Kuprin died on August 25, 1938. The writer was buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery in Leningrad, next to the grave of Ivan Turgenev.

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Russian writer Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870–1938) was born in the town of Narovchat, Penza province. Human difficult fate, a career military man, then a journalist, emigrant and “returnee,” Kuprin is known as the author of works included in the golden collection of Russian literature.

Stages of life and creativity

Kuprin was born in a poor noble family August 26, 1870. His father worked as a secretary in the regional court, his mother came from a noble family of Tatar princes Kulunchakov. In addition to Alexander, two daughters grew up in the family.

The life of the family changed dramatically when, a year after the birth of their son, the head of the family died of cholera. The mother, a native Muscovite, began to look for an opportunity to return to the capital and somehow arrange the life of the family. She managed to find a place with a boarding house in the Kudrinsky widow's house in Moscow. Three years of little Alexander’s life passed here, after which, at the age of six, he was sent to an orphanage. The atmosphere of the widow's house is conveyed by the story “Holy Lies” (1914), written by a mature writer.

The boy was accepted to study at the Razumovsky orphanage, then, after graduation, he continued his studies at the Second Moscow Cadet Corps. Fate, it seems, destined him to be a military man. And in early work Kuprin, the theme of everyday life in the army and relationships among the military is raised in two stories: “Army Ensign” (1897), “At the Turning Point (Cadets)” (1900). At the peak of his literary talent, Kuprin writes the story “The Duel” (1905). The image of her hero, Second Lieutenant Romashov, according to the writer, was copied from himself. The publication of the story caused great discussion in society. In the army environment, the work was perceived negatively. The story shows the aimlessness and philistine limitations of the life of the military class. A kind of conclusion to the dilogy “Cadets” and “Duel” was the autobiographical story “Junker”, written by Kuprin already in exile, in 1928-32.

Army life was completely alien to Kuprin, who was prone to rebellion. Resignation from military service took place in 1894. By this time, the writer’s first stories began to appear in magazines, not yet noticed by the general public. After leaving military service, he began wandering in search of income and life experiences. Kuprin tried to find himself in many professions, but useful for starting professional studies literary work was the experience of journalism acquired in Kyiv. The next five years were marked by the emergence best works author of: stories “Lilac Bush” (1894), “Painting” (1895), “Overnight” (1895), “Barbos and Zhulka” (1897), “The Wonderful Doctor” (1897), “Breguet” (1897), stories "Olesya" (1898).

The capitalism that Russia is entering has depersonalized the working man. Anxiety in the face of this process leads to a wave of workers' revolts, which are supported by the intelligentsia. In 1896, Kuprin wrote the story “Moloch” - a work of great artistic power. In the story, the soulless power of the machine is associated with an ancient deity who demands and receives human lives as a sacrifice.

“Moloch” was written by Kuprin upon his return to Moscow. Here, after wandering, the writer finds a home, enters the literary circle, meets and becomes close friends with Bunin, Chekhov, Gorky. Kuprin marries and in 1901 moves with his family to St. Petersburg. His stories “Swamp” (1902), “White Poodle” (1903), “Horse Thieves” (1903) are published in magazines. At this time the writer is actively busy social life, he is a candidate for deputy of the State Duma of the 1st convocation. Since 1911 he has lived with his family in Gatchina.

Kuprin’s work between the two revolutions was marked by the creation of love stories “Shulamith” (1908) and “Pomegranate Bracelet” (1911), distinguished by their bright mood from the works of literature of those years by other authors.

During the period of two revolutions and the civil war, Kuprin was looking for an opportunity to be useful to society, collaborating either with the Bolsheviks or with the Socialist Revolutionaries. 1918 became a turning point in the life of the writer. He emigrates with his family, lives in France and continues to work actively. Here, in addition to the novel “Junker,” the story “Yu-Yu” (1927), the fairy tale “Blue Star” (1927), the story “Olga Sur” (1929), a total of more than twenty works, were written.

In 1937, after an entry permit approved by Stalin, the already very ill writer returned to Russia and settled in Moscow, where a year after returning from emigration, Alexander Ivanovich died. Kuprin was buried in Leningrad at the Volkovsky cemetery.

Many literary critics They believe that Alexander Kuprin never became a “great writer,” but readers do not agree with them - Kuprin remains one of the most read and republished Russian authors today. A man of difficult fate, he tried many professions: he was a fisherman, a circus wrestler, a land surveyor, a fireman, a military man, a fisherman, an organ grinder, an actor and even a dentist. We want to tell our readers about the main passions in the life of this wonderful writer.

The First Passion - Maria Davydova

For the first time, Alexander Kuprin married his 20-year-old daughter at the age of 32.
the famous publisher of the magazine "World of God" and the late director of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, Masha Davydova. She was witty, bright, noisy and always claimed the first roles. Kuprin adored his young wife passionately, was in awe of her literary taste and always listened to her opinion. Maria, in turn, did everything possible to curb her husband’s violent temper and make him a salon writer. But noisy taverns were closer to him.

Maria fought with her husband’s disorganization and restlessness using rather harsh methods. Because of his drinking spree, Kuprin could not finish finishing his story “The Duel,” then his wife forced him to rent an apartment, sending him out of the house. He could visit his wife and daughter only if he brought new pages of the manuscript. But somehow Kuprin brought an old chapter. Maria was offended by the deception and stated that from now on she would only take the pages of the manuscript through the door that was ajar with a chain.

In May 1905, the story was finally published. This work brought Kuprin not only an All-Russian, but also world fame. But the family did not become happier. The couple sometimes separated, then came together, and as a result they became strangers and separated peacefully.

Second Passion - Elizaveta Heinrich

Lisa Heinrich was born in Orenburg into the family of a Hungarian, Moritz Heinrich Rotoni, who married a Siberian woman. She lived with the Kuprin family for several years and, for a fairly modest remuneration, helped with the housework and nursed their daughter. But Kuprin drew attention to her a few years later at a fashion party where the future famous actor Kachalov.

Kuprin confessed his love to Lisa, and she, in order not to destroy the family, left the Kuprins’ house and got a job at a hospital. However, this did not save the family, in which discord already reigned. Kuprin left home and began living at the Palais Royal hotel, and then bought a house in Gatchina in installments, where he lived with Lisa for eight years full of serenity.

Elizaveta Moritsovna was modest, flexible and, unlike Kuprin’s first wife, did not aspire to the first roles. Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, the wife of Ivan Bunin, recalled one episode when her husband and Kuprin once stopped briefly at the Palais Royal, where “they found Elizaveta Moritsovna on the landing... of the third floor. She was in a wide house dress (Liza was expecting a child at that time )". Having said a few words to her, Kuprin and the guests went on a hike through the night hangouts. This did not last an hour or two, and all this time the pregnant woman stood waiting on the landing.

Sometimes the Kuprins separated for a short time: Elizaveta Moritsovna, denying herself everything and carving out the required amount of money from the meager family budget, sent her husband to the south to rest. Kuprin was traveling alone - there was not enough money for his wife’s vacation. True, after living with Elizaveta Moritsovna for 22 years, he wrote to her: “There is no one better than you, no beast, no bird, no man!”

The third passion is alcohol

Those who knew Kurin said that one glass of vodka was enough for him to run into a quarrel with everyone he met. There were even epigrams about Kuprin: “If truth is in wine, how many truths are there in Kuprin” and “Vodka is uncorked, splashing in the decanter. Should I call Kuprin for this reason?

Once his 4-year-old daughter from his first marriage read a poem to the guests own composition:
I have a father,
I have a mother.
Dad drinks a lot of vodka
His mother beats him for this...

And Ksenia Kuprina, his daughter from his second marriage, as an adult, recalled: “Father traveled to St. Petersburg regularly, but sometimes he was stuck there for weeks, falling under the influence of literary and artistic bohemia. Mother selflessly fought against her father’s bad environment, protected his peace, pulled him out of bad companies, and kicked some literary “bugs” out of the house. But too many powerful, contradictory vital forces were fermenting within my father at that time. Even a small amount of alcohol turned the kindest Kuprin into a violent, mischievous person, with furious outbursts of anger.”

The Fourth Passion - Russia

In 1920, after the end of the First World War and the defeat, the whites civil war, Kuprin leaves Russia. He lived in France for 20 years, but was never able to adapt to a foreign country. The financial situation of the spouses was very difficult. Kuprin’s own earnings were casual in nature, and commercial enterprises Elizaveta Moritsovna did not succeed. She translated into French famous works Kuprin, but it was becoming more and more difficult for him to write new ones. He was constantly oppressed by longing for Russia. The only thing major work, written in emigration - the novel "Junker", in which the "absurd, sweet country" appears before us so bright, cleared of everything unimportant, secondary...

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin. Born on August 26 (September 7), 1870 in Narovchat - died on August 25, 1938 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). Russian writer, translator.

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was born on August 26 (September 7), 1870 in county town Narovchate (now Penza region) in the family of an official, hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich Kuprin (1834-1871), who died a year after the birth of his son.

Mother, Lyubov Alekseevna (1838-1910), née Kulunchakova, came from a family of Tatar princes (noblewoman, princely title Did not have). After the death of her husband, she moved to Moscow, where the future writer spent his childhood and adolescence.

At the age of six, the boy was sent to the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school (orphanage), from where he left in 1880. In the same year he entered the Second Moscow Cadet Corps.

In 1887 he was graduated from the Alexander Military School. Subsequently, he described his “military youth” in the stories “At the Turning Point (Cadets)” and in the novel “Junkers”.

Kuprin's first literary experience was poetry that remained unpublished. The first work to see the light was the story “The Last Debut” (1889).

In 1890, Kuprin, with the rank of second lieutenant, was released into the 46th Dnieper Infantry Regiment, stationed in the Podolsk province (in Proskurov). The officer's life he led during four years, provided rich material for his future works.

In 1893-1894, the St. Petersburg magazine “Russian Wealth” published his story “In the Dark,” the stories “Moonlit Night” and “Inquiry.” Kuprin has several stories on an army theme: “Overnight” (1897), “Night Shift” (1899), “Hike”.

In 1894, Lieutenant Kuprin retired and moved to Kyiv, without any civilian profession. In the following years, he traveled a lot around Russia, trying many professions, greedily absorbing life experiences that became the basis of his future works.

During these years, Kuprin met I. A. Bunin, A. P. Chekhov and M. Gorky. In 1901 he moved to St. Petersburg and began working as secretary of the “Magazine for Everyone.” Kuprin's stories appeared in St. Petersburg magazines: “Swamp” (1902), “Horse Thieves” (1903), “White Poodle” (1903).

In 1905, his most significant work was published - the story "The Duel", which was a great success. The writer’s performances reading individual chapters of “The Duel” became an event in the cultural life of the capital. His other works of this time: the stories “Staff Captain Rybnikov” (1906), “River of Life”, “Gambrinus” (1907), the essay “Events in Sevastopol” (1905). In 1906, he was a candidate for deputy of the State Duma of the first convocation from the St. Petersburg province.

Kuprin’s work in the years between the two revolutions resisted the decadent mood of those years: the cycle of essays “Listrigons” (1907-1911), stories about animals, the stories “Shulamith” (1908), “Garnet Bracelet” (1911), fantastic story"Liquid Sun" (1912). His prose has become a notable phenomenon of Russian literature. In 1911 he settled in Gatchina with his family.

After the outbreak of World War I, he opened a military hospital in his house and campaigned in newspapers for citizens to take out war loans. In November 1914, he was mobilized into the army and sent to Finland as commander of an infantry company. Demobilized in July 1915 for health reasons.

In 1915, Kuprin completed work on the story “The Pit,” in which he talks about the life of prostitutes in Russian brothels. The story was condemned for being, according to critics, excessive naturalism. Nuravkin’s publishing house, which published Kuprin’s “The Pit” in the German edition, was brought to justice by the prosecutor’s office “for distributing pornographic publications.”

The abdication of Nicholas II was met in Helsingfors, where he was undergoing treatment, and received it with enthusiasm. After returning to Gatchina, he was the editor of the newspapers “Free Russia”, “Liberty”, “Petrogradsky Listok”, and sympathized with the Socialist Revolutionaries. After the Bolsheviks seized power, the writer did not accept the policy of war communism and the terror associated with it. In 1918, I went to Lenin with a proposal to publish a newspaper for the village - “Earth”. He worked at the World Literature publishing house, founded by. At this time he translated Don Carlos. He was arrested, spent three days in prison, was released and added to the list of hostages.

On October 16, 1919, with the arrival of the Whites in Gatchina, he entered the North-Western Army with the rank of lieutenant and was appointed editor of the army newspaper “Prinevsky Krai,” headed by General P. N. Krasnov.

After the defeat of the North-Western Army, he went to Revel, and from there in December 1919 to Helsinki, where he stayed until July 1920, after which he went to Paris.

By 1930, the Kuprin family was impoverished and mired in debt. His literary fees were meager, and alcoholism plagued his years in Paris. From 1932, his vision steadily deteriorated, and his handwriting became significantly worse. Return to Soviet Union became the only solution Kuprin's material and psychological problems. At the end of 1936, he finally decided to apply for a visa. In 1937, at the invitation of the USSR government, he returned to his homeland.

Kuprin’s return to the Soviet Union was preceded by an appeal from the USSR Plenipotentiary Representative in France V.P. Potemkin on August 7, 1936 with a corresponding proposal to J.V. Stalin (who gave the preliminary “go-ahead”), and on October 12, 1936 - with a letter to the People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs N. I. Ezhov. Yezhov sent Potemkin’s note to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, which on October 23, 1936 decided: “to allow the writer A. I. Kuprin to enter the USSR” (voted “for” by I. V. Stalin, V. M. Molotov, V. . Y. Chubar and A. A. Andreev; K. E. Voroshilov abstained).

He died on the night of August 25, 1938 from esophageal cancer. He was buried in Leningrad on the Literary Bridge of the Volkovsky Cemetery next to the grave of I. S. Turgenev.

Stories and novels by Alexander Kuprin:

1892 - “In the Dark”
1896 - “Moloch”
1897 - “Army Ensign”
1898 - “Olesya”
1900 - “At the Turning Point” (Cadets)
1905 - “Duel”
1907 - "Gambrinus"
1908 - “Shulamith”
1909-1915 - “The Pit”
1910 - “Garnet Bracelet”
1913 - “Liquid Sun”
1917 - “Star of Solomon”
1928 - “The Dome of St. Isaac of Dalmatia"
1929 - “The Wheel of Time”
1928-1932 - "Junkers"
1933 - “Zhaneta”

Stories by Alexander Kuprin:

1889 - “The Last Debut”
1892 - “Psyche”
1893 - “On a Moonlit Night”
1894 - “Inquiry”, “Slavic Soul”, “Lilac Bush”, “Unspoken Revision”, “To Glory”, “Madness”, “On the Road”, “Al-Issa”, “Forgotten Kiss”, “About That how Professor Leopardi gave me a voice"
1895 - “Sparrow”, “Toy”, “In the Menagerie”, “The Petitioner”, “Painting”, “The Terrible Minute”, “Meat”, “No Title”, “Overnight”, “Millionaire”, “Pirate”, “ Lolly”, “Holy Love”, “Curl”, “Stoletnik”, “Life”
1896 - “Strange Case”, “Bonza”, “Horror”, “Natalya Davydovna”, “Demi-God”, “Blessed”, “Bed”, “Fairy Tale”, “Nag”, “Someone else’s Bread”, “Friends”, “ Marianna", "Dog's Happiness", "On the River"
1897 - " Stronger than death"", "Enchantment", "Caprice", "First-born", "Narcissus", "Breguet", "The first person you meet", "Confusion", "The Wonderful Doctor", "Barbos and Zhulka", " Kindergarten", "Allez!"
1898 - “Loneliness”, “Wilderness”
1899 - “Night Shift”, “Lucky Card”, “In the Bowels of the Earth”
1900 - “Spirit of the Century”, “Dead Force”, “Taper”, “Executioner”
1901 - “Sentimental Romance”, “Autumn Flowers”, “By order”, “Trek”, “At the Circus”, “Silver Wolf”
1902 - “At rest”, “Swamp”
1903 - “Coward”, “Horse Thieves”, “How I Was an Actor”, “White Poodle”
1904 - “Evening Guest”, “Peaceful Life”, “Frenzy”, “Jew”, “Diamonds”, “Empty Dachas”, “White Nights”, “From the Street”
1905 - “Black Fog”, “Priest”, “Toast”, “Staff Captain Rybnikov”
1906 - “Art”, “Killer”, “River of Life”, “Happiness”, “Legend”, “Demir-Kaya”, “Resentment”
1907 - “Delirium”, “Emerald”, “Small fry”, “Elephant”, “Fairy Tales”, “Mechanical Justice”, “Giants”
1908 - “Seasickness”, “Wedding”, “Last Word”
1910 - “In a family way”, “Helen”, “In the cage of the beast”
1911 - “Telegraph Operator”, “Mistress of Traction”, “Royal Park”
1912 - “Weed”, “Black Lightning”
1913 - “Anathema”, “Elephant Walk”
1914 - “Holy Lies”
1917 - “Sashka and Yashka”, “Brave Fugitives”
1918 - “Piebald Horses”
1919 - “The Last of the Bourgeois”
1920 - “Lemon Peel”, “Fairy Tale”
1923 - “The One-Armed Commandant”, “Fate”
1924 - “Slap”
1925 - “Yu-yu”
1926 - “The Daughter of the Great Barnum”
1927 - “Blue Star”
1928 - “Inna”
1929 - “Paganini’s Violin”, “Olga Sur”
1933 - “Night Violet”
1934 - " The Last Knights", "Ralph"

Essays by Alexander Kuprin:

1897 - “Kyiv types”
1899 - “On the wood grouse”

1895-1897 - series of essays “Student Dragoon”
"Dnieper Sailor"
"Future Patty"
"False Witness"
"Chorister"
"Firefighter"
"The Landlady"
"Tramp"
"Thief"
"Artist"
"Arrows"
"Hare"
"Doctor"
"Prude"
"Beneficiary"
"Card supplier"

1900 - Travel pictures:
From Kyiv to Rostov-on-Don
From Rostov to Novorossiysk. Legend about the Circassians. Tunnels.

1901 - “Tsaritsyn Fire”
1904 - "In Memory of Chekhov"
1905 - “Events in Sevastopol”; "Dreams"
1908 - “A Little Bit of Finland”
1907-1911 - cycle of essays “Listrigons”
1909 - “Don’t touch our tongue.” About Russian-speaking Jewish writers.
1921 - “Lenin. Instant Photography"